Day 031 - 05 Oct 94 - Page 14
1 is one of the important ones.
2
3 MS. STEEL: While we are looking at page 3, "Protection by
4 n-3", just something to clarify really. You have referred
5 to DHA later in the statement. On line 13 you have
6 mentioned, I cannot pronounce it ----
7 A. Docosahexaenoic acid.
8
9 Q. Right. Can you clarify -- is that the same as DHA?
10 A. Yes. DHA is the abbreviation for that; I have slipped
11 up by not inserting it at that point in the text.
12
13 Q. On that subject, while we are still on -----
14
15 MR. JUSTICE BELL: When you say you "slipped up by not
16 inserting it", you mean the abbreviation DHA, do you?
17 A. We normally put the abbreviation immediately the first
18 time we mention it.
19
20 Q. That is all you are talking about?
21 A. Yes, that is right.
22
23 MR. RAMPTON: One finds the actual word in line 13.
24
25 MR. JUSTICE BELL: Yes, thank you very much.
26
27 MS. STEEL: Just on linoleic acid, just to clarify a point,
28 the first paragraph you have on page 2 on linoleic acid,
29 you mention promotion of tumour development following
30 chemical initiation of cancer up to about three per cent
31 of the dietary energy. Is there any added effect over
32 three per cent?
33
34 MR. JUSTICE BELL: I have written in pencil against that
35 sentence "Query meaning". Can you explain, so I am sure I
36 understand what you are saying there?
37 A. A tumour requires nutrients in the same way as does
38 the body. If you deprive it of essential protein
39 nutrients, it will not grow properly. If you deprive it
40 of essential fatty acid nutrients it will not grow
41 properly. It seems to require linoleic acid for its
42 proper growth.
43
44 Q. I understand you are saying that, but it is following
45 "chemical initiation of a cancer up to about 3% of the
46 dietary energy", what that means?
47 A. Well, the linoleic acid -- feeding linoleic acid does
48 not cause the cancer; what causes the cancer is a
49 carcinogen that is injected into the animal or put under
50 the skin of the animal. What you see is that the cancer
51 then proliferates and the measure, the effect of the diet
52 on the proliferation of the cancer in terms of the size of
53 tumours and the number of sites where the tumour appears.
54 So, the linoleic acid is not causing the cancer; it is
55 simply promoting the growth and development of the tumour
56 throughout the body.
57
58 Q. What is the "up to about 3% of the dietary energy"?
59 A. If you give no linoleic acid, you will get very poor
60 tumour promotion because the tumour requires linoleic acid
