Background Information 

Heat is a form of energy that
is produced by moving tiny
units of matter called atoms.
Temperature is a  measure of how fast the atoms are moving. Higher temperatures indicate faster-moving atoms, while lower temperatures indicate
slower-moving atoms.

Heating a substance raises
its temperature. But if you
apply the same amount of 
heat to different  substances, they will have
different temperatures. This
 is because every  substance has its own 
specific heat capacity, 
which is a measure of how 
hot the substance will get 
when heated a particular 
amount. Substances such 
as wax have a lower specific heat capacity than 
substances such as water.

Heat energy can also 
change a substance from a 
solid into a liquid or a liquid 
into a gas. Applying heat 
causing the atoms in the 
substance to vibrate more 
quickly. At a temperature 
called the melting point, the
atoms in the substance 
vibrate enough so that solid
material becomes liquid. At
a temperature called the 
boiling point, the liquid  turns into a gas. Different 
substances have different 
melting points and boiling 
points.