Executive Committee

Robert C. Martin, President, World Book Inc.

Michael Ross, Executive Vice President, Publisher, World Book, Inc.

J. Bernard Rice, Vice President, Business and Market Development, IBM

James M. Ebetino, Associate General Counsel, IBM

Tim Guster, General Counsel, The Scott Fetzer Company

Product Management

IBM Consumer Division

Neil L. Holman, Ph.D., Executive Producer

Allen Konieczka, Senior Producer

Jennifer De Vries, Producer

Dawn Bueneman, Producer

Dawn Albin, Production Manager

IBM Software Engineers

Sean T. Murray, Manager, Software Development

James Kolanowski

Anthony M. Lavey, Jr.

John Pisello

Ken Baumhoff

World Book Electronic Products Group

Garrett Ellison, Director

D. Leigh Daeuble, Manager, Database Production

Jason Moser, Production Coordinator

Design

JMC Studios, Inc.

Jim McGreal, Principal Designer

Kurt Heintz

Pat McCarthy

Fred Hickler

Marketing

IBM Consumer Division

Diana James-Cairns, VP Marketing & General Manager World Book, Consumer Software Division, IBM

James E. Reynolds, Brand Manager, Consumer Division, IBM

Mark Bullinger, IBM/World Book Program Manager, Consumer Division, IBM

John Fallon, Progam Manager, Consumer Division, IBM

Micheal Flaherty, Marketing Manager, Consumer Division, IBM

World Book Advisory Board

William H. Nault, A.B., M.A., Ed.D., Litt.D. LL.D., L.H.D.

Chairman of Advisory Board and Former Publisher, World Book, Inc.

Andrew B. Gonzalez, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., Litt.D.

Secretary of Education,

Republic of the Philippines

Dató Isahak Haron, B.A., Dip.Ed., M.Ed., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Dame Leonie Kramer, A.C., D.B.E., B.A., M.A., D.Phil., D.Litt., LL.D.

Emeritus Professor and Chancellor

The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

K. N. Panikkar, M.A., Ph.D.

Chairman, Archives on Contemporary History, and Professor of Modern History

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Mohammed A. Rasheed, B.A., M.S., Ph.D.

Minister of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and

Emeritus Professor of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Sir William Taylor, C.B.E., B.Sc.Econ., Ph.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Ed.D., D.C.L., D.Litt., D.Univ., F.C.P.

Acting Vice Chancellor, Thames Valley University, London, England

Scott L. Waugh, B.A., Ph.D.

Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of History

University of California, Los Angeles, California

World Book Editorial Consultants

Mary Alice Anderson, B.S., M.A.

Media Specialist, Winona (Minn.) Middle School

David J. Bercuson, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of History, University of Calgary

Lawrence C. Bliss, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Emeritus Professor of Botany, University of Washington

Marianna Anderson Busch, B.A., Ph.D.

Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry, Baylor University

Anne Innis Dagg, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Academic Adviser, Independent Studies, University of Waterloo (Ont.)

Herbert J. Ellison, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of Russian History, Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington

Homer D. C. Garcia, B.A., M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Vice Provost for University Planning and Professor of Sociology, Baylor University

C. Anderson Hedberg, M.D.

Associate Professor of Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. LukeÆs Medical Center and Rush Medical College

Alan E. Mann, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Professor of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania

Donald G. Marshall, A.B., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Professor and Head, Department of English, University of Illinois at Chicago

Margaret McKeown, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Research Scientist, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh

Jay M. Pasachoff, A.B., A.M., Ph.D.

Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy and Director, Hopkins Observatory of Williams College

Robert B. Prigo, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

Professor of Physics, Middlebury College

Michael Seidel, B.A., M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of English and Comparative Literature, Columbia University

Whitney Smith, A.M., A.B., Ph.D.

Director, The Flag Research Center, Winchester, Massachusetts

Ivan Soll, A.B., Ph.D.

Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Marilyn Stokstad, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Judith Harris Murphy Distinguished Professor of Art History, University of Kansas

Robert Wedgeworth, A.B., M.S.

University Librarian and Professor of Library Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

World Book, Inc.

World Book Editorial - International

Howard Timms, International Managing Editor

Moire Lennox, International Content Manager

Alison Coles, Content Development Editor

Lloyd Lindo, Technical and Current Revision Editor

Marilyn Timms, Online Editor & Indexer

Janet Moore, Copy & Production Editor

Cathy Johns, International Researcher

Special Assignment Editors

Eileen Cadman

James E. Davis

William Gould

Katherine Lubar

Richard Shaw

Text Editors

Cressida Bateman

Zoe Bremer

Chris Cooper

Sara Creighton

James Edge

Lysianne Egan

Christian Fairclough

Christine Fisher

Joseph Harris

Andrew Macpherson

Mary Morton

Vanessa Murphy

Jeremiah Steele

David Taylor

Alison Woodhouse

Proofreaders

Anthony F. Germing

Mark Hendy

Sounds Editor

Bridget Martyn

Dictionary

William Gould

Research Support

Evangeline Bute

Lucy Chambers

International Library Advisor

Martha Baker

Support Staff

Cortez McKinney

Pamela Taylor

World Book Editorial - Domestic

Robert J. Janus, Vice President & Editor in Chief

Dale W. Jacobs, Executive Editor

Managing Editors

Sara Dreyfuss

Warren Silver

Subject Editors

Timothy Falk

Brad Finger

Barbara Lanctot

Jay Myers

James J. Norton

Michael B. Schuldt

Thomas J. Wrobel

Daniel O. Zeff

Production Editors

Dan Blunk

Brite Brumfield

Megan Caras

Michael Deters

Daniel J. Marotta

Indexing Services

David Pofelski, Head

Pam Hori

Statistical Services

Jay Powers, Head

Cartographic Services

H. George Stoll, Head

Wayne K. Pichler, Manager, Cartographic Database

David Walters

Research Services

Paul A. Kobasa, Director, Research and Product Development

Lynn Durbin

Cheryl Graham

Karen A. McCormack

Loranne K. Shields

Mitchell C. Bassler

Nicholas V. Kilzer

Library Services

Jon Fjortoft, Head

Permissions

Janet T. Peterson

Online Group

Darlene R. Stille, Executive Editor

Sally Halderman, Managing Editor

David Dreier

Tim Frystak

Jay Lenn

Ethel Matthews

Marissa Morrison

Jennifer Parello

Susan Ryan

Al Smuskiewicz

Scott Thomas

Peter Uremovic

Kristina Vaicikonis

Support Staff

Rose M. Barberio

Jerrisu Bocian

Teresa Dunne

Curley Hunter

Gwendolyn Johnson

Carmen Jusino

Stephanie Tunney

Art

Roberta Dimmer, Executive Director

Don DiSante

Sandra M. Dyrlund

Thomas B. Kinney

Melanie J. Lawson

Sylvia Ohlrich

Isaiah W. Sheppard, Jr.

Marc Sirinski

Wilma Stevens

John Whitney

Production

Manufacturing/Pre-Press

Sandra Van den Broucke, Director

Audrey Casey

Carma Fazio

Debra Gill

Janice Rossing

Network Services

Richard B. Zinn

Proofreaders

Anne Dillon

Carol Seymour

Freelancers

David Gould

Lisa Klobuchar

Julie Laffin

Dan Osborn

Carol Parden

World Book, Inc.

Bev Ecker

Amy Varesco

IBM Corp.

Mike Braun, General Manager, Consumer Division, IBM

John Stacey, General Manager, Consumer Software, Consumer Division, IBM

Sharon Driscoll

Larry Kaminsky

Margaret McKinley

Glenda Parker

Karen Paulk

Alicia Peck

Stacy Pena

Shelia Reeves

Stacey Schwartz

Mark Williams

Graphics Production

Timothy Q. Mercer

Karolina A. McLean

Metamor Software Solutions

Testing and Quality Control

Cindy Goh - Project Leader

Roger Proctor - Lead Tester

Doug Aldridge

Casey Bell

Bob Chapman

World Book Millennium 2000 software was developed for IBM Corp. by IVID Communications, Inc.

IVID Communications, Inc.

Jack Spiegelberg, President and CEO

Janita Taylor, Project Manager

Software Engineers

Stan Easley, Lead Software Engineer

Paul Czerner, Lead Software Engineer

Ken Hull

Christopher Littlefield

Greg Taylor

Nicole Vjaters

Courtney Wilson

Data Prep

Brad Ayers, Lead Data Preparation Analyst

Claudia Lowenstein

Patricia Riley

Test Team

Joy Medved, Lead Tester

Sarah McClellan

Melanie Simpson

Audio and video compression and 3D animations provided by Peak Image Communications, Inc.

Peak Image Communications, Inc.

Ken Jerome, Video Compression

Dan Swartz, Media Coordination

Eric Sherpan, 3D Animation

Tom Hepburn, 3D Animation

Brian Basilico, Audio Recording and Compression