You control grain direction with the Angle settings on the Coordinates rollout.
Wood is rendered with the grain running along the X axis of the object. This is illustrated by the left cube. The default angle is 0 for X, Y, and Z axes.
By rotating the direction of the grain around an axis, you change the rendered effect. In the right cube, the Y axis is set to 90. This rotates the grain direction 90 degrees around the Y axis so that the grain is now running along the Z axis.
Varying a single angle can create distorted grain effects (cylinder at left). Varying the three angles by a uniform amount keeps the grain running parallel through an object (cylinder at right).
Angle = 0,0,0 (defaults) and 0,90,0
Radial, Axial Noise = 1 (defaults)
Grain Thickness = 3
Angle = 0,30,0 and 30,30,30
Radial, Axial Noise = 1 (defaults)
Grain Thickness = 3