Day 034 - 11 Oct 94 - Page 06

     
     1        pages, the Surgeon General describes evidence that he
     2        feels is important, and I believe in the first category
     3        under "international correlations" which simply shows that
     4        dietary fat is associated with breast cancer, the more fat
     5        one consumes the higher the associated risk.
     6
     7        Ten studies, looking at the first column for total fat,
     8        all ten of these studies showed that the more fat in the
     9        diet, the higher the risk of breast cancer.  The next
    10        column specifically looks at animal fat, and, as you can
    11        see, many more studies have looked at total fat than at
    12        animal fat specifically.
    13
    14   MR. MORRIS:  If there is a blank, that means that was not
    15        looked at, that particular category?
    16        A.  Yes, presumably, that means the researchers looked
    17        only at total fat intake, or only reported total fat
    18        intake.
    19
    20   Q.   When it was looked at, animal fat, it came out positive?
         A.  Yes.  All ten found what we call a direct correlation,
    22        meaning the higher the fat intake the higher the risk of
    23        breast cancer in that study.  All ten found precisely
    24        that.  Three of them, which had found a higher risk for
    25        total fat, found a separate, and reported separately, a
    26        higher risk specifically for animal fat.  Four studies of
    27        the ten specifically reported a higher risk for meat
    28        products, one for eggs; and, in the final columns, you can
    29        see eight of the ten did not investigate vegetable fat in
    30        particular; two specifically reported it and found no
    31        association.
    32
    33   Q.   Just to clarify that -----
    34
    35   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  What does the "0" mean?  I see there is a
    36        minus in some places?
    37        A.  A minus could indicate that a higher consumption of
    38        fat would actually ----.
    39
    40   Q.   That is an inverse relationship?
         A.  An inverse relationship.
    42
    43   Q.   The "0" is neutral?
    44        A.  Yes, that is my understanding that no statistical
    45        association was found.
    46
    47   MR. MORRIS:  Just to clarify that, where there are blanks, for
    48        example, under animal fat, all the studies that looked at
    49        animal fat found a correlation.  All the studies that
    50        looked at meat found a correlation.  Only once they looked 
    51        at eggs and found a correlation.  But the only two studies 
    52        looked at vegetable fat and found it neutral? 
    53        A.  That is correct.
    54
    55   Q.   When I say "neutral", no association was discovered?
    56        A.  That is correct.
    57
    58   Q.   Do you want to take us to the next section?
    59        A.  Yes.
    60