Cliff Swallow

Like the resident Cave Swallow, except that the forehead is light buffy, not reddish, and the throat is dark reddish brown. Length: 13 cm.; weight: 21 g. Audio (M. Oberle). Breeds over much of North America. Winters in southern South America. Accidental migrant in the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico (Salinas de Cabo Rojo, 6 October 2001).

TAXONOMY: PASSERIFORMES; HIRUNDINIDAE; Hirundininae


Photo: G. Beaton

References

Arendt, W.J. 1992. Status of North American migrant landbirds in the Caribbean region: a summary. Pp. 143-171 in Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds (J.M. Hagan III and D.W. Johnston, eds.) Smithsonian Instit. Press, Washington, D.C.

Bent, A.C. 1942. Life histories of North American flycatchers, larks, swallows, and their allies. Smithsonian Instit. U.S. National Museum Bull. 179. (Reprinted by Dover Press, NY, 1963).

Brown, C. R., and M. B. Brown. 1995. Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota). No. 149 in The birds of North America (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, PA, and Am. Ornithol. Union, Washington, D.C.

Ehrlich, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1988. The birderÆs handbook: a field guide to the natural history of North American birds. Simon and Schuster/ Fireside, NY.

Martin, T. E., A. P. Moller, S. Merino, and J. Clobert. 2001. Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:2071-2076.

Raffaele, H.A. 1989. A guide to the birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Princeton.

Raffaele, H.A. 1989. Una guía a las aves de Puerto Rico y las Islas Vírgenes. Publishing Resources, Inc., Santurce, PR.

Raffaele, H.A., J.W. Wiley, O.H. Garrido, A.R. Keith, and J.I. Raffaele. 1998. Guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton.

Turner, A. and C. Rose. 1989. Swallows & martins: an identification guide and handbook. Houghton, Mifflin, Boston.

Cliff Swallow, Spanish text

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