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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
<-- Begin file 11 of 11: X, Y, and Z (Version 0.4) of
An electronic field-marked version of:
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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X.
X (?). X, the twenty-fourth letter of the
English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound
(that of ks), as in wax; a compound vocal
sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at
the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of
z), as in xanthic. See Guide to
Pronunciation,
The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is
from the Greek ks, though in the one now in common use it
represents an aspirated sound of k.
Xanth*am"ide (?), n.
[Xanthic + amide.]
(Chem.) An amido derivative of xanthic acid
obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C2H5O.CS.NH2; -- called also xanthogen
amide.
Xan"thate (?), n. [See
Xanthic.] (Chem.) A salt of
xanthic; a xanthogenate.
\'d8Xan`the*las"ma (?), n.
[NL.; Gr. xanqo`s yellow + (Med.) See Xanthoma.
Xan"thi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Xanthus, an ancient town on Asia Minor;
-- applied especially to certain marbles found near that place,
and now in the British Museum.
Xan"thic (?), a. [Gr.
xanqo`s yellow: cf. F. xanthique.]
1. Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of
those colors, green being excepted, in which yellow is a
constituent, as scarlet, orange, etc.
2. (Chem.) (a) Possessing,
imparting, or producing a yellow color; as, xanthic
acid. (b) Of or pertaining to xanthic
acid, or its compounds; xanthogenic. (c) Of
or pertaining to xanthin.
Xanthic acid (Chem.), a heavy,
astringent, colorless oil, C2H5O.CS.SH, having a
pungent odor. It is produced by leading carbon disulphide into a
hot alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide. So called from the
yellow color of many of its salts. Called also
xanthogenic acid. -- Xanthic
colors (Bot.), those colors (of flowers)
having some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to cyanic
colors. See under Cyanic.
Xan"thide (?), n. [See
Xantho-.] (Chem.) A compound or
derivative of xanthogen. [Archaic]
\'d8Xan*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Xanthidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
xanqo`s yellow.] (Bot.) A genus
of minute unicellular alg\'91 of the desmids. These alg\'91 have
a rounded shape and are armed with glochidiate or branched
aculei. Several species occur in ditches, and others are found
fossil in flint or hornstone.
Xan"thin (?), n. [Gr.
xanqo`s yellow.]
1. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline
nitrogenous body closely related to both uric acid and
hypoxanthin, present in muscle tissue, and occasionally found in
the urine and in some urinary calculi. It is also present in
guano. So called from the yellow color of certain of its salts
(nitrates).
2. (Chem.) A yellow insoluble coloring
matter extracted from yellow flowers; specifically, the coloring
matter of madder. [Formerly written also
xanthein.]
3. (Chem.) One of the gaseous or
volatile decomposition products of the xanthates, and probably
identical with carbon disulphide. [Obs.]
Xan"thi*nine (?), n. [Gr.
xanqo`s yellow + quinine.]
(Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance related
to urea and uric acid, produced as a white powder; -- so called
because it forms yellow salts, and because its solution forms a
blue fluorescence like quinine.
\'d8Xan"thi*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. Xanthium strumarium, from xanqo`s
yellow.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants
in which the scales of the involucre are united so as to form a
kind of bur; cocklebur; clotbur.
Xan"tho- (?). A combining form from Gr.
xanqo`s yellow; as in xanthocobaltic salts.
Used also adjectively in chemistry.
Xan`tho*car"pous (?), a.
[Xantho- + Gr.
(Bot.) Having yellow fruit.
\'d8Xan*thoch"ro*i (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Xanthochroic.] (Ethnol.)
A division of the Caucasian races, comprising the
lighter-colored members.
The Xanthochroi, or fair whites, . . . are the
prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type may be
traced into North Africa, and eastward as far as Hindostan.
Tylor.
Xan`tho*chro"ic (?), a.
[Xantho- + Gr.
(Ethnol.) Having a yellowish or fair complexion;
of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi.
Xan`tho*don"tous (?), a.
[Xantho- + Gr.
Having yellow teeth.
Xan"tho*gen (?), n.
[Xantho- + -gen.]
(Chem.) (a) The hypothetical radical
supposed to be characteristic of xanthic acid.
[Archaic] (b) Persulphocyanogen.
[R.]
Xan"tho*gen*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of xanthic acid.
Xan`tho*gen"ic (?), a. [See
Xantho-, and -gen.] (Chem.)
Producing a yellow color or compound; xanthic. See
Xanthic acid, under Xanthic.
\'d8Xan*tho"ma (?), n. [NL.
See Xantho-, and -oma.] (Med.)
A skin disease marked by the development or irregular
yellowish patches upon the skin, especially upon the eyelids; --
called also xanthelasma.
Xan"tho*phane (?), n.
[Xantho- + Gr.
(Physiol.) The yellow pigment present in the
inner segments of the retina in animals. See
Chromophane.
Xan"tho*phyll (?), n.
[Xantho- + Gr. (Bot.)
A yellow coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and
also produced artificially from chlorophyll; -- formerly called
also phylloxanthin.
Xan"tho*pous (?), a.
[Xantho- + Gr.
(Bot.) Having a yellow stipe, or stem.
Xan`tho*pro*te"ic (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from,
xanthoprotein; showing the characters of xanthoprotein; as,
xanthoproteic acid; the xanthoproteic reaction
for albumin.
Xan`tho*pro"te*in (?), n.
[Xantho- + protein.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A yellow acid substance formed
by the action of hot nitric acid on albuminous or proteid matter.
It is changed to a deep orange-yellow color by the addition of
ammonia.
Xan`tho*puc"cine (?), n.
[Xantho- + puccoon +
-ine.] (Chem.) One of three
alkaloids found in the root of the yellow puccoon (Hydrastis
Canadensis). It is a yellow crystalline substance, and
resembles berberine.
Xan`tho*rham"nin (?), n.
[Xantho- + NL. Rhamnus, the generic
name of the plant bearing Persian berries.]
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Persian
berries as a yellow crystalline powder, used as a dyestuff.
Xan`tho*rhi"za (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow + "ri`za
root.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby
ranunculaceous plants of North America, including only the
species Xanthorhiza apiifolia, which has roots of a
deep yellow color; yellowroot. The bark is intensely bitter, and
is sometimes used as a tonic.
<-- p. 1671 -->
\'d8Xan`tho*rh (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants,
native to Australia, having a thick, sometimes arborescent, stem,
and long grasslike leaves. See Grass tree.
Xan"those (?), n. (Chem.)
An orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain
crabs.
\'d8Xan*tho"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. xanqo`s yellow.] (Med.)
The yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous
tumors.
Xan`tho*sper"mous (?), a.
[Xantho- + Gr.
(Bot.) Having yellow seeds.
Xan"thous (?), a. [Gr. Yellow; specifically (Ethnol.), of
or pertaining to those races of man which have yellowish, red,
auburn, or brown hair.
Xan*thox"y*lene (?), n. [See
Xanthoxylum.] (Chem.) A liquid
hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the seeds of a
Japanese prickly ash (Xanthoxylum pipertium) as an
aromatic oil.
\'d8Xan*thox"y*lum (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + xy`lon
wood.] (Bot.) A genus of prickly shrubs or
small trees, the bark and rots of which are of a deep yellow
color; prickly ash.
Xanthoxylum Americanum. See Prickly
ash, under Prickly.
Xe"bec (?), n. [Sp.
jabegue, formerly spelt xabeque, or Pg.
xabeco; both from Turk. sumbeki a kind of
Asiatic ship; cf. Per. sumbuk, Ar. sumb
a small ship.] (Naut.) A small three-masted
vessel, with projecting bow stern and convex decks, used in the
Mediterranean for transporting merchandise, etc. It carries large
square sails, or both. Xebecs were formerly armed and used by
corsairs.
Xeme (z, n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Arctic fork-tailed gull (Xema
Sabinii).
\'d8Xen`e*la"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Gr.
Antiq.) A Spartan institution which prohibited
strangers from residing in Sparta without permission, its object
probably being to preserve the national simplicity of
manners.
\'d8Xe"ni*um (?), n.; pl.
Xenia (#). [L., from Gr. (Class. Antiq.)
A present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign
ambassador.
\'d8Xen`o*do*chi"um (?), n.
[LL., fr. L. xenodochium a building for the
reception of strangers, Gr. (a)
(Class. Antiq.) A house for the reception of
strangers. (b) In the Middle Ages, a room in
a monastery for the reception and entertainment of strangers and
pilgrims, and for the relief of paupers. [Called also
Xenodocheion.]
Xe*nod"o*chy (?), n. [Gr.
Reception of strangers; hospitality.
[R.]
Xe*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr.
xe`nos strange, foreign +
(Bot.) Cross fertilization.
Xen`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr.
xe`nos a stranger + E. genesis.]
(Biol.) (a) Same as
Heterogenesis. (b) The fancied
production of an organism of one kind by an organism of
another.
Huxley.
Xen`o*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to xenogenesis; as,
the xenogenetic origin of microzymes.
Huxley.
Xen`o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr.
xe`nos strange + E. mania.] A
mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs,
institutions, manners, fashions, etc. [R.]
Saintsbury.
\'d8Xen"o*mi (?), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. xe`nos strange.] (Zo\'94l.)
A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the
blackfish of Alaska (Dallia pectoralis) is the
type.
\'d8Xe*nop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. xe`nos strange + (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of fishes
including Gobiesox and allied genera. These fishes
have soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker supported in front by
the pectoral fins. They are destitute of scales.
Xen"o*time (?), n. [Gr. xe`nos guest, stranger +
xenotim.] (Min.)
A native phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown
tetragonal crystals.
Xe*nu"rine (?), n. [Gr.
xe`nos strange +
(Zo\'94l.) A cabassou.
Xen"yl (?), n. [Gr.
xe`nos strange + -yl.]
(Chem.) The radical characteristic of xenylic
compounds.
Xe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, designating, certain amido
compounds obtained by reducing certain nitro derivatives of
diphenyl.
Xer"a*phim (?), n. [Pg.
xarafin, xerafin, fr. Ar.
ashraf\'c6 noble, the name of a gold coin.]
An old money of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of
a rupee.
Xer"es (?), n. Sherry. See
Sherry.
Xer"if (?), n. A shereef.
Xer"iff (?), n. [See
Shereef.] A gold coin formerly current in
Egypt and Turkey, of the value of about 9s. 6d., or about $2.30;
-- also, in Morocco, a ducat.
\'d8Xe`ro*der"ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) (a)
Ichthyosis. (b) A skin disease
characterized by the presence of numerous small pigmented spots
resembling freckles, with which are subsequently mingled spots of
atrophied skin.
Xe"ro*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of xeronic acid.
Xe*ron"ic (?), a. [Gr. conic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid,
C8H12O4, related to fumaric acid, and obtained
from citraconic acid as an oily substance having a bittersweet
taste; -- so called from its tendency to form its
anhydride.
Xe*roph"a*gy (?), n. [L.
xerophagia, Gr.
Among the primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry
food in Lent and on other fasts.
Xe*roph"i*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Drought-loving;
able withstand the absence or lack of moisture.
Plants which are peculiarly adapted to dry climates are termed
by De Candolle xerophilous.
Goodale.
\'d8Xe`roph*thal"mi*a (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. Ophthalmia.] (Med.) An abnormal
dryness of the eyeball produced usually by long-continued
inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the conjunctiva.
Xe`roph*thal"my (?), n.
(Med.) Xerophthalmia.
\'d8Xiph"i*as (?), n. [L., a
swordfish, a sword-shaped comet, fr. Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes
comprising the common swordfish.
2. (Anat.) (a) The
constellation Dorado. (b) A comet shaped
like a sword
\'d8Xi*phid"i*um (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. xi`fos sword.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the order
H\'91modrace\'91, having two-ranked, sword-shaped
leaves.
Xiph"i*oid (?), a.
[Xiphius + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
cetacean of the genus Xiphius or family
Xiphiid\'91.
\'d8Xiph"i*plas"tron (?), n.;
pl. Xiphiplastra (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + plastron.]
(Anat.) The posterior, or fourth, lateral plate
in the plastron of turtles; -- called also
xiphisternum.
\'d8Xiph"i*ster"num (?), n.;
pl. Xiphisterna (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. xi`fos a sword + sternum.]
(Anat.) (a) The posterior segment, or
extremity, of the sternum; -- sometimes called
metasternum, ensiform
cartilage, ensiform process, or
xiphoid process. (b) The
xiphiplastron. -- Xiph"i*ster"nal
(#) a.
\'d8Xiph"i*us (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. xi`fos a sword.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak,
usually two tusklike teeth in the lower jaw, but no teeth in the
upper jaw.
Xiph"o*don (?), n. [Gr.
xi`fos a sword +
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of artiodactylous
mammals found in the European Tertiary formations. It had slender
legs, didactylous feet, and small canine teeth.
Xiph"oid (?; 277), a. [Gr. xi`fos a sword + xiphoide.] (Anat.) (a)
Like a sword; ensiform. (b) Of or
pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian.
Xiph*oid"i*an (?), a.
(Anat.) Xiphoid.
Xi*phoph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr.
xi`fos sword + (Bot.)
Having sword-shaped leaves.
\'d8Xiph`o*su"ra (?), n. pl.
See Xiphura.
\'d8Xi*phu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. xi`fos sword +
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Limuloidea. Called
also Xiphosura.
X ray. See under Ray.
Xy*lam"ide (?), n.
[Xylic + amide.]
(Chem.) An acid amide derivative of xylic acid,
obtained as a white crystalline substance.
Xy*lan"thrax (?), n. [Gr.
xy`lon wood + Wood coal, or
charcoal; -- so called in distinction from mineral
coal.
Xy"late (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of xylic acid.
Xy"lem (?), n. [Gr.
xy`lon wood.] (Bot.) That
portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will
develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from
phlo\'89m.
Xy"lene (?), n. [Gr.
xy`lon wood.] (Chem.) Any of a
group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series,
found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude
wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids,
C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are
called respectively orthoxylene,
metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called
also xylol.
Xy"le*nol (?), n.
[Xylene + -ol.]
(Chem.) Any one of six metameric phenol
derivatives of xylene, obtained as crystalline substances,
(CH3)2.C6H3.OH.
Xy*let"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to
mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance by
the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol.
Xy"lic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, xylene;
specifically, designating any one of several metameric acids
produced by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and
pseudo-cumene.
Xy*lid"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, either one of two distinct
acids which are derived from xylic acid and related compounds,
and are metameric with uvitic acid.
Xy"li*dine (?), n.
(Chem.) Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons,
(CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related
to xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline
substances, of which three are derived from metaxylene, two from
orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They are called the
amido xylenes.
Xy*lin"de*in (?), n.
(Chem.) A green or blue pigment produced by
Peziza in certain kinds of decayed wood, as the beech, oak,
birch, etc., and extracted as an amorphous powder resembling
indigo.
Xy"lite (?), n. [Gr.
xy`lon wood.] (Chem.) A liquid
hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits.
Xy"li*tone (?), n.
(Chem.) A yellow oil having a geraniumlike odor,
produced as a side product in making phorone; -- called also
xylite oil.
Xy"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr.
xy`lon wood; as in xylogen,
xylograph.
\'d8Xy`lo*bal"sa*mum (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + xylobalsamum balsam wood, Gr.
(Med.) The dried twigs of a Syrian
tree (Balsamodendron Gileadense).
U. S. Disp.
Xy`lo*car"pous (?), a.
[Xylo- + Gr. (Bot.)
Bearing fruit which becomes hard or woody.
\'d8Xy*loc"o*pa (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hymenopterous
insects including the carpenter. See Carpenter bee,
under Carpenter. --
Xy*loc"o*pine (#),
a.
Xy"lo*gen (?), n.
[Xylo- + -gen.] (a)
(Bot.) Nascent wood; wood cells in a forming
state. (b) Lignin.
Xy"lo*graph (?), n.
[Xylo- + -graph.] An
engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a
print by xylography.
Xy*log"ra*pher (?), n. One who
practices xylography.
{ Xy`lo*graph"ic (?),
Xy`lo*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. xylographique.] Of or
pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.
Xy*log"ra*phy (?), n.
[Xylo- + -graphy: cf. F.
xylographie.]
1. The art of engraving on wood.
2. The art of making prints from the natural grain
of wood.
Knight.
3. A method pf printing in colors upon wood for
purposes of house decoration.
Ure.
Xy"loid (?), a.
[Xylo- + -oid.] Resembling
wood; having the nature of wood.
Xy*loid"in (?), n.
[Xylo- + -oid.]
(Chem.) A substance resembling pyroxylin,
obtained by the action of nitric acid on starch; -- called also
nitramidin.
Xy"lol (?), n.
[Xylo- + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.) Same as Xylene.
Xy"lon*ite (?), n. See
Zylonite.
\'d8Xy*loph"a*ga (?), n. [NL.
See Xylophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are
allied to Pholas.
Xy*loph"a*gan (?), n. [See
Xylophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
One of a tribe of beetles whose larv\'91 bore or live in
wood. (b) Any species of Xylophaga.
(c) Any one of the Xylophagides.
\'d8Xy`lo*phag"i*des (?), n. pl.
[See Xylophagous.] (Zo\'94l.)
A tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larv\'91 live in
decayed wood. Some of the tropical species are very large.
Xy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. xy`lon wood +
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Eating, boring in, or
destroying, wood; -- said especially of certain insect larv\'91,
crustaceans, and mollusks. (b) Of or
pertaining to the genus Xylophaga.
Xy*loph"i*lan (?), n. [See
Xylophilous.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a
tribe of beetles (Xylophili) whose larv\'91 live on
decayed wood.
Xy*loph"i*lous (?), a.
[Xylo- + Gr. filei^n to love.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
xylophilans.
Xy"lo*phone (?), n.
[Xylo- + Gr. fwnh` sound.]
1. (Mus.) An instrument common among the
Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of
wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting
on belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in
Germany strohfiedel, or straw
fiddle.
2. An instrument to determine the vibrative
properties of different kinds of wood.
Knight.
Xy`lo*plas"tic (?), a.
[Xylo- + -plastic.]
(Technol.) Formed of wood pulp by molds; relating
to casts made of wood pulp in molds.
Xy`lo*py*rog"ra*phy (?). n.
[Xylo- + Gr. -graphy.] The art or practice of burning
pictures on wood with a hot iron; -- called also poker
painting. See Poker picture, under
Poker.<-- also, wood burning. -->
<-- p. 1672 -->
Xy`lo*qui"none (?), n.
[Xylene + quinone.]
(Chem.) Any one of a group of quinone compounds
obtained respectively by the oxidation of certain xylidine
compounds. In general they are yellow crystalline
substances.
Xy*lor"cin (?), n.
[Xylene + orcin.]
(Chem.) A derivative of xylene obtained as a
white crystalline substance which on exposure in the air becomes
red; -- called also betaorcin.
Xy*los"te*in (?), n.
[Xylo- + Gr. (Chem.)
A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of
honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and extracted as a
bitter, white, crystalline substance.
Xy"to*tile (?), n. Same as
Parkesine.
\'d8Xy*lo"try*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. xy`lon wood +
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves closely
allied to Teredo, and equally destructive to timber. One species
(Xylotrya fimbriata) is very common on the Atlantic
coast of the United States.
Xy"lyl (?), n.
[Xylo- + -yl.]
(Chem.) Any one of three metameric radicals which
are characteristic respectively of the three xylenes.
Xy"lyl*ene (?), n.
(Chem.) Any one of three metameric radicals,
CH2.C6H4.CH2, derived respectively from the
three xylenes. Often used adjectively; as, xylylene
alcohol.
Xyr`i*da"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
(Xyride\'91) of endogenous plants, of which Xyris is
the type.
\'d8Xy"ris (?), n. [L., a kind
of Iris, Gr. (Bot.)
A genus of endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small
yellow flowers in short, scaly-bracted spikes; yellow-eyed grass.
There are about seventeen species in the Atlantic United
States.
{ Xyst (?), \'d8Xys"tus
(?), } n. [L. xystus,
Gr. (Anc. Arch.) A long
and open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, running,
etc., for use in winter or in stormy weather.
Xyst"arch (?), n. [L.
xystarches, Gr.
(Gr. Antiq.) An office
Dr. W. Smith.
Xys"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Surg.) An instrument for
scraping bo
Y.
Y (?). Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the
English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except
when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant;
as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a
syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation,
It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the
Greek u, i, o,
and j. g; as in full,
fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt,
grotto; young, juvenile;
day, AS. d\'91g. See U,
I, and J, G.
Pythagorean letter,
because the Greek letter
Y (?), n.; pl. Y's
( or Ys. Something
shaped like the letter Y; a forked
piece resembling in form the letter
Y. Specifically: (a)
One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a
leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye.
(b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting.
(c) (Railroads) A portion of track
consisting of two diverging tracks connected by a cross
track.
Y level (Surv.), an instrument for
measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in
Y's. -- Y moth
(Zo\'94l.), a handsome European noctuid moth
Plusia gamma) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped
like the letter Y, on each of the fore
wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white species,
feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also
gamma moth, and silver
Y.
Y (?), pron. I.
[Obs.]
King Horn. Wyclif.
{ Y- (?), I- }.
[OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin
to D. & G. ge-, OHG. gi-, ga-,
Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-;
originally meaning, together. Cf. Com-, Aware,
Enough, Handiwork, Ywis.] A
prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs, adverbs,
adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle English period, it
was little employed except with verbs, being chiefly used with
past participles, though occasionally with the infinitive
Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only
word not entirely obsolete which shows this use.
That no wight mighte it see neither yheere.
Chaucer.
Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent.
Chaucer.
ibe, ibeen, icaught,
ycome, ydo, idoon,
ygo, iproved, ywrought. It
inough, enough, it is combined with an
adjective. Other examples are in the Vocabulary.
Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix when
affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it
incorrectly.
Ya (?), adv. Yea.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yac"a*re` (?), n. [See
Jacare.] (Zo\'94l.) A South
American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the
alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected
together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also
spectacled alligator, and spectacled
cayman. [Written also
jacare.]
Yac"ca (?), n. (Bot.)
A West Indian name for two large timber trees
(Podocarpus coriaceus, and P. Purdicanus)
of the Yew family. The wood, which is much used, is pale brownish
with darker streaks.
Yacht (?), n. [D.
jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a jagen to chase, hunt, akin to G.
jagen, OHG. jag, of uncertain origin;
or perhaps akin to OHG. g\'behi quick, sudden (cf.
Gay).] (Naut.) A light and
elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of
pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished persons
from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for
pleasure trips, racing, etc.
Yacht measurement. See the Note under
Tonnage, 4.
Yacht, v. i. To manage a yacht; to
voyage in a yacht.
Yacht"er (?), n. One engaged in
sailing a jacht.
Yacht"ing, n. Sailing for pleasure in a
yacht.
Yacht"man (?), n. See
Yachtsman.
Yachts"man (?), n.; pl.
Yachtsmen (. One who owns or
sails a yacht; a yachter.
Yaf (?), obs. imp. of
Give. [AS. geaf, imp. of
giefan to give. See Give] Gave.
See Give.
Chaucer.
Yaf"fin*gale (?), n. [See
Yaffle, and cf. Nightingale.]
(Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. [Prov.
Eng.]
Yaf"fle (?), n. [Probably
imitative of its call or cry.] (Zo\'94l.)
The European green woodpecker (Picus, ). It is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called
also eccle, hewhole,
highhoe, laughing bird,
popinjay, rain bird,
yaffil, yaffler,
yaffingale, yappingale,
yackel, and woodhack.
Ya"ger (?; 277), n. [G.
j\'84ger a hunter, from jagen to chase,
hunt.] (Mil.) In the German army, one
belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles,
resembling the chasseur of the French army.
[Written also jager.]
Ya`gua*run"di (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Jaguarondi.
[Written also yaguarondi, and
yagouarondi.]
\'d8Yaj"ur-Ve"da (?), n. [Skr.
yajur-v.] See Veda.
Yak (?), n. [Thibetan
gyag.] (Zo\'94l.) A bovine
mammal (Po\'89phagus grunnies) native of the high
plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and
its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail
is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and
for other purposes in India and China. There are several
domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long
hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua,
grunting cow, grunting ox,
sarlac, sarlik, and
sarluc.
Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the
silky hair of the yak.
Yak"a*milk (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Trumpeter, 3
(a).
Yak"a*re` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Yacare.
Ya"kin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A large Asiatic antelope (Budorcas taxicolor)
native of the higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty
mountains. Its head and neck resemble those of the ox, and its
tail is like that of the goat. Called also
budorcas.
Ya*koots" (?), n. pl.; sing.
Yakoot (.
(Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern
Siberia, and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly
pastoral in their habits. [Written also
Yakuts.]
\'d8Yak"sha (?), n.
[Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.) A kind of
demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth.
Ya"lah (?), n. The oil of the
mahwa tree.
Yam (?), n. [Pg.
inhame, probably from some native name.]
(Bot.) A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of
various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also,
the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The
plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three
broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but
several others are cultivated.
Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea
Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most
of the other species. -- Wild yam. (a)
A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern
United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock.
(b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia
sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.
\'d8Ya"ma (?), n. [Skr.
yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.) The
king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek Pluto,
and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is more
exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor
of the wicked. He is represented as of a green color, with red
garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and
sitting on a buffalo, with a club and noose in his hands.
Yam"ma (?), n. [See
Llama.] (Zo\'94l.) The
llama.
Yamp (?), n. (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant (Carum Gairdneri); also,
its small fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho
to California.
Yang (?), n. [Of imitative
origin.] The cry of the wild goose; a honk.
Yang, v. i. To make the cry of the wild
goose.
Yank (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
yank a sudden and severe blow.] A jerk or
twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]
Yank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Yanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Yanking.] To twitch; to jerk.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Yank, n. An abbreviation of
Yankee. [Slang]
Yan"kee (?), n. [Commonly
considered to be a corrupt pronunciation of the word
English, or of the French word Anglais, by
the native Indians of America. According to Thierry, a corruption
of Jankin, a diminutive of John, and a
nickname given to the English colonists of Connecticut by the
Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon (\'bdHist. of the Amer.
War,\'b8 ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a favorite
cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and that it
meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse,
yankee good cider, etc. Cf. Scot yankie a
sharp, clever, and rather bold woman, and Prov. E.
bow-yankees a kind of leggins worn by agricultural
laborers.] A nickname for a native of citizen of New
England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by
extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished
from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any
inhabitant of the United States.
From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose,
And still to meanness all his conduct flows.
Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765).
Yan"kee, a. Of or pertaining to a
Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees.
The alertness of the Yankee aspect.
Hawthorne.
Yankee clover. (Bot.) See
Japan clover, under Japan.
Yan`kee-Doo"dle (?), n. 1.
The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the national
airs of the United States.
2. Humorously, a Yankee.
We might have withheld our political noodles
From knocking their heads against hot
Yankee-Doodles.
Moore.
Yan"kee*ism (?), n. A Yankee
idiom, word, custom, or the like.
Lowell.
\'d8Yaourt (?), n. [Turk.
yoghurt.] A fermented drink, or milk beer,
made by the Turks.<-- now yoghurt-->
Yap (?), v. i. [Icel.
gj\'belpa; akin to yelp. Cf.
Yaup.] To bark; to yelp.
L'Estrange.
Yap (?), n. A bark; a
yelp.
Ya"pock (?; 277), n. [Probably
from the river Oyapok, between French Guiana and
Brazil.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American
aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found in
Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do
not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called also
water opossum. [Written also
yapack.]
<-- p. 1673 -->
Ya"pon (?; 277), n.
(Bot.) Same as Yaupon.
Yar"age (?; 48), n. [See
Yare, a.] (Naut.) The
power of moving, or being managed, at sea; -- said with reference
to a ship.
Sir T. North.
Yard (?), n. [OE.
yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod,
ierde, OS.
gerda, D. garde, G. gerte, OHG.
gartia, gerta, gart, Icel.
gaddr a goad, sting, Goth. gazds, and
probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf. Gad,
n., Gird, n., Gride,
v. i., Hastate.]
1. A rod; a stick; a staff.
[Obs.]
P. Plowman.
If men smote it with a yerde.
Chaucer.
2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.]
The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain
Destroyed hath the green in every yerd.
Chaucer.
3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc.
[Obs.]
4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or
thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American
measure.
5. The penis.
6. (Naut.) A long piece of timber,
nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to
support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the
center to the mast. See Illust. of
Ship.
Golden Yard, Yard and
Ell (Astron.), a popular name the
three stars in the belt of Orion. -- Under yard
[i. e., under the rod], under contract.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yard, n. [OE. yard,
yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries.
garda garden, OS. gardo garden,
gard yard, D. gaard garden, G.
garten, OHG. garto garden, gari
inclosure, Icel. gar yard, house, Sw.
g\'86rd, Dan. g, Goth.
gards a house, garda sheepfold, L.
hortus garden, Gr. Court, Garden, Garth,
Horticulture, Orchard.]
1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in
front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a
courtyard; a cowyard; a
barnyard.
A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks
In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer.
Chaucer.
2. An inclosure within which any work or business
is carried on; as, a dockyard; a
shipyard.
Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to
persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within
any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to
go beyond those limits. -- Prison yard, an
inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. -- Yard
grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass
(Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common
in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United
States. Called also crab grass. --
Yard of land. See Yardland.
Yard, v. t. To confine (cattle) to the
yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard
cows.
Yard"arm` (?), n. (Naut.)
Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the
center or mast to the end.
yardarm and yardarm
when so near as to touch, or interlock yards.
Yard"ful (?), n.; pl.
Yardfuls (. As much as a yard
will contain; enough to fill a yard.
Yard"land` (?), n. (O. Eng.
Law) A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying
from fifteen to forty acres; a virgate.
[Obs.]
Yard"stick` (?), n. A stick
three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth,
etc.
Yard"wand` (?), n. A
yardstick.
Tennyson.
Yare (?), a. [OE.
yare, \'f4aru, AS. gearu; akin
to OS. garu, OHG. garo, G. gar,
Icel. gerr perfect, g\'94rva quite, G.
gerben to tan, to curry, OHG. garawen,
garwen, to make ready. Cf. Carouse,
Garb clothing, Gear, n.]
Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move.
[Obs.] \'bdBe yare in thy
preparation.\'b8
Shak.
The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and is
yare; whereas the greater is slow.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Yare, adv. Soon.
[Obs.]
Cursor Mundi.
Yare"ly, adv. In a yare manner.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Yark (?), v. t. & i. To
yerk. [Prov. Eng.]
Yar"ke (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Saki.
Yarn (?), n. [OE.
yarn, \'f4arn, AS. gearn; akin
to D. garen, G., OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan.
garn; of uncertain origin. Cf. Cord.]
1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other
material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and
prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing
thread, or the like.
2. (Rope Making) One of the threads of
which the strands of a rope are composed.
3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of
his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a
yarn. [Colloq.]
Yarn"en (?), a. Made of yarn;
consisting of yarn. [Obs.] \'bdA pair of
yarnen stocks.\'b8
Turbervile.
Yar"nut` (?), n. (Bot.)
See Yernut.
Yarr (?), v. i. [OE.
\'f4arren.] To growl or snarl as a
dog. [Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Yar"rish (?), a. [Prov. E.
yar sour, yare brackish.] Having
a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.]
Yar"row (?), n. [OE.
yarowe, yarwe, \'f4arowe, AS.
gearwe; akin to D. gerw, OHG.
garwa, garawa, G. garbe,
schafgarbe, and perhaps to E. yare.]
(Bot.) An American and European composite plant
(Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected
leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and
somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in
making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also
milfoil, and
nosebleed.
Yar"whip` (?), n. [So called
from its sharp cry uttered when taking wing.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European bar-tailed godwit; --
called also yardkeep, and yarwhelp.
See Godwit. [Prov. Eng.]
Yat"a*ghan (?), n. [Turk.
y\'bet\'begh\'ben.] A long knife, or short
saber, common among Mohammedan nations, usually having a double
curve, sometimes nearly straight. [Written also
ataghan, attaghan.]
Chaucer.
Yate (?), n. A gate. See 1st
Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Spenser.
Yaud (?), n. See
Yawd. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Yaul (?), n. (Naut.)
See Yawl.
Yaulp (?), v. i. To yaup.
Yaup (?), v. i. [See
Yap, and Yelp.] To cry out like a
child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
[Written also yawp.]
Yaup, n. [Written also
yawp.]
1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry
of a sickly bird, or of a child in pain. [Scot. &
Colloq. U. S.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) The blue titmouse.
[Prov. Eng.]
Yaup"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, yaups.
Yau"pon (?), n. (Bot.)
A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family,
native from Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are
used as a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing
the black drink of the Indians of North Carolina.
Called also South-Sea tea.
[Written also yapon, youpon, and
yupon.]
Yaw (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Yawed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Yawing.] [Cf. Yew,
v. i.] To rise in blisters, breaking in
white froth, as cane juice in the clarifiers in sugar
works.
Yaw, v. i. & t. [Cf. Prov. G.
gagen to rock, gageln to totter, shake,
Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr
bent back, gaga to throw the neck back.]
(Naut.) To steer wild, or out of the line of her
course; to deviate from her course, as when struck by a heavy
sea; -- said of a ship.
Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing
being out of the question.
Lowell.
Yaw, n. (Naut.) A movement of
a vessel by which she temporarily alters her course; a deviation
from a straight course in steering.
Yawd (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.] A
jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also
yaud.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Grose.
Yawl (?), n. [D.
jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw.
julle. Cf. Jolly-boat.]
(Naut.) A small ship's boat, usually rowed by
four or six oars. [Written also
yaul.]
Yawl, v. i. [OE. \'f4aulen,
\'f4oulen, gaulen, goulen, Icel.
gaula to low, bellow. Cf. Gowl.]
To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell.
Tennyson.
There howling Scyllas yawling round about.
Fairfax.
Yawl"-rigged" (?), a.
(Naut.) Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails,
but differing from a schooner in that the after mast is very
small, and stepped as far aft as possible. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Yawn (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Yawned (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Yawning.]
[OE. yanien, \'f4anien,
ganien, gonien, AS. g\'benian;
akin to ginian to yawn, g\'c6nan to yawn,
open wide, G. g\'84hnen to yawn, OHG.
gin, gein, Icel.
g\'c6na to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav.
zijati to yawn, L. hiare to gape, yawn; and
perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. b. Cf. Begin, Gin to begin,
Hiatus.]
1. To open the mouth involuntarily through
drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate.
\'bdThe lazy, yawning drone.\'b8
Shak.
And while above he spends his breath,
The yawning audience nod beneath.
Trumbull.
2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the
entrance or exit of anything.
't is now the very witching time of night,
When churchyards yawn.
Shak.
3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise
or bewilderment.
Shak.
4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to
express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat
livings. \'bdOne long, yawning gaze.\'b8
Landor.
Yawn, n. 1. An involuntary act,
excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a deep and long
inspiration following several successive attempts at inspiration,
the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open.
One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous
yawn in all present.
N. Chipman.
2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping.
Addison.
3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway.
[R.]
Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let
loose
Imprisoned spirits.
Marston.
Yawn"ing*ly, adv. In a yawning
manner.
Yawp (?), v. & n. See
Yaup.
Yaws (?), n. [African
yaw a raspberry.] (Med.) A
disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterized
by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious character, which,
in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries,
or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease,
variously known as framb\'d2sia,
pian, verrugas, and
crab-yaws.
Yaw"-weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant (Morinda Royoc)
growing along the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small,
white, odorous flowers.
Y*be" (?), obs. p. p.
of Be. Been.
Chaucer.
Y*cleped" (?), p. p. [AS.
geclipod, p. p. of clipian,
cleopian, cliopian, to call. See
Clepe, and also the Note under Y-.]
Called; named; -- obsolete, except in archaic or humorous
writings. [Spelt also yclept.]
It is full fair to ben yclept madame.
Chaucer.
But come, thou goddess fair and free.
In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne.
Milton.
Those charming little missives ycleped
valentines.
Lamb.
Y*do" (?), obs. p. p.
of Do. Done.
Chaucer.
Y*drad" (?), obs. p. p.
of Dread. Dreaded.
Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad.
Spenser.
{Ye, Ye (?)},
an old method of printing the article the (AS.
), the \'bdy\'b8 being used in place of the
Anglo-Saxon thorn (y\'c7. See The, and Thorn,
n., 4.
Y"\'89 (e), n.;
pl. Y\'89n (. An
eye. [Obs.]
From his y\'89n ran the water down.
Chaucer.
Ye (y, pron. [OE.
ye, \'f4e, nom. pl., AS. ge,
g; cf. OS. ge, g\'c6,
OFries. g\'c6, \'c6, D. gij,
Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. , OHG.
ir, G. ihr, Goth. jus, Lith.
jus, Gr. yuyam.
The plural of the pronoun of the second
person in the nominative case.
Ye ben to me right welcome heartily.
Chaucer.
But ye are washed, but ye are
sanctified.
1 Cor. vi. 11.
This would cost you your life in case ye were a
man.
Udall.
ye was used only as a
nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In
the 16th century, however, ye and you
became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as
nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded
ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You,
and also the first Note under Thou.
Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye.
Shak.
I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell
ye.
Dryden.
Ye (?), adv. [See
Yea.] Yea; yes. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yea (y,
adv. [OE. ye, ya,
\'f4e, \'f4a, AS. ge\'a0; akin
to OFries. g, i, OS., D., OHG., G.,
Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, j\'be, Goth.
ja, jai, and probably to Gr. Yes.]
1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an
affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now
superseded by yes. See Yes.
Let your communication be yea, yea; nay,
nay.
Matt. v. 37.
2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to
mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf.
Nay, adv., 2.
I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice.
Phil. i. 18.
Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with
the sense of indeed, verily,
truly. \'bdYea, hath God said, Ye shall not
eat of every tree of the garden?\'b8
Gen. iii. 1.
Yea, n. An affirmative vote; one who
votes in the affirmative; as, a vote by yeas and
nays.
yea is used as a sign
of certainty or stability. \'bdAll the promises of God in him are
yea, and in him Amen.\'b8
2 Cor. i. 20.
Yead (?), v. i. Properly, a
variant of the defective imperfect yode, but sometimes
mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede.
[Obs.]
Years yead away and faces fair deflower.
Drant.
Yean (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Yeaned (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.]
[AS. e\'a0nian, or gee\'a0nian;
perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to L.
agnus, Gr. Ean.] To bring
forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean.
Shak.
Yean"ling (?), n.
[Yean + -ling. Cf.
Eanling.] A lamb or a kid; an eanling.
Shak.
Year (?), n. [OE.
yer, yeer, \'f4er, AS.
ge\'a0r; akin to OFries. i,
g, D. jaar, OHG. j\'ber, G.
jahr, Icel. \'ber, Dan. aar, Sw.
\'86r, Goth. j, Gr. y\'bere year. Hour,
Yore.]
1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun
trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making
its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical
year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with
this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called
the civil year; as, the common lunar year
of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the
year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year
consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called
bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day
being added to February on that year, on account of the excess
above 365 days (see Bissextile).
Of twenty year of age he was, I guess.
Chaucer.
civil, or legal,
year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of
March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions
till the year 1752.
2. The time in which any planet completes a
revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or
of Saturn.
3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man
in years.
Shak.
Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's
revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365
days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. -- A year's
mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased
person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's
mind, under Month. -- Bissextile
year. See Bissextile. -- Canicular
year. See under Canicular. -- Civil
year, the year adopted by any nation for the
computation of time. -- Common lunar year,
the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. --
Common year, each year of 365 days, as
distinguished from leap year. --
Embolismic year, Intercalary lunar
year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384
days. -- Fiscal year (Com.), the
year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one
annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and
another. -- Great year. See Platonic
year, under Platonic. --
Gregorian year, Julian year.
See under Gregorian, and Julian. --
Leap year. See Leap year, in the
Vocabulary. -- Lunar astronomical year, the
period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48
minutes, 36 seconds. -- Lunisolar year. See
under Lunisolar. -- Periodical year.
See Anomalistic year, above. --
Platonic year, Sabbatical
year. See under Platonic, and
Sabbatical. -- Sidereal year, the
time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to
the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3
seconds. -- Tropical year. See under
Tropical. -- Year and a day (O.
Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event,
in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all
question. Abbott. -- Year of grace,
any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or
a. d.
Ye*a"ra (?), n. (Bot.)
The California poison oak (Rhus diversiloba).
See under Poison, a.
Year"book` (?), n. 1.
A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the
statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference
book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.
2. (Eng. Law) A book containing annual
reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England.
<-- p. 1674 -->
Yearbooks are the oldest English
reports extant, beginning with the reign of Edward II., and
ending with the reign of Henry VIII. They were published
annually, and derive their name from that fact. They consist of
eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law French, and extend
over nearly two hundred years. There are, however, several
hiatuses, or chasms, in the series.
Kent. Bouvier.
Yeared (?), a. Containing
years; having existed or continued many years; aged.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Year"ling (?), n.
[Year + -ling.] An animal
one year old, or in the second year of its age; -- applied
chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.
Year"ling, a. Being a year old.
\'bdA yearling bullock to thy name small smoke.\'b8
Pope.
Year"ly (?), a. [AS.
ge\'a0rlic.]
1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year;
annual; as, a yearly income; a yearly
feast.
2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly
plant.
3. Accomplished in a year; as, the
yearly circuit, or revolution, of the earth.
Shak.
Year"ly, adv. [AS.
ge\'a0rlice.] Annually; once a year to
year; as, blessings yearly bestowed.
Yearly will I do this rite.
Shak.
Yearn (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Yearned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Yearning.] [Also earn,
ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to
grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or
geierman, geyrman, fr. earm
wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel.
armr, Goth. arms. The y- in
English is perhaps due to the AS. ge (see
Y-).] To pain; to grieve; to vex.
[Obs.] \'bdShe laments, sir, for it, that it would
yearn your heart to see it.\'b8
Shak.
It yearns me not if men my garments wear.
Shak.
Yearn, v. i. To be pained or distressed;
to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.] \'bdFalstaff he
is dead, and we must yearn therefore.\'b8
Shak.
Yearn, v. i. & t. [See
Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk.
[Scot.]
Yearn, v. i. [OE. yernen,
, , AS.
geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn
desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern desirous,
girnean, gernean, to desire, D.
gaarne gladly, willingly, G. gern, OHG.
gerno, adv., gern, a., G. gier
greed, OHG. gir\'c6 greed, ger desirous,
ger to desire, G. begehren, Icel.
girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth.
fa\'a1huga\'a1rns covetous, ga\'a1rnjan to
desire, and perhaps to Gr. hary to desire, to like. To be
filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered uneasy
with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with
emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager.
Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon
his brother; and he sought where to weep.
Gen. xliii. 30.
Your mother's heart yearns towards you.
Addison.
Yearn"ful (?), a. [OE.
, AS. geornfull.]
Desirous. [Obs.]
Ormulum. P. Fletcher.
Yearn"ing*ly, adv. With yearning.
Yearn"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf. AS.
geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th
Earn.] The maws, or stomachs, of young
calves, used a rennet for curdling milk.
[Scot.]
Yearth (?), n. The earth.
[Obs.] \'bdIs my son dead or hurt or on the
yerthe felled?\'b8
Ld. Berners.
Yeast (?), n. [OE.
\'f4eest, \'f4est, AS. gist;
akin to D. gest, gist, G.
gischt, g\'84scht, OHG. jesan,
jerian, to ferment, G. gischen,
g\'84schen, g\'84hren, Gr. zei^n to boil, Skr. yas.
1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or
the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in
fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and
under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or
farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for
bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm;
ferment.
2. Spume, or foam, of water.
They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar
Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar.
Byron.
<-- 3. A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded
cells, rather than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp.
members of the orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi
may grow both as a yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the
conditions of growth. -->
Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the
live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently
transportable substitute for yeast. -- Yeast
plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or
fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed
of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an
inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by
budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of
spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus.
See Saccharomyces. -- Yeast powder,
a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in leavening
bread.
Yeast"-bit`ten (?), a.
(Brewing) A term used of beer when the froth of
the yeast has re\'89ntered the body of the beer.
Yeast"i*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.
Yeast"y (?), a. Frothy; foamy;
spumy, like yeast.
Yed"ding (?), n. [AS.
geddung, gidding, giedding, from
gieddian, giddian, to sing, speak.]
The song of a minstrel; hence, any song.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yede (?), obs. imp.
Went. See Yode.
All as he bade fulfilled was indeed
This ilke servant anon right out yede.
Chaucer.
yode. It is,
however, only a variant of yode. See Yode,
and cf. Yead.
[He] on foot was forced for to yeed.
Spenser
Yeel (?), n. An eel.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Yeld"hall` (?), n.
Guildhall. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{Yel"drin (?) Yel"drine
}, n. [Cf. Yellow.]
(Zo\'94l.) The yellow-hammer; -- called also
yeldrock, and
yoldrin. [Prov. Eng.]
Yelk (?), n. Same as
Yolk.
Yell (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Yelled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.]
[OE. yellen, , AS.
giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to
D. gillen, OHG. gellan, G.
gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw.
g\'84lla to ring, resound, and to AS., OS., & OHG.
galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st
Gale, and Nightingale.] To cry out,
or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony
or horror.
They yelleden as feendes doon in helle.
Chaucer.
Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells.
Spenser.
Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round
Environed thee; some howled, some yelled.
Milton.
Yell (?), v. t. To utter or
declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone.
Shak.
Yell, n. A sharp, loud, hideous
outcry.
Their hideous yells
Rend the dark welkin.
J. Philips.
Yel"low (?), a.
[Compar. Yellower (?);
superl. Yellowest.] [OE.
yelow, yelwe, \'f4elow,
\'f4eoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D.
geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb,
Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul,
L. helvus light bay, Gr. hari tawny, yellowish.
Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid,
Gold, Yolk.] Being of a bright
saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue
of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is
between the orange and the green.
Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a
tress.
Chaucer.
A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought
First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf.
Milton.
The line of yellow light dies fast away.
Keble.
Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal
affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration,
and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The
marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and
jaundice. -- Yellow bark, calisaya bark.
-- Yellow bass (Zo\'94l.), a North
American fresh-water bass (Morone interrupta) native
of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is
yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars.
Called also barfish. -- Yellow
berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian
berry, under Persian. -- Yellow
boy, a gold coin, as a guinea.
[Slang] Arbuthnot. -- Yellow
brier. (Bot.) See under Brier.
-- Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European
labiate plant (Ajuga Cham\'91pitys). --
Yellow bunting (Zo\'94l.), the European
yellow-hammer. -- Yellow cat
(Zo\'94l.), a yellow catfish; especially, the
bashaw. -- Yellow copperas (Min.),
a hydrous sulphate of iron; -- called also
copiapite. -- Yellow copper
ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites.
See Chalcopyrite. -- Yellow cress
(Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant
(Barbarea pr\'91cox), sometimes grown as a salad
plant. -- Yellow dock. (Bot.) See
the Note under Dock. -- Yellow earth,
a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow
pigment. -- Yellow fever (Med.), a
malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended
with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the
black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary.
-- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See
under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. --
Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See
under 2d Jack. (b) The quarantine
flag. See under Quarantine. -- Yellow
jacket (Zo\'94l.), any one of several
species of American social wasps of the genus Vespa,
in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These
wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful
stings. -- Yellow lead ore (Min.),
wulfenite. -- Yellow lemur
(Zo\'94l.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow
macauco (Zo\'94l.), the kinkajou. --
Yellow mackerel (Zo\'94l.), the
jurel. -- Yellow metal. Same as Muntz
metal, under Metal. -- Yellow
ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of
brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. -- Yellow
oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant
(Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye
daisy. -- Yellow perch (Zo\'94l.),
the common American perch. See Perch. --
Yellow pike (Zo\'94l.), the
wall-eye. -- Yellow pine (Bot.),
any of several kinds of pine; also, their yellowish and
generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable
species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of
the Eastern and Southern States, and P. ponderosa and
P. Arizonica of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific
States. -- Yellow plover (Zo\'94l.),
the golden plover. -- Yellow precipitate
(Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown
down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate
to limewater. -- Yellow puccoon.
(Bot.) Same as Orangeroot. --
Yellow rail (Zo\'94l.), a small
American rail (Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the
lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is
streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with
white. Called also yellow crake. --
Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket.
(Bot.) See under Rattle, and
Rocket. -- Yellow Sally
(Zo\'94l.), a greenish or yellowish European stone
fly of the genus Chloroperla; -- so called by
anglers. -- Yellow sculpin (Zo\'94l.),
the dragonet. -- Yellow snake
(Zo\'94l.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus
inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten
long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black,
and anteriorly with black lines. -- Yellow spot.
(a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a
central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the
retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) A small American butterfly
(Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are
brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of
the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also
Peck's skipper. See Illust.
under Skipper, n., 5. -- Yellow
tit (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species
of crested titmice of the genus Machlolophus, native
of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and
green. -- Yellow viper (Zo\'94l.),
the fer-de-lance. -- Yellow warbler
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American
warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the
predominant color is yellow, especially D. \'91stiva,
which is a very abundant and familiar species; -- called also
garden warbler, golden
warbler, summer yellowbird,
summer warbler, and yellow-poll
warbler. -- Yellow wash
(Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in
water, -- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to
limewater. -- Yellow wren (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The European willow warbler. (b)
The European wood warbler.
Yel"low, n. 1. A bright golden
color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the
color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange
and green. \'bdA long motley coat guarded with
yellow.\'b8
Shak.
2. A yellow pigment.
Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow,
Indigo yellow, King's yellow,
etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc.
-- Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used
in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic
lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic
lead nitrate, and common salt. -- Patent yellow
(Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting
essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called also
Turner's yellow.
Yel"low (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Yellowed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Yellowing.] To make yellow; to cause to
have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.
Yel"low, v. i. To become yellow or
yellower.
Yel"low*am`mer (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Yellow-hammer.
Yel"low*bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American scoter.
Yel"low*bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The American goldfinch,
or thistle bird. See Goldfinch. (b)
The common yellow warbler; -- called also summer
yellowbird. See Illust. of Yellow
warbler, under Yellow, a.
Yel"low-cov`ered (?), a.
Covered or bound in yellow paper.
Yellow-covered literature, cheap sensational
novels and trashy magazines; -- formerly so called from the usual
color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.]
Bartlett.
Yel"low-eyed` (?), a. Having
yellow eyes.
Yellow-eyed grass (Bot.), any plant
of the genus Xyris.
Yel"low*fin` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large squeteague.
Yel"low*fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A rock trout (Pleurogrammus
monopterygius) found on the coast of Alaska; -- called also
striped fish, and Atka
mackerel.
Yel"low-golds` (?), n.
(Bot.) A certain plant, probably the yellow
oxeye.
B. Jonson.
Yel"low*ham`mer (?), n. [For
yellow-ammer, where ammer is fr. AS.
amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a
yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European finch
(Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright
yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back
yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills
blackish. Called also yellow bunting,
scribbling lark, and writing
lark. [Written also
yellow-ammer.] (b) The
flicker. [Local, U. S.]
Yel"low*ing, n. The act or process of
making yellow.
Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has
given.
G. Eliot.
Yel"low*ish, a. Somewhat yellow; as,
amber is of a yellowish color. --
Yel"low*ish*ness, n.
Yel"low*legs` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
long-legged sandpipers of the genus Totanus, in which
the legs are bright yellow; -- called also stone
snipe, tattler,
telltale, yellowshanks; and
yellowshins. See Tattler, 2.
Yel"low*ness, n. 1. The quality
or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an
orange.
2. Jealousy. [Obs.]
I will possess him with yellowness.
Shak.
Yel"low*root` (?), n.
(Bot.) Any one of several plants with yellow
roots. Specifically: (a) See
Xanthorhiza. (b) Same as
Orangeroot.
Yel"lows (?), n. 1.
(Far.) A disease of the bile in horses, cattle,
and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice.
His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the
yellows.
Shak.
2. (Bot.) A disease of plants, esp. of
peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color;
jeterus.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A group of butterflies in
which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common
small yellow butterflies. Called also
redhorns, and sulphurs.
See Sulphur.
Yel"low*seed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium
campestre).
{ Yel"low*shanks` (?),
Yel"low*shins` (?), } n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Yellolegs.
Yel"low*tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several
species of marine carangoid fishes of the genus
Seriola; especially, the large California species
(S. dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty
pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; -- called also
cavasina, and white
salmon. (b) The mademoiselle, or
silver perch. (c) The menhaden.
(d) The runner, 12. (e) A
California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus).
(f) The sailor's choice (Diplodus
rhomboides).
yellowtail.
Yel"low*throat` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of American
ground warblers of the genus Geothlypis, esp. the
Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which is a very
common species.
Yel"low*top` (?), n.
(Bot.) A kind of grass, perhaps a species of
Agrostis.
Yel"low*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) The wood of any one of several different
kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the
trees so called are the Cladrastis tinctoria, an
American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash
(Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia
Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South
African species of Podocarpus, trees related to the
yew; the East Indian Podocarpus latifolia; and the
true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia). All these Old
World trees furnish valuable timber.
<-- p. 1675 -->
Yel"low*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous
(Chlora perfoliata). The whole plant is intensely
bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing
yellow.
Yelp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Yelped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.]
[OE. yelpen, , to boast, boast
noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan,
gylpan; akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf.
Icel. gj\'belpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.]
1. To boast. [Obs.]
I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe.
Chaucer.
2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark
shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup.
A little herd of England's timorous deer,
Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs?
Shak.
At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly
to the door with a yelping precipitation.
W. Irving.
Yelp, n. A sharp, quick cry; a
bark.
Chaucer.
Yelp"er (?), n. An animal that
yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically:
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The avocet; -- so called
from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.]
(b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.]
Ye"man (?), n. A yeoman.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Yen (?), n. The unit of
value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold
standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents.
The yen is equal to 100 sen.
Yend (?), v. t. To throw; to
cast. [Prov. Eng.]
Ye"nite (?), n. [After
Jena, in Germany.] (Min.) A
silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals;
-- also called ilvaite. [Spelt
also jenite.]
Yeo"man (?), n.; pl.
Yeomen (#). [OE. yoman,
\'f4eman, \'f4oman; of uncertain origin;
perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. g\'be
district, region, G. gau, OHG. gewi,
gouwi, Goth. gawi.
1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the
first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free
born.
yeoman in England is considered as next
in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United
States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments,
designating occupation, and this only in particular
States.
2. A servant; a retainer.
[Obs.]
A yeman hadde he and servants no mo.
Chaucer.
3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the
yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]
4. (Naut.) An interior officer under the
boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage,
account, and distribution of the stores.
Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of
the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed
with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth
century. They are members of the royal household.
Yeo"man*like` (?), a.
Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.
Yeo"man*ly, a. Pertaining to a yeoman;
becoming or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanlike.
B. Jonson.
Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly.
Chaucer.
Yeo"man*ry (?), n. 1.
The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.]
\'bdHis estate of yeomanry.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. The collective body of yeomen, or
freeholders.
The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct
for dominion.
Bancroft.
3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]
Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer
cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only.
[Eng.]
Yeor"ling (?), n. [Cf.
Yellow.] (Zo\'94l.) The European
yellow-hammer.
Yer (?), prep. Ere;
before. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
\'d8Yer"ba (?), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) An herb; a plant.
yerba buena [Sp., a good
herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint
(Mentha sativa, viridis, etc.), but in
California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate
plant (Micromeria Douglasii).
Yerba dol osa. [Sp., herb of the
she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus
Californica). -- Yerba mansa. [Sp., a
mild herb, soft herb.] A plant (Anemopsis
Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used
medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians. -- Yerba
reuma. [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum,
rheumatism.] A low California undershrub
(Frankenia grandifolia).
Yerd (?), n. See 1st & 2d
Yard. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yerk (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Yerked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.]
[See Yerk.]
1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart
movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk.
Their wounded steeds . . .
Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters.
Shak.
2. To strike or lash with a whip.
[Obs. or Scot.]
Yerk, v. i. 1. To throw out the
heels; to kick; to jerk.
They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . .
fling.
Drayton.
2. To move a quick, jerking motion.
Yerk, n. A sudden or quick thrust or
motion; a jerk.
Yern (?), v. i. See 3d
Yearn. [Obs.]
Yern, a. [OE. \'f4ern,
\'f4eorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See
Yearn to long.] Eager; brisk; quick;
active. [Obs.] \'bdHer song . . . loud and
yern.\'b8
Chaucer.
Yerne (?), adv. [OE.
\'f4eorne. See Yern, a.]
Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
My hands and my tongue go so yerne.
Chaucer.
Yer"nut` (?), n. [Cf. Dan.
jordn\'94d, Sw. jordn\'94t, earthnut. Cf.
Jarnut.] An earthnut, or groundnut. See
Groundnut (d). [Written also
yarnut.]
Yerst (?), adv. See
Erst. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Yes (?), adv. [OE.
yis, \'f4is, \'f4es,
\'f4ise, AS. gese, gise;
probably fr. ge\'a0 yea + sw\'be so.
Yea, and So.] Ay;
yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; -- opposed
to no.
Yes is used, like yea, to
enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as,
you have done all this -- yes, you have done more.
\'bdYes, you despise the man books confined.\'b8
Pope.
Trench.
Yest (?), n. See
Yeast.
Shak.
Yes"ter (?), a. [See
Yesterday.] Last; last past; next before; of
or pertaining to yesterday.
[An enemy] whom yester sun beheld
Mustering her charms.
Dryden.
yesterday, yesternight,
etc.
Yes"ter*day (?), n. [OE.
\'f4isterdai, AS. geostran d\'91g, from
geostran, geostra, giestran,
gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D.
gisteren, G. gestern, OHG.
gestaron, Icel. g\'91r yesterday,
to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L.
heri yesterday, Gr. hyas) +
d\'91g day. Cf. Hestern.
1. The day last past; the day next before the
present.
All our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death.
Shak.
We are but of yesterday, and know nothing.
Job viii. 9.
2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past.
The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday,
when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs.
Macaulay.
Yes"ter*day, adv. On the day last past;
on the day preceding to-day; as, the affair took place
yesterday.
{ Yes"ter*eve` (?),
Yes"ter-e`ven*ing (?), } n.
The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.
{ Yes"ter*morn` (?),
Yes"ter-morn`ing, } n. The morning
of yesterday.
Coleridge.
Yes"tern (?), a. [See
Yester.] Of or pertaining to yesterday;
relating to the day last past.
Yes"ter*night` (?), n. The last
night; the night last past.
Yes"ter*night`, adv. [AS. gystran
niht. See Yesterday.] On the last
night.
B. Jonson.
Yes"ter*noon` (?), n. The noon
of yesterday; the noon last past.
Yes"ter*week` (?), n. The week
last past; last week.
Yes"ter*year` (?), n. The year
last past; last year.
<-- now also used to mean in olden days, not just last year. -->
Yes`treen" (?), n.
Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or
Scot.]
Yestreen I did not know
How largely I could live.
Bp. Coxe.
Yest"y (?), a. See
Yeasty.
Shak.
Yet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of several species of large marine gastropods
belonging to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a
boat shell.
Yet, adv. [OE. yet,
\'f4et, \'f4it, AS. git,
gyt, giet, gieta; akin to
OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG.
iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo,
jetzt.]
1. In addition; further; besides; over and above;
still. \'bdA little longer; yet a little
longer.\'b8
Dryden.
This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our
savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy.
Atterbury.
The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of
piety and justice.
L'Estrange.
2. At the same time; by continuance from a former
state; still.
Facts they had heard while they were yet
heathens.
Addison.
3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto;
until now; -- and with the negative, not yet, not up
to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to
go? Not yet. See As yet, under
As, conj.
Ne never yet no villainy ne said.
Chaucer.
4. Before some future time; before the end;
eventually; in time. \'bdHe 'll be hanged
yet.\'b8
Shak.
5. Even; -- used emphatically.
Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor
yet the evidence against them.
Bacon.
Yet (?), conj. Nevertheless;
notwithstanding; however.
Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his
glory was not arrayed like one of these.
Matt. vi. 29.
Syn. -- See However.
Yeve (?), v. i. To give.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yev"en (?), p. p. Given.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yew (?), v. i. See
Yaw.
Yew, n. [OE. ew, AS.
e\'a2w, \'c6w, eoh; akin to D.
ijf, OHG. \'c6wa, \'c6ha, G.
eibe, Icel. ; cf. Ir.
iubhar, Gael. iubhar, iughar, W.
yw, ywen, Lith. j\'89va the
black alder tree.]
1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree (Taxus
baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a
peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows
in British churchyards.
2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color,
compact, fine-grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all
other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these
purposes coming from Spain.
American yew (Taxus
baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and
straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The
California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a
good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles,
paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in
Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas.
3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.
Yew (, a. Of or
pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as,
a yew whipstock.
Yew"en (?), a. Made of yew;
as, yewen bows.
Yex (?), v. i. [OE.
\'f4exen, yesken, AS. giscian to
sob.] To hiccough. [Written also
yox, yux.] [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose.
Chaucer.
Yex, n. [AS. geocsa a
sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.]
A hiccough. [Written also yox, and
yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'bdThe excessive yex.\'b8
Holland.
Yez`de*ger"di*an (?; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian
monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as,
the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June,
a. d. 632. The era is still used by the
Parsees.
Yez"di (?), n. Same as
Izedi.
Taylor.
{ Yez"i*dee (?), Yez"i*di
(?) }, n. Same as
Izedi.
Y*fere" (?), adv. Together.
See Ifere. [Obs.]
As friends do when they be met yfere.
Chaucer.
Yg"dra*syl (?), n. (Scand.
Myth.) See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in
Fiction.
Y"ghe (?), n. Eye.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Y*go" (?), obs. p. p.
of Go. Gone.
Chaucer.
Y*ground" (?), obs. p.
p. of Grind.
Chaucer.
Y*hold"e (?), obs. p.
p. of Hold.
Chaucer.
Yield (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Yielded; obs.
p. p. Yold (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Yielding.] [OE.
yelden, \'f4elden, \'f4ilden,
AS. gieldan, gildan, to pay, give, restore,
make an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS.
geldan, D. gelden to cost, to be worth, G.
gelten, OHG. geltan to pay, restore, make
an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give up,
Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. g\'84lla to be
worth, g\'84lda to pay, Goth. gildan in
fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld,
Guild.]
1. To give in return for labor expended; to
produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested;
to pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven
per cent.
To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent.
Chaucer.
When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth
yield unto thee her strength.
Gen. iv. 12.
2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give
forth. \'bdVines yield nectar.\'b8
Milton.
[He] makes milch kine yield blood.
Shak.
The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their
children.
Job xxiv. 5.
3. To give up, as something that is claimed or
demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to
resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion,
etc.
And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the
crown.
Shak.
Shall yield up all their virtue, all their
fame.
Milton.
4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow.
I yield it just, said Adam, and submit.
Milton.
5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield
passage.
6. To give a reward to; to bless.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more,
And the gods yield you for 't.
Shak.
God yield thee, and God thank ye.
Beau. & Fl.
To yield the breath, the ghost,
the life, to die; to expire; -- often
followed by up.
One calmly yields his willing
breath.
Keble.
Yield, v. i. 1. To give up the
contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb.
He saw the fainting Grecians yield.
Dryden.
2. To comply with; to assent; as, I
yielded to his request.
3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no
longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily
yield to the current of opinion, or to customs; the door
yielded.
Will ye relent,
And yield to mercy while 't is offered you?
Shak.
4. To give place, as inferior in rank or
excellence; as, they will yield to us in
nothing.
Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields
The thistle springs, to which the lily yields?
Pope.
Yield (?), n. Amount yielded;
product; -- applied especially to products resulting from growth
or cultivation. \'bdA goodly yield of fruit
doth bring.\'b8
Bacon.
Yield"a*ble (?), a. Disposed to
yield or comply. [R.] --
Yield"a*ble*ness, n.
[R.]
Bp. Hall.
Yield"ance (?), n. 1.
The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance
of the earth. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
2. The act of yielding; concession.
[R.]
South.
Yield"er (?), n. One who
yields.
Shak.
Yield"ing, a. Inclined to give way, or
comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, a
yielding temper.
Yielding and paying (Law), the
initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be
paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved.
Burrill.
Syn. -- Obsequious; attentive. --
Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In
many cases a man may be attentive or
yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice of his
dignity; but he who is obsequious seeks to gain favor
by excessive and mean compliances for some selfish end.
-- Yield"ing*ly, adv. --
Yield"ing*ness, n.
Yield"less, a. Without yielding;
unyielding. [Obs.]
Yift (?), n. Gift.
[Obs.] \'bdGreat yiftes.\'b8
Chaucer.
Yin (?), n. A Chinese weight of
2
<-- p. 1676 -->
Yis (?), adv. Yes.
[Obs.]
\'bdYis, sir,\'b8 quod he, \'bdyis,
host.\'b8
Chaucer.
Yit (?), conj. Yet.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The European yellow-hammer.
Yive (?), v. t. & i. To
give. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
-yl (?). [Gr.
(Chem.) A suffix used as a characteristic
termination of chemical radicals; as in ethyl,
carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.
-yl was first used in 1832 by Liebig and
W\'94hler in naming benzoyl, in the sense of
stuff, or fundamental material, then in
1834 by Dumas and Peligot in naming methyl, in the
sense of wood. After this -yl was generally
used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff,
characteristic ground, fundamental
material.
Yie (?), n. Isle.
[Obs.] \'bdThe barren yle.\'b8
Chaucer.
Y" lev`el (?). (Surv.) See
under Y, n.
{ Y*liche" (?), Y*like"
(?) }, a. & adv. Like;
alike. [Obs.] \'bdAll . . . yliche
good.\'b8
Chaucer.
Yl`lan*ra*ton" (?), n. [From
the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The
agouara.
Y*mak"ed (?), obs. p.
p. of Make. Made.
Y*mel" (?), prep. [OE.
ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
, (properly, in
the middle, fr. mi, me,
middle, akin to E. middle), Dan. imellem,
Sw. emellan. See In, and
Middle.] Among. [Obs.]
\'bdYmel them all.\'b8
Chaucer.
Y*nam"bu (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American tinamou
(Rhynchotus rufescens); -- called also perdiz
grande, and rufous tinamou. See
Illust. of Tinamou.
{ Y*nough" (?), Y*now"
(?) }, a. [See
Enough.] Enough. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yock"el (?), n. [Cf.
Yokel.] (Zo\'94l.) The
yaffle.
Yode (?), obs. imp. of
Go. [OE. yode, yede,
, , eode, AS.
e\'a2de, used as the imp. of g\'ben to go;
akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L. ire to
go, Gr. i, y\'be. Issue.] Went; walked; proceeded.
[Written also yede.] See Yede.
Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yoke.
Cursor Mundi.
Then into Cornhill anon I yode.
Lydgate.
{ Yo"del (?), Yo"dle
(?), } v. t. & i. [imp.
& p. p. Yodeled, Yodled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Yodeling, Yodling.]
[G. jodeln.] To sing in a manner
common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly
changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice,
and the contrary; to warble.
{ Yo"del, Yo"dle }, n.
A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.
Yo"dler (?), n. One who
yodels.
\'d8Yo"ga (?), n. [Skr.
y\'d3ga union.] A species of asceticism
among the Hindoos, which consists in a complete abstraction from
all worldly objects, by which the votary expects to obtain union
with the universal spirit, and to acquire superhuman
faculties.
Yo"gi (?), n. [Skr.
y\'d3gin.] A follower of the yoga
philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also
yokin.]
Whitworth.
Yo"icks (?), interj.
(Hunting) A cry of encouragement to
foxhounds.
Yoit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Yo"jan (?), n. [Skr.
y.] A measure of distance, varying
from four to ten miles, but usually about five.
[India] [Written also
yojana.]
Yoke (?), n. [OE.
yok, , AS. geoc; akin to D.
juk, OHG. joh, G. joch, Icel. &
Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth. juk,
Lith. jungas, Russ. igo, L.
jugum, Gr. yuga, and to L.
jungere to join, Gr. yui.
Join, Jougs,
Joust, Jugular, Subjugate,
Syzycy, Yuga, Zeugma.]
1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are
joined at the heads or necks for working together.
A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke,
Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke.
Pope.
2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or
shape. Specifically: (a) A frame of wood
fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc.,
suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's
yoke. (b) A frame worn on the
neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage
through a fence. (c) A frame or convex piece
by which a bell is hung for ringing it. See Illust.
of Bell. (d) A crosspiece upon the
head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which
lead forward so that the boat can be steered from
amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent
crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f)
(Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not
used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary
purpose, as to provide against unusual strain.
(g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit
the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of
the waist or the skirt.
3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a
link; a bond connection.
Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . .
Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock.
Chaucer.
This yoke of marriage from us both remove.
Dryden.
4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery;
bondage; service.
Our country sinks beneath the yoke.
Shak.
My yoke is easy, and my burden is light.
Matt. xi. 30.
5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair
that work together.
I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove
them.
Luke xiv. 19.
6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke
of oxen. [Obs.]
Gardner.
7. A portion of the working day; as, to work
two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or
morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Neck yoke, Pig yoke.
See under Neck, and Pig. -- Yoke
elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam
(Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white
wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.
Yoke (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Yoked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.]
1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke;
as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen.
2. To couple; to join with another. \'bdBe
ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers.\'b8
2 Cor. vi. 14.
Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb.
Shak.
3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain;
to confine.
Then were they yoked with garrisons.
Milton.
The words and promises that yoke
The conqueror are quickly broke.
Hudibras.
Yoke, v. i. To be joined or associated;
to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate.
We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow.
Shak.
Yoke"age (?), n. See
Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]
Yoke"fel`low (?), n.
[Yoke + fellow.] An
associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow;
especially, a partner in marriage.
Phil. iv. 3.
The two languages [English and French] became
yokefellows in a still more intimate manner.
Earle.
Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the
sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion
and yokefellow.
Addison.
Yo"kel (?), n. [Perhaps from an
AS. word akin to E. gawk.] A country
bumpkin. [Eng.]
Dickens.
Yoke"let (?), n. A small farm;
-- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it.
[Prov. Eng.]
Yoke"mate` (?), n. Same as
Yokefellow.
Yoke"-toed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having two toes in front and two
behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers.
Yold (?), obs. p. p. of
Yield. Yielded.
Spenser.
Yold"en (?), obs. p. p.
of Yield. Yielded.
Yolk (?; 277), n. [OE.
yolke, yelke, \'f4olke,
\'f4elke, AS. geoloca, geoleca,
fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.]
[Written also yelk.]
1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An oily secretion which
naturally covers the wool of sheep.
Yolk cord (Zo\'94l.), a slender
cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers
in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk
gland (Zo\'94l.), a special organ which
secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some
other invertebrates. See Illust. of
Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack
(Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under
Unbilical.
Yoll (?), v. i. To yell.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yon (?), a. [OE.
yon, , AS. geon; akin to G.
jener, OHG. jen, Icel. enn,
inn; cf. Goth. jains. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.] At a
distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic]
Read thy lot in yon celestial sign.
Milton.
Though fast yon shower be fleeting.
Keble.
Yon, adv. Yonder. [Obs. or
Poetic]
But, first and chiefest, with thee bring
Him that yon soars on golden wing.
Milton.
Yon"co*pin (?), n. [Perhaps
corrupted from Illinois micoupena, Chippewa
makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.)
A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the
American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).
Yond (?), a. [Cf. AS.
anda, onda, anger, andian to be
angry.] Furious; mad; angry; fierce.
[Obs.] \'bdThen wexeth wood and yond.\'b8
Spenser.
Yond, adv. & a. [OE. yond,
\'f4ond, \'f4eond, through, beyond, over,
AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind
thither. Yon, a.]
Yonder. [Obs.] \'bdYond in
the garden.\'b8
Chaucer.
Yon"der (?), adv. [OE.
yonder, \'f4onder; cf. OD.
ginder, Goth. jaindr there.
Yond, adv.] At
a distance, but within view.
Yonder are two apple women scolding.
Arbuthnot.
Yon"der, a. Being at a distance within
view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there;
yon. \'bdYon flowery arbors, yonder alleys
green.\'b8 Milton. \'bdYonder sea of
light.\'b8 Keble.
Yonder men are too many for an embassage.
Bacon.
\'d8Yo"ni (?), n. [Skr.
y.] (Hindoo Myth.) The
symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female
power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.
Yon"ker (?), n. [See
Younker.] A young fellow; a younker.
[Obs. or Colloq.]
Sir W. Scott.
Yore (?), adv. [OE.
, yare, , AS.
ge\'a0ra;akin to ge\'a0r a year, E.
year. Year.] In
time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or
Poetic]
As it hath been of olde times yore.
Chaucer.
Which though he hath polluted oft and yore,
Yet I to them for judgment just do fly.
Spenser.
Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times
or days of yore. \'bdBut Satan now is wiser than
of yore.\'b8
Pope.
Where Abraham fed his flock of yore.
Keble.
York"er (?), n. (Cricket)
A tice.
York"shire (?), n. A county in
the north of England.
Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for
polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers.
Simmonds. -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter
pudding baked under meat.
York" use` (?). (Eccl.) The one
of the three printed uses of England which was followed in the
north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use,
n., 6.
Shipley.
Yot (?), v. t. To unite
closely. [Prov. Eng.]
Yote (?), v. t. [OE.
, , to pour, AS.
ge\'a2tan. See Found to cast.] To
pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]
Grose.
My fowls, which well enough,
I, as before, found feeding at their trough
Their yoted wheat.
Chapman.
You (?), pron.
[Possess. Your (?) or
Yours (; dat. & obj.
You.] [OE. you,
eou, eow, dat. & acc., AS.
e\'a2w, used as dat. & acc. of ge,
g, ye; akin to OFries. iu,
io, D. u, G. euch, OHG.
iu, dat., iuwih, acc., Icel.
y, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of
uncertain origin. Your.] The
pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and
objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See
the Note under Ye.
Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed.
Chaucer.
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you
To leave this place.
Shak.
In vain you tell your parting lover
You wish fair winds may waft him over.
Prior.
you is properly a plural, it is in
all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person,
yet properly always with a plural verb. \'bdAre you he
that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so
admired ?\'b8 Shak.
You and your are sometimes used
indefinitely, like we, they,
one, to express persons not specified. \'bdThe looks
at a distance like a new-plowed land; but as you come
near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy,
disjointed clods.\'b8 Addison. \'bdYour
medalist and critic are much nearer related than the world
imagine.\'b8 Addison. \'bdIt is always pleasant to be
forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until
pressed, you dare not attempt.\'b8 Hook.
You is often used reflexively for
yourself of yourselves. \'bdYour highness
shall repose you at the tower.\'b8
Shak.
Youl (?), v. i. To yell; to
yowl. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Young (?), a.
[Compar. Younger (?);
superl. Youngest (?).]
[OE. yung, yong, ,
, AS. geong; akin to OFries.
iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG.,
& G. jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. & Dan.
ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas,
Russ. iunuii, L. juvencus,
juvenis, Skr. juva, juven.
Junior, Juniper,
Juvenile, Younker, Youth.]
1. Not long born; still in the first part of life;
not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old;
juvenile; -- said of animals; as, a young child; a
young man; a young fawn.
For he so young and tender was of age.
Chaucer.
\'bdWhom the gods love, die young,\'b8 has been too
long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live
young forever.
Mrs. H. H. Jackson.
2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth;
as, a young plant; a young tree.
While the fears of the people were young.
De Foe.
3. Having little experience; inexperienced;
unpracticed; ignorant; weak.
Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in
this.
Shak.
Young, n. The offspring of animals,
either a single animal or offspring collectively.
[The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young.
Milton.
With young, with child; pregnant.
Young"ger (?), n. One who is
younger; an inferior in age; a junior. \'bdThe elder shall
serve the younger.\'b8
Rom. ix. 12.
Young"ish (?), a. Somewhat
young.
Tatler.
Young"ling (?), n. [AS.
geongling.] A young person; a youth; also,
any animal in its early life. \'bdMore dear . . . than
younglings to their dam.\'b8
Spenser.
He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with
us younglings.
Ridley.
Young"ling, a. Young; youthful.
Wordsworth.
Young"ly, a. [AS.
geonglic.] Like a young person or thing;
young; youthful. [Obs.]
Shak.
Young"ly, adv. 1. In a young
manner; in the period of youth; early in life.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.]
Young"ness, n. The quality or state of
being young.
Young"ster (?), n. A young
person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] \'bdHe
felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life
before him.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Youngth (?), n. Youth.
[Obs.]
Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath.
Spenser.
Youngth"ly, a. Pertaining to, or
resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Youn"ker (?), n. [D.
jonker, jonkeer; jong young +
heer a lord, sir, gentleman. See Young,
a.] A young person; a stripling; a
yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.]
That same younker soon was overthrown.
Spenser.
You"pon (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Yaupon.
Your (?), pron. & a. [OE.
your, , eowr,
eower, AS. e\'a2wer, originally used as the
gen. of ge, g\'c7, ye; akin to OFries.
iuwer your, OS. iuwar, D. uw,
OHG. iuw\'c7r, G. euer, Icel.
y\'ebar, Goth. izwara, izwar,
and E. you. \'fb189. See You.]
The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun
you.
yours when
the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as,
this book is yours. \'bdAn old fellow of
yours.\'b8
Chaucer.
ours (?), pron. See the Note
under Your.
Your*self" (?), pron.; pl.
Yourselves (#). [Your +
self.] An emphasized or reflexive form of
the pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly
with you; as, you yourself shall see
it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative
or objective case; as, you have injured
yourself.
Of which right now ye han yourselve heard.
Chaucer.
If yourselves are old, make it your cause.
Shak.
Why should you be so cruel to yourself ?
Milton.
The religious movement which you yourself, as well
as I, so faithfully followed from first to last.
J. H. Newman.
Youth (, n.; pl.
Youths ( or
collectively Youth. [OE.
youthe, youh,
\'f4uhe\'ebe, \'f4uwe\'ebe,
\'f4eo\'f4e\'ebe, AS. geogu\'eb,
geogo\'eb; akin to OS. jug\'eb, D.
jeugd, OHG. jugund, G. jugend,
Goth. junda. \'fb281. See
Young.]
1. The quality or state of being young;
youthfulness; juvenility. \'bdIn my flower of
youth.\'b8
Milton.
Such as in his face
Youth smiled celestial.
Milton.
2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the
period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early
part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to
manhood.
He wondered that your lordship
Would suffer him to spend his youth at home.
Shak.
Those who pass their youth in vice are justly
condemned to spend their age in folly.
Rambler.
3. A young person; especially, a young man.
Seven youths from Athens yearly sent.
Dryden.
4. Young persons, collectively.
It is fit to read the best authors to youth
first.
B. Jonson.
<-- p. 1677 -->
Youth"ful (?), a. 1.
Not yet mature or aged; young. \'bdTwo
youthful knights.\'b8 Dryden. Also used
figuratively. \'bdThe youthful season of the
year.\'b8
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life;
suitable to early life; as, youthful days;
youthful sports. \'bdWarm,
youthful blood.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdYouthful thoughts.\'b8
Milton.
3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth.
After millions of millions of ages . . . still
youthful and flourishing.
Bentley.
Syn. -- Puerile; juvenile. --
Youthful, Puerile, Juvenile.
Puerile is always used in a bad sense, or at least in
the sense of what is suitable to a boy only; as,
puerile objections, puerile amusements,
etc. Juvenile is sometimes taken in a bad sense,
as when speaking of youth in contrast with manhood; as,
juvenile tricks; a juvenile performance.
Youthful is commonly employed in a good sense; as,
youthful aspirations; or at least by way of
extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions.
\'bdSome men, imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury,
often fall into toys and trifles, which are only
puerilities.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdRaw,
juvenile writers imagine that, by pouring forth
figures often, they render their compositions warm and
animated.\'b8
Blair.
-- Youth"ful*ly, adv. --
Youth"ful*ness, n.
Youth"hood (?), n. [AS.
geogu. See Youth, and
-hood.] The quality or state of being a
youth; the period of youth.
Cheyne.
Youth"ly, a. [AS.
geogu.] Young; youthful.
[Obs.] \'bdAll my youthly days.\'b8
Spenser.
Youth"some (?), a.
Youthful. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Youth"y (?), a. Young.
[Obs.]
Spectator.
Youze (?), n. [From a native
East Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The
cheetah.
Yow (?), pron. You.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Yowe (?), n. [See
Ewe.] (Zo\'94l.) A ewe.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
G. Eliot.
Yowl (?), v. i. [See
Yawl, v. i.] To utter a loud,
long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell.
Yowl, n. A loud, protracted, and
mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.
Yow"ley (?), n. [Cf.
Yellow.] (Zo\'94l.) The European
yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]
Yox (?), v. i. See
Yex. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Y*pight" (?), obs. p.
p. of Pitch. See Pight.
Yp"o*cras (?), n.
Hippocras. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Y"pres lace` (?). Fine bobbin lace made at
Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like Valenciennes
lace.
Yp*sil"i*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.]
(Biol.) Resembling the
Yp"si*loid (?), a.
(Anat.) In the form of the letter Y;
Y-shaped.
Y*raft" (?), obs. p. p.
of Reave. Bereft.
Chaucer.
Yr"en (?), n. Iron.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Y*ron"ne (?), obs. p.
p. of Run. Run.
Chaucer.
Y*same" (?), adv. [See
Same.] Together. [Obs.]
\'bdAnd in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame.\'b8
Spenser.
{ Yt, Yt
( }, an old method of printing
that (AS. ,
) the \'bdy\'b8 taking the place of the old
letter \'bdthorn\'b8 (Ye, the.
Y*throwe" (?), obs. p.
p. of Throw.
Chaucer.
Yt*ter"bic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from,
ytterbium; containing ytterbium.
Yt*ter"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.) A rare element of the boron group,
sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as
in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight
173.2. Cf. Yttrium.
<-- purified before 1960 -->
Yt"tri*a (?), n. [NL. See
Yttrium.] (Chem.) The oxide,
Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium.
Yt"tric (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium.
Yt*trif"er*ous (?), a. Bearing
or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as, gadolinite
is one of the yttriferous minerals.
Yt"tri*ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Same as Yttric.
Yt"tri*um (?), n. [NL., from
Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.) A rare metallic element of the
boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare
minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic
weight, 89. [Written also
ittrium.]
<-- yttrium has been isolated as a pure
element. -->
Yt`tro-ce"rite (?), n.
(Min.) A mineral of a violet-blue color,
inclining to gray and white. It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium,
yttrium, and calcium.
{ Yt`tro-co*lum"bite (?),
Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite (?), } n.
(Min.) A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and
calcium, of a brown or black color.
\'d8Yu (?), n. [Chin.]
(Min.) Jade.
Yuc"ca (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Flicker, n., 2.
\'d8Yuc"ca (?), n. [NL., from
Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.]
(Bot.) A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes
arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves
at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large
panicle of showy white blossoms.
Yucca
aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y.
baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one
with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called
bear grass, and Adam's
needle.
Yucca moth (Zo\'94l.), a small
silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larv\'91 feed
on plants of the genus Yucca.
Yuck (?), v. i. [Cf. G.
jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See
Itch.] To itch. [Prov.
Eng.]
Grose.
Yuck, v. t. To scratch.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Yuck"el (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Yockel.
Yu"en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native
of Siam, Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely
arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. the males are
dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair,
and usually with a white band around the face. The females are
yellowish white, with a dark spot on the breast and another on
the crown. Called also wooyen, and
wooyen ape.
Yufts (?), n. [Russ.
iufte.] Russia leather.
{ Yug (?), \'d8Yu"ga
(?), } n. [Skr. yuga an
age, a yoke. See Yoke.] (Hindoo
Cosmog.) Any one of the four ages, Krita,
or Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and
Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or
existence of the world.
Yuke (?), v. i. & t. Same as
Yuck. [Prov. Eng.]
Yu"lan (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of Magnolia (M. conspicua) with large
white blossoms that open before the leaves. See the Note under
Magnolia.
Yule (?), n. [OE.
yol, \'f4ol, AS. ge\'a2l; akin
to ge\'a2la December or January, Icel.
j\'d3l Yule, Ylir the name of a winter
month, Sw. jul Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth.
jiuleis November or December. Cf.
Jolly.] Christmas or Christmastide; the feast
of the Nativity of our Savior.
And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule
In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule.
Drayton.
Yule block, Yule log,
a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas
eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much
ceremony. -- Yule clog, the yule log.
Halliwell. W. Irving.
Yule"tide` (?), n. Christmas
time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.
Yu"mas (?), n. pl.; sing.
Yuma (. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts
of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate
corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc.
\'d8Yunx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of
birds comprising the wrynecks.
Yu"pon (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Yaupon.
Yux (?), n. & v. See
Yex, n. [Obs.]
Y"vel (?), a. & adv. Evil;
ill. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Y*war" (?), a. [See
Aware.] Aware; wary.
[Obs.] \'bdBe ywar, and his way shun.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
Y*wis" (?), adv. [OE.
ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain;
akin to D. gewis, G. gewiss, and E.
wit to know. See Wit to know, and
Y-.] Certainly; most likely; truly;
probably. [Obs. or Archaic]
\'bdYwis,\'b8 quod he, \'bdit is full dear, I
say.\'b8
Chaucer.
She answered me, \'bdI-wisse, all their sport in
the park is but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in
Plato.\'b8
Ascham.
A right good knight, and true of word ywis.
Spenser.
iwis was often written
with the prefix apart from the rest of the word and capitalized,
as, I wis, I wisse, etc. The prefix was
mistaken for the pronoun, I and wis,
wisse, for a form of the verb wit to know.
See Wis, and cf. Wit, to know.
Our ship, I wis,
Shall be of another form than this.
Longfellow.
Z.
Z (zin England commonly, and in America
sometimes, zformerly, also,
Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of
the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the
Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having
it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably
Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to
s, y, and j; as in
glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. yugum; E. zealous, jealous.
See Guide to Pronunciation,
Za (?), n. (Min.) An
old solfeggio name for B flat; the seventh harmonic, as
heard in the or \'91olian string; -- so called by Tartini. It was
long considered a false, but is the true note of the chord of the
flat seventh.
H. W. Poole.
{ Za"ba*ism (?), Za"bism
(?) }, n. See
Sabianism.
Za"bi*an (?), a. & n. See
Sabian.
Zac"co (?), n. (Arch.)
See Zocco.
\'d8Za*chun" (?), n.
(Bot.) An oil pressed by the Arabs from the fruit
of a small thorny tree (Balanites \'92gyptiaca), and
sold to piligrims for a healing ointment.
J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
\'d8Zaer"the (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Z.
Zaf"fer (?), n. [F.
zafre, safre; cf. Sp. zafra,
safra, It. saffera, G. zaffer;
all probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Zaphara.]
A pigment obtained, usually by roasting cobalt glance with
sand or quartz, as a dark earthy powder. It consists of crude
cobalt oxide, or of an impure cobalt arseniate. It is used in
porcelain painting, and in enameling pottery, to produce a blue
color, and is often confounded with smalt, from which, however,
it is distinct, as it contains no potash. The name is often
loosely applied to mixtures of zaffer proper with silica, or
oxides of iron, manganese, etc. [Written also
zaffre, and formerly zaffree,
zaffar, zaffir.]
\'d8Zaim (?; 277), n. [Turk. &
Ar. za'\'c6m.] A Turkish chief who supports
a mounted militia bearing the same name.
Smart.
\'d8Zaim"et (?; 277), n. [Turk.
& Ar. za'\'c6met.] A district from which a
Zaim draws his revenue.
Smart.
Zain (?), n. A horse of a dark
color, neither gray nor white, and having no spots.
Smart.
Za*lamb"do*dont (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a tribe
(Zalambdodonta) of Insectivora in which the molar
teeth have but one V-shaped ridge.
Za*lamb"do*dont, n. One of the
Zalambdodonta. The tenrec, solenodon, and golden moles
are examples.
\'d8Za*mang" (?), n.
(Bot.) An immense leguminous tree
(Pithecolobium Saman) of Venezuela. Its branches form
a hemispherical mass, often one hundred and eighty feet across.
The sweet pulpy pods are used commonly for feeding cattle. Also
called rain tree.
J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Zam"bo (?), n.; pl.
Zambos (#). [See
Sambo.] The child of a mulatto and a negro;
also, the child of an Indian and a negro; colloquially or
humorously, a negro; a sambo.
\'d8Za"mi*a (?), n. [L.
zamia a kind of fir cone, from Gr. (Bot.) A genus
of cycadaceous plants, having the appearance of low palms, but
with exogenous wood. See Coontie, and
Illust. of Strobile.
Zam`in*dar" (?), n. [Hind.
zem\'c6nd\'ber, zam\'c6nd\'ber, a
landholder, Per. zam\'c6nd\'ber; zam\'c6n
land d\'ber holding.] A landowner; also, a
collector of land revenue; now, usually, a kind of feudatory
recognized as an actual proprietor so long as he pays to the
government a certain fixed revenue. [Written also
zemindar.] [India]
{ Zam"in*da*ry (?), Zam"in*da*ri
(?) }, n. The jurisdiction of a
zamindar; the land possessed by a zamindar.
[Written also zemindary,
zemindari.]
Za"mite (?), n. (Paleon.)
A fossil cycad of the genus Zamia.
Za*mouse" (?), n. [From a
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African
buffalo (Bubalus brachyceros) having short horns
depressed at the base, and large ears fringed internally with
three rows of long hairs. It is destitute of a dewlap. Called
also short-horned buffalo, and bush
cow.
\'d8Zam*po"gna (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A sort of bagpipe
formerly in use among Italian peasants. It is now almost
obsolete. [Written also
zampugna.]
Zan"der (?), n. [Cf. D.
zand sand.] (Zo\'94l.) A
European pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) allied
to the wall-eye; -- called also sandari,
sander, sannat,
schill, and zant.
Zand"mole` (?), n. [Cf. D.
zand sand. See Sand, and Mole the
animal.] (Zo\'94l.) The sand mole.
Zan"te (?), n. (Bot.)
See Zantewood.
Zan"te cur"rant (?). A kind of seedless
grape or raisin; -- so called from Zante, one of the
Ionian Islands.
Zan"te*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) A yellow dyewood; fustet; --
called also zante, and zante
fustic. See Fustet, and the Note under
Fustic. (b) Satinwood
(Chloroxylon Swietenia).
Zan"ti*ot (?), n. A native or
inhabitant of Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.
Za"ny (?), n.; pl.
Zanies (#). [It. zanni
a buffoon, merry-andrew, orig. same as Giovanni John,
i. e., merry John, L. Ioannes, Gr. Y\'d3kh\'ben\'ben, prop., the Lord graciously gave:
cf. F. zani, fr. the Italian. Cf.
Jenneting.] A merry-andrew; a buffoon.
Then write that I may follow, and so be
Thy echo, thy debtor, thy foil, thy zany.
Donne.
Preacher at once, and zany of thy age.
Pope.
<-- p. 1678 -->
Za"ny (?), v. t. To
mimic. [Obs.]
Your part is acted; give me leave at distance
To zany it.
Massinger.
Za"ny*ism (?), n. State or
character of a zany; buffoonery.
Coleridge. H. Morley.
Zaph"a*ra (?), n. Zaffer.
\'d8Za*phren"tis (?), n.
[NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
cyathophylloid corals common in the Paleozoic formations. It is
cup-shaped with numerous septa, and with a deep pit in one side
of the cup.
Zap`o*til"la (?), n.
(Bot.) See Sapodilla.
Zap"ti*ah (?), n. A Turkish
policeman. [Written also
zaptieh.]
{ Zar`a*thus"tri*an (?),
Zar`a*thus"tric (?) }, a.
Of or pertaining to Zarathustra, or Zoroaster;
Zoroastrian.
Tylor.
Zar`a*thus"trism (?), n. See
Zoroastrianism.
Zar"a*tite (?), n. (Min.)
[Named after Gen. Zarata of Spain.] A
hydrous carbonate of nickel occurring as an emerald-green
incrustation on chromite; -- called also emerald
nickel.
\'d8Za*re"ba (?), n.
(Mil.) An improvised stockade; especially, one
made of thorn bushes, etc. [Written also
zareeba, and zeriba.]
[Egypt]
\'bdAh,\'b8 he moralizes, \'bdwhat wonderful instinct on the
part of this little creature to surround itself with a
zareba like the troops after Osman Digma.\'b8
R. Jefferies.
Zar"nich (?), n. [F., fr. Ar.
az-zern\'c6kh, fr. Gr. Arsenic.] (Min.) Native sulphide
of arsenic, including sandarach, or realgar, and orpiment.
\'d8Z\'84r"the (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European bream (Abramis
vimba). [Written also
zaerthe.]
\'d8Za"ti (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A species of macaque (Macacus
pileatus) native of India and Ceylon. It has a crown of
long erect hair, and tuft of radiating hairs on the back of the
head. Called also capped macaque.
\'d8Zau*schne"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., named for M. Zauschner, a Bohemian
botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of flowering
plants. Zauschneria Californica is a suffrutescent
perennial, with showy red flowers much resembling those of the
garden fuchsia.
Zax (?), n. A tool for trimming
and puncturing roofing states. [Written also
sax.]
\'d8Za"yat (?; 277), n. A
public shed, or portico, for travelers, worshipers, etc.
[Burmah]
\'d8Ze"a (?), n. [L., a kind of
grain, fr. Gr. yava barley.]
(Bot.) A genus of large grasses of which the
Indian corn (Zea Mays) is the only species known. Its
origin is not yet ascertained. See Maize.
Zeal (?), n. [F.
z\'8ale; cf. Pg. & It. zelo, Sp.
zelo, celo; from L. zelus, Gr.
Yeast,
Jealous.]
1. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything;
eagerness in favor of a person or cause; ardent and active
interest; engagedness; enthusiasm; fervor. \'bdAmbition
varnished o'er with zeal.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdZeal, the blind conductor of the will.\'b8
Dryden. \'bdZeal's never-dying fire.\'b8
Keble.
I bear them record that they have a zeal of God,
but not according to knowledge.
Rom. x. 2.
A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to
subvert with little care what shall be established.
Johnson.
2. A zealot. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Zeal, v. i. To be zealous.
[Obs. & R.]
Bacon.
Zeal"ant (?), n. One who is
zealous; a zealot; an enthusiast. [Obs.]
To certain zealants, all speech of pacification is
odious.
Bacon.
Zealed (?), a. Full of zeal;
characterized by zeal. [Obs.]
\'bdZealed religion.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Zeal"ful (?), a. Full of
zeal. [R.]
Sylvester.
Zeal"less (?), a. Wanting
zeal.
Hammond.
Zeal"ot (?), n. [F.
z\'82lote, L. zelotes, Gr. Zeal.] One who is zealous; one who engages
warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and
ardor; especially, one who is overzealous, or carried away by his
zeal; one absorbed in devotion to anything; an enthusiast; a
fanatical partisan.
Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile
array against zealots for the other.
Sir J. Stephen.
In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every parish
was visited by these turbulent zealots.
Macaulay.
Zea*lot"ic*al (?), a. Like, or
suitable to, a zealot; ardently zealous. [R.]
Strype.
Zeal"ot*ism (?), n. The
character or conduct of a zealot; zealotry.
Zeal"ot*ist, n. A zealot.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Zeal"ot*ry (?), n. The
character and behavior of a zealot; excess of zeal; fanatical
devotion to a cause.
Enthusiasm, visionariness, seems the tendency of the German;
zeal, zealotry, of the English; fanaticism, of the
French.
Coleridge.
Zeal"ous (?; 277), a. [LL.
zelosus. See Zeal.]
1. Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly
engaged, or ardent, in behalf of an object.
He may be zealous in the salvation of souls.
Law.
2. Filled with religious zeal.
[Obs.]
Shak.
-- Zeal"ous*ly, adv. --
Zeal"ous*ness, n.
Ze"bec (?), n. (Naut.)
See Xebec.
Ze"bra (?), n. [Pg.
zebra; cf. Sp. cebra; probably from a
native African name.] (Zo\'94l.) Either one
of two species of South African wild horses remarkable for having
the body white or yellowish white, and conspicuously marked with
dark brown or brackish bands.
Equus, ) is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body
and legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of black hair at
the tip. It inhabits the mountains of Central and Southern
Africa, and is noted for its wariness and wildness, as well as
for its swiftness. The second species (Equus, ), known as Burchell's zebra, and
dauw, inhabits the grassy plains of South Africa,
and differs from the preceding in not having dark bands on the
legs, while those on the body are more irregular. It has a long
tail, covered with long white flowing hair.
Zebra caterpillar, the larva of an American
noctuid moth (Mamestra picta). It is light yellow,
with a broad black stripe on the back and one on each side; the
lateral stripes are crossed with withe lines. It feeds on
cabbages, beets, clover, and other cultivated plants. --
Zebra opossum, the zebra wolf. See under
Wolf. -- Zebra parrakeet, an
Australian grass parrakeet, often kept as a cage bird. Its upper
parts are mostly pale greenish yellow, transversely barred with
brownish black crescents; the under parts, rump, and upper tail
coverts, are bright green; two central tail feathers and the
cheek patches are blue. Called also canary
parrot, scallop parrot,
shell parrot, and undulated
parrot. -- Zebra poison
(Bot.), a poisonous tree (Euphorbia
arborea) of the Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its
milky juice is so poisonous that zebras have been killed by
drinking water in which its branches had been placed, and it is
also used as an arrow poison. J. Smith (Dict. Econ.
Plants). -- Zebra shark. Same as Tiger
shark, under Tiger. -- Zebra
spider, a hunting spider. -- Zebra
swallowtail, a very large North American swallow-tailed
butterfly (Iphiclides ajax), in which the wings are
yellow, barred with black; -- called also
ajax. -- Zebra wolf. See
under Wolf.
Ze"bra*wood` (?), n. (a)
A kind of cabinet wood having beautiful black, brown, and
whitish stripes, the timber of a tropical American tree
(Connarus Guianensis). (b) The
wood of a small West Indian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia
fragrans). (c) The wood of an East
Indian tree of the genus Guettarda.
Ze"brine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
zebra.
Ze"bu (?), n. [z\'82bu; of uncertain origin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bovine mammal (Ros
Indicus) extensively domesticated in India, China, the East
Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short horns, large
pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a large,
prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary in
different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the
common ox to that of a large mastiff.
Indian bull, Indian ox,
Madras ox, and sacred
bull.
Ze"bub (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A large noxious fly of Abyssinia, which like the tsetse fly,
is destructive to cattle.
Ze"chin (?; 277), n. See
Sequin.
\'d8Zech"stein` (?), n. [Gr.,
fr. zeche a mine + stein a stone.]
(Geol.) The upper division of the Permian (Dyas)
of Europe. The prevailing rock is a magnesian limestone.
Zed (?), n. [F., probably
through It. zeta, fr. L. zeta. See
Zeta.] The letter Z; -- called also
zee, and formerly
izzard. \'bdZed, thou
unnecessary letter!\'b8
Shak.
Zed"o*a*ry (?), n. [F.
z\'82doaire, LL. zedoaria; cf. It.
zedoaria, zettovario, Pg.
zedoaria, Sp. zedoaria,
cedoaria; all fr. Ar. & Per.
zedw.] (Med.) A medicinal
substance obtained in the East Indian, having a fragrant smell,
and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is used in medicine as a
stimulant.
Curcuma, esp. C. zedoaria, and comes in
short, firm pieces, externally of a wrinkled gray, ash-colored
appearance, but within of a brownish red color. There are two
kinds, round zedoary, and long zedoary.
\'d8Zee"koe (?), n. [D., sea
cow, lake cow.] (Zo\'94l.) A
hippopotamus.
\'d8Zeh"ner (?), n. [G.]
An Austrian silver coin equal to ten kreutzers, or about
five cents.
Ze"in (?), n. [Cf. F.
z\'82\'8bne. See Zea.]
(Chem.) A nitrogenous substance of the nature of
gluten, obtained from the seeds of Indian corn (Zea)
as a soft, yellowish, amorphous substance.
[Formerly written zeine.]
Zem`in*dar" (?), n. Same as
Zamindar.
{ Zem"in*da*ry (?),
\'d8Zem"in*da*ri (?) }, n.
Same as Zamindary.
Zem"ni (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The blind mole rat (Spalax typhlus), native of
Eastern Europe and Asia. Its eyes and ears are rudimentary, and
its fur is soft and brownish, more or less tinged with gray. It
constructs extensive burrows.
\'d8Ze*na"na (?), n. [Hind.
zen\'bena, zan\'bena, fr. Per.
zan\'bena, fr. zan woman; akin to E.
queen.] The part of a dwelling appropriated
to women. [India]
Zend (?), n. [See
Zend-Avesta.] Properly, the translation and
exposition in the Huzv
\'d8Zend`-A*ves"ta (?), n.
[Properly, the Avesta, or sacred text, and its
zend, or interpretation, in a more modern and
intelligible language. W. D. Whitney.] The
sacred writings of the ancient Persian religion, attributed to
Zoroaster, but chiefly of a later date.
\'d8Zen"dik (?), n. [Ar.
zand\'c6k.] An atheist or unbeliever; --
name given in the East to those charged with disbelief of any
revealed religion, or accused of magical heresies.
Ze"nick (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South African burrowing mammal
(Suricata tetradactyla), allied to the civets. It is
grayish brown, with yellowish transverse stripes on the back.
Called also suricat.
Ze"nik (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Zenick.
Ze"nith (?; 277), n. [OE.
senyth, OF. cenith, F.
z\'82nith, Sp. zenit, cenit,
abbrev. fr. Ar. samt-urras way of the head, vertical
place; samt way, path + al the +
ras head. Cf. Azimuth.]
1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere
which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens
directly overhead; -- opposed to nadir.
From morn
To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve,
A summer's day; and with the setting sun
Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star.
Milton.
2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination;
the greatest height; the height of success or prosperity.
I find my zenith doth depend upon
A most auspicious star.
Shak.
This dead of midnight is the noon of thought,
And wisdom mounts her zenith with the stars.
Mrs. Barbauld.
It was during those civil troubles . . . this aspiring family
reached the zenith.
Macaulay.
Zenith distance. (Astron.) See
under Distance. -- Zenith sector.
(Astron.) See Sector, 3. --
Zenith telescope (Geodesy), a telescope
specially designed for determining the latitude by means of any
two stars which pass the meridian about the same time, and at
nearly equal distances from the zenith, but on opposite sides of
it. It turns both on a vertical and a horizontal axis, is
provided with a graduated vertical semicircle, and a level for
setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a micrometer for
measuring the difference of the zenith distances of the two
stars.
Ze"nith*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the zenith. \'bdThe deep zenithal
blue.\'b8
Tyndall.
Ze"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. z\'82olithe.]
(Min.) A term now used to designate any one of a
family of minerals, hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime,
soda, potash, or rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite,
stilbite, analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and
others. These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities
of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less frequently, in
granite and gneiss. So called because many of these species
intumesce before the blowpipe.
Needle zeolite, needlestone;
natrolite.
Ze`o*lit"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a zeolite; consisting of, or resembling, a
zeolite.
Ze`o*lit"i*form (?), a. Having
the form of a zeolite.
Zeph"yr (?), n. [L.
zephyrus, Gr. z\'82phyr.] The west
wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. \'bdSoft the
zephyr blows.\'b8
Gray.
As gentle
As zephyrs blowing below the violet.
Shak.
Zephyr cloth, a thin kind of cassimere made in
Belgium; also, a waterproof fabric of wool. -- Zephyr
shawl, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made of
worsted and cotton. -- Zephyr yarn, worsted, a fine, soft kind of yarn or
worsted, -- used for knitting and embroidery.
\'d8Zeph"y*rus (?), n. [L. See
Zephyr.] The west wind, or zephyr; -- usually
personified, and made the most mild and gentle of all the sylvan
deities.
Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes.
Milton.
Ze"quin (?), n. See
Sequin.
\'d8Zer"da (?), n. [Of African
origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The fennec.
\'d8Ze*ri"ba (?), n.
(Mil.) Same as Zareba.
Ze"ro (?), n; pl.
Zeros (#) or Zeroes.
[F. z\'82ro, from Ar. ,
, empty, a cipher. Cf.
Cipher.]
1. (Arith.) A cipher; nothing;
naught.
2. The point from which the graduation of a scale,
as of a thermometer, commences.
Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius
thermometer, and in the R\'82aumur thermometer, is at the point
at which water congeals. The zero of the Fahrenheit thermometer
is fixed at the point at which the mercury stands when immersed
in a mixture of snow and common salt. In Wedgwood's pyrometer,
the zero corresponds with 1077\'f8 on the Fahrenheit scale. See
Illust. of Thermometer.
3. Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion;
as, his patience had nearly reached zero.
Absolute zero. See under
Absolute. -- Zero method
(Physics), a method of comparing, or measuring,
forces, electric currents, etc., by so opposing them that the
pointer of an indicating apparatus, or the needle of a
galvanometer, remains at, or is brought to, zero, as contrasted
with methods in which the deflection is observed directly; --
called also null method. -- Zero
point, the point indicating zero, or the commencement
of a scale or reckoning.
<-- p. 1679 -->
Zest (?), n. [F.
zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split,
cleft, divided, Gr. Schism.]
1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic
oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to
liquor, etc.
2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a
pleasant taste, or the taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen
enjoyment; relish; gusto.
Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe
Their zest of pleasure, and their balm of woe.
Young.
Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the highest
zest and relish to social intercourse.
Gogan.
3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a
walnut. [Obs.]
Zest, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Zested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Zesting.]
1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an
orange, lemon, etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of
anything.
2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the
taste or relish of; as, to zest wine.
Gibber.
\'d8Ze"ta (?), n. [L., from Gr.
Zed.] A Greek letter [z.
Ze*tet"ic (?), a. [Gr. z\'82t\'82tique.]
Seeking; proceeding by inquiry.
Zetetic method (Math.), the method
used for finding the value of unknown quantities by direct
search, in investigation, or in the solution of problems.
[R.]
Hutton.
Ze*tet"ic, n. A seeker; -- a name
adopted by some of the Pyrrhonists.
Ze*tet"ics (?), n. [See
Zetetic, a.] (Math.) A
branch of algebra which relates to the direct search for unknown
quantities. [R.]
Zeu"glo*don (?), n. [Gr.
(Paleon.) A genus of extinct Eocene whales,
remains of which have been found in the Gulf States. The species
had very long and slender bodies and broad serrated teeth. See
Phocodontia.
Zeu"glo*dont (?), (Zo\'94l.)
Any species of Zeuglodonta.
\'d8Zeu`glo*don"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Phocodontia.
Zeug"ma (?), n. [L., from Gr.
Yoke.]
(Gram.) A figure by which an adjective or verb,
which agrees with a nearer word, is, by way of supplement,
referred also to another more remote; as, \'bdhic illius
arma, hic currus fuit;\'b8 where fuit,
which agrees directly with currus, is referred also to
arma.
Zeug*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to zeugma; characterized by zeugma.
\'d8Zeu`go*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Zygobranchia.
Zeus (?), n. (Gr. Myth.)
The chief deity of the Greeks, and ruler of the upper world
(cf. Hades). He was identified with
Jupiter.
Zeu*ze"ri*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of a group of bombycid moths
of which the genus Zeuzera is the type. Some of these
moths are of large size. The goat moth is an example.
Zey"lan*ite (?), n.
(Min.) See Ceylanite.
{ Zib"et, Zib"eth } (?),
n. [Cf. It. zibetto. See
Civet.] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous
mammal (Viverra zibetha) closely allied to the civet,
from which it differs in having the spots on the body less
distinct, the throat whiter, and the black rings on the tail more
numerous.
Asiatic, .
Zie"ga (?), n. Curd produced
from milk by adding acetic acid, after rennet has ceased to cause
coagulation.
Brande & C.
Zie`tri*si"kite (?), n.
(Min.) A mineral wax, vert similar to ozocerite.
It is found at Zietrisika, Moldavia, whence its
name.
\'d8Zif (?), n. [Heb.
ziv.] The second month of the Jewish
ecclesiastical year, corresponding to our May.
{ Zig"ger, Zig"hyr } (?),
v. i. (Mining) Same as
Sicker. [Prov. Eng.]
Raymond.
Zig"zag` (?), n. [F.
zigzag, G. zickzack, from zacke,
zacken, a dentil, tooth. Cf. Tack a small
nail.]
1. Something that has short turns or angles.
The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the
politicians by the surer mode of zigzag.
Burke.
2. (Arch.) A molding running in a zigzag
line; a chevron, or series of chevrons. See Illust.
of Chevron, 3.
3. (Fort.) See Boyau.
Zig"zag` (?), a. Having short,
sharp turns; running this way and that in an onward course.
Zig"zag`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Zigzagged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Zigzagging.] To form with
short turns.
Zig"zag`, v. i. To move in a zigzag
manner; also, to have a zigzag shape.
R. Browning.
Zig"zag`ger*y (?), n. The
quality or state of being zigzag; crookedness.
[R.]
The . . . zigzaggery of my father's approaches.
Sterne.
Zig"zag`gy, a. Having sharp turns.
Barham.
Zil"la (?), n. (Bot.)
A low, thorny, suffrutescent, crucifeous plant (Zilla
myagroides) found in the deserts of Egypt. Its leaves are
boiled in water, and eaten, by the Arabs.
\'d8Zil"lah (?), n. [Ar.
zila.] A district or local division, as of
a province. [India]
\'d8Zimb (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large, venomous, two-winged fly,
native of Abyssinia. It is allied to the tsetse fly, and, like
the latter, is destructive to cattle.
Zim"ent-wa`ter (?), n. [G.
cement-wasser. See Cement.] A
kind of water found in copper mines; water impregnated with
copper.
Zinc (?), n. [G.
zinc, probably akin to zinn tin: cf. F.
zinc, from the German. Cf. Tin.]
(Chem.) An abundant element of the
magnesium-cadmium group, extracted principally from the minerals
zinc blende, smithsonite, calamine, and franklinite, as an easily
fusible bluish white metal, which is malleable, especially when
heated. It is not easily oxidized in moist air, and hence is used
for sheeting, coating galvanized iron, etc. It is used in making
brass, britannia, and other alloys, and is also largely consumed
in electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic weight 64.9
[Formerly written also zink.]
Butter of zinc (Old Chem.), zinc
chloride, ZnCl2, a deliquescent white waxy or
oily substance. -- Oxide of zinc.
(Chem.) See Zinc oxide, below.
-- Zinc amine (Chem.), a white
amorphous substance, Zn(NH2)2, obtained by the
action of ammonia on zinc ethyl; -- called also zinc
amide. -- Zinc amyle
(Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid, composed
of zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the atmosphere, emits
fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity. -- Zinc
blende [cf. G. zinkblende]
(Min.), a native zinc sulphide. See
Blende, n. (a) -- Zinc
bloom [cf. G. zinkblumen flowers of
zinc, oxide of zinc] (Min.), hydrous
carbonate of zinc, usually occurring in white earthy
incrustations; -- called also
hydrozincite. -- Zinc ethyl
(Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous
liquid, composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire
spontaneously on exposure to the atmosphere. -- Zinc
green, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt
oxides; -- called also Rinmann's green.
-- Zinc methyl (Chem.), a colorless
mobile liquid Zn(CH3)2, produced by the action
of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium alloy. It has a disagreeable
odor, and is spontaneously inflammable in the air. It has been of
great importance in the synthesis of organic compounds, and is
the type of a large series of similar compounds, as zinc
ethyl, zinc amyle, etc. -- Zinc
oxide (Chem.), the oxide of zinc,
ZnO, forming a light fluffy sublimate when zinc
is burned; -- called also flowers of zinc,
philosopher's wool, nihil
album, etc. The impure oxide produced by burning the
metal, roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called also
pompholyx, and tutty.
-- Zinc spinel (Min.), a mineral,
related to spinel, consisting essentially of the oxides of zinc
and aluminium; gahnite. -- Zinc vitriol
(Chem.), zinc sulphate. See White
vitriol, under Vitriol. -- Zinc
white, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used as
a pigment.
Zinc, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Zincked Zinced (;
p. pr. & vb. n. Zincking Zincing (.] To coat with
zinc; to galvanize.
Zinc"ane (?), n. (Chem.)
Zinc chloride. [Obs.]
Zinc"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zinc;
zincous.
Zinc"ide (?), n. A binary
compound of zinc. [R.]
Zinc*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Zinc + -ferous.]
Containing or affording zinc.
Zinc`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The
act or process of applying zinc; the condition of being
zincified, or covered with zinc; galvanization.
Zinc"i*fy (?), v. t.
[Zinc + -fy.]
(Metal.) To coat or impregnate with zinc.
Zinc"ite (?), n. (Min.)
Native zinc oxide; a brittle, translucent mineral, of an
orange-red color; -- called also red zinc ore,
and red oxide of zinc.
{Zinck"ing, Zinc"ing (?)
}, n. (Metal.) The act or
process of applying zinc; galvanization.
Zinck"y (?), Pertaining to zinc, or having
its appearance. [Written also
zinky.]
Zin"co- (?). A combining form from
zinc; in chemistry, designating zinc as an
element of certain double compounds. Also used adjectively.
Zinc"ode (?), n.
[Zinc + -ode, as in
electrode.] (Elec.) The positive
electrode of an electrolytic cell; anode.
[R.]
Miller.
Zin*cog"ra*pher (?), n. Am
engraver on zinc.
{ Zin`con*graph"ic (?),
Zin`con*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to zincography; as,
zincographic processes.
Zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Zinco- + -graphy.] The art
or process of engraving or etching on zinc, in which the design
is left in relief in the style of a wood cut, the rest of the
ground being eaten away by acid.
Zinc"oid (?), a.
[Zinc + -oid.] Pertaining
to, or resembling, zinc; -- said of the electricity of the
zincous plate in connection with a copper plate in a voltaic
circle; also, designating the positive pole.
[Obs.]
Zin`co-po"lar (?), a.
[Zinco- + polar.]
(Elec.) Electrically polarized like the surface
of the zinc presented to the acid in a battery, which has zincous
affinity. [Obs.]
Zinc"ous (?), a. 1.
(Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or
containing, zinc; zincic; as, zincous
salts. (b) Hence, formerly, basic,
basylous, as opposed to chlorous.
2. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the
positive pole of a galvanic battery; electro-positive.
\'d8Zin"ga*ro (?), n.; pl.
Zingari (#). [It.] A
gypsy.
Zing"el (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small, edible, freshwater European
perch (Aspro zingel), having a round, elongated body
and prominent snout.
Zin`gi*ber*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
zingiber ginger. See Ginger.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to ginger, or to a tribe
(Zingibere\'91) of endogenous plants of the order
Scitamine\'91. See Scitamineous.
Zink (?), n. (Chem.)
See Zinc. [Obs.]
Zink"en*\'c6te (?), n. [From
Zinken, director at one time of the Hanoverian
mines.] (Min.) A steel-gray metallic
mineral, a sulphide of antimony and lead.
Zink"y (?), a. See
Zincky.
Kirwan.
\'d8Zin"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So
called after Professor Zinn, of G\'94ttingen.]
(Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus
Zinnia, Mexican herbs with opposite leaves and large
gay-colored blossoms. Zinnia elegans is the commonest
species in cultivation.
Zinn"wald*ite (?), n. [So
called after Zinnwald, in Bohemia, where it
occurs.] (Min.) A kind of mica containing
lithium, often associated with tin ore.
Zin"sang (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The delundung.
Zin`zi*ber*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Same as Zingiberaceous.
Zi"on (?), n. [Heb.
ts\'c6y, originally, a hill.]
1. (Jewish Antiq.) A hill in Jerusalem,
which, after the capture of that city by the Israelites, became
the royal residence of David and his successors.
2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God.
3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.
Ziph"i*oid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Xiphioid.
Zir"co- (?). (Chem.) A
combining form (also used adjectively) designating
zirconium as an element of certain double compounds;
zircono-; as in zircofluoric acid, sodium
zircofluoride.
Zir`co*flu"or*ide (?), n.
(Chem.) A double fluoride of zirconium and
hydrogen, or some other positive element or radical; as,
zircofluoride of sodium.
Zir"con (?), n. [F., the same
word as jargon. See Jargon a variety of
zircon.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in
tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or gray color. It
consists of silica and zirconia. A red variety, used as a gem,
is called hyacinth. Colorless, pale-yellow or
smoky-brown varieties from Ceylon are called
jargon.<-- 2. an imitation gemstone made of
cubic zirconia. -->
Zircon syenite, a coarse-grained syenite
containing zircon crystals and often also el\'91olite. It is
largely developed in Southern Norway.
Zir"co*na (?), n. [NL.]
(Chem.) Zirconia.
Zir"con*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of zirconic acid.
Zir*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL.]
(Chem.) The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a
white powder, and possessing both acid and basic properties. On
account of its infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when
incandescent, it is used as an ingredient of sticks for the
Drummomd light.
<-- cubic zirconia. A colorless form of zirconia similar in
appearance and refractivity to diamond, and used as a substitute
for diamonds in inexpensive jewelry. -->
Zir*con"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or resembling,
zirconium; as, zirconic oxide; zirconic
compounds.
Zirconic acid, an acid of zirconium analogous
to carbonic and silicic acids, known only in its salts.
Zir*co"ni*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Chem.) A rare element of the
carbon-silicon group, intermediate between the metals and
nonmetals, obtained from the mineral zircon as a dark sooty
powder, or as a gray metallic crystalline substance. Symbol Zr.
Atomic weight, 90.4.
Zir"co*no (?). See Zirco-.
Zir"con*oid (?), n.
[Zircon + oid.]
(Crystallog.) A double eight-sided pyramid, a
form common with tetragonal crystals; -- so called because this
form often occurs in crystals of zircon.
Zith"er (?), n. [G.
zither. See Cittern.]
(Mus.) An instrument of music used in Austria and
Germany. It has from thirty to forty wires strung across a
shallow sounding-board, which lies horizontally on a table before
the performer, who uses both hands in playing on it. [Not
to be confounded with the old lute-shaped cittern, or
cithern.]
Zit"tern (?), n. (Min.)
See Cittern.
\'d8Zi*za"ni*a (?), n. [NL.,
from L. zizanium darnel, cockle, Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of grasses including Indian rice.
See Indian rice, under Rice.
Ziz"el (?), n. [G.
ziesel.] (Zo\'94l.) The
suslik. [Written also zisel.]
\'d8Zo`an*tha"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Actinaria, including
Zoanthus and allied genera, which are permanently
attached by their bases.
\'d8Zo`an*tha"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Anthozoa.
Zo`an*tha"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Zoantharia. -- n. One of the
Anthozoa.
Zo*an"tho*deme (?), n. [See
Zoantharia, and Deme.]
(Zo\'94l.) The zooids of a compound anthozoan,
collectively.
Zo*an"thoid (?), a. [See
Zoantharia, and -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Zoanthacea.
Zo*an"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A kind of
monomania in which the patient believes himself transformed into
one of the lower animals.
\'d8Zo*an"thus (?), n. [NL.
See Zoantharia.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of Actinaria, including numerous species, found mostly in
tropical seas. The zooids or polyps resemble small, elongated
actinias united together at their bases by fleshy stolons, and
thus forming extensive groups. The tentacles are small and bright
colored.
<-- p. 1680 -->
\'d8Zo"bo (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of domestic cattle
reared in Asia for its flesh and milk. It is supposed to be a
hybrid between the zebu and the yak.
Zo"cle (?; 277), n.
(Arch.) Same as Socle.
{ Zoc"co (?), Zoc"co*lo
(?), } n. [It. fr. L.
socculus. See Socle, and cf.
Zacco.] (Arch.) Same as
Socle.
Zo"di*ac (?), n. [F.
zodiaque (cf. It. zodiaco), fr. L.
zodiacus, Gr.
1. (Astron.) (a) An imaginary
belt in the heavens, 16 (b) A figure
representing the signs, symbols, and constellations of the
zodiac.
2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic &
R.]
By his side,
As in a glistering zodiac, hung the sword.
Milton.
Zo*di"a*cal (?), a. [Cf. F.
zodiacal.] (Astron.) Of or
pertaining to the zodiac; situated within the zodiac; as, the
zodiacal planets.
Zodiacal light, a luminous tract of the sky,
of an elongated, triangular figure, lying near the ecliptic, its
base being on the horizon, and its apex at varying altitudes. It
is to be seen only in the evening, after twilight, and in the
morning before dawn. It is supposed to be due to sunlight
reflected from multitudes of meteoroids revolving about the sun
nearly in the plane of the ecliptic.
\'d8Zo"\'89*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar larval
stage of certain decapod Crustacea, especially of crabs and
certain Anomura. [Written also
zo\'91a.]
Zo"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. An optical toy,
in which figures made to revolve on the inside of a cylinder, and
viewed through slits in its circumference, appear like a single
figure passing through a series of natural motions as if animated
or mechanically moved.
\'d8Zo"har (?), n. [Heb.
z candor, splendor.] A Jewish
cabalistic book attributed by tradition to Rabbi Simon ben Yochi,
who lived about the end of the 1st century, a. d. Modern
critics believe it to be a compilation of the 13th century.
Encyc. Brit.
Zo"ic (?), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to animals, or animal
life.
Zo"ide (?), n. (Biol.)
See Meride.
Zo*il"e*an (?), a. Having the
characteristic of Zoilus, a bitter, envious, unjust
critic, who lived about 270 years before Christ.
Zo"i*lism (?), n. Resemblance
to Zoilus in style or manner; carping criticism;
detraction.
Bring candid eyes the perusal of men's works, and let not
Zoilism or detraction blast well-intended labors.
Sir T. Browne.
Zois"ite (?), n. [After its
discoverer, Von Zois, an Austrian mineralogist.]
(Min.) A grayish or whitish mineral occurring in
orthorhombic, prismatic crystals, also in columnar masses. It is
a silicate of alumina and lime, and is allied to epidote.
\'d8Zo"kor (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Asiatic burrowing rodent
(Siphneus aspalax) resembling the mole rat. It is
native of the Altai Mountains.
\'d8Zoll"ve*rein` (?), n. [G.,
from zoll duty + verein union.]
Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the
several customs unions successively formed under the leadership
of Prussia among certain German states for establishing liberty
of commerce among themselves and common tariff on imports,
exports, and transit.
Zom"bo*ruk (?), n. (Mil.)
See Zumbooruk.
\'d8Zo"na (?), n.; pl.
Zon\'91 (#). [L., a girdle. See
Zone.] A zone or band; a layer.
Zona pellucida. [NL.]
(Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer,
or envelope, of the ovum. It is a more or less elastic membrane
with radiating stri\'91, and corresponds to the cell wall of an
ordinary cell. See Ovum, and Illust. of
Microscope. (b) The zona radiata.
-- Zona radiata [NL.] (Biol.),
a radiately striated membrane situated next the yolk of an
ovum, or separated from it by a very delicate membrane
only.
Zon"al (?), a. [L.
zonalis.] Of or pertaining to a zone;
having the form of a zone or zones.
Zonal equation (Crystallog.), the
mathematical relation which belongs to all the planes of a zone,
and expresses their common position with reference to the
axes. -- Zonal structure
(Crystallog.), a structure characterized by the
arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal in parallel
or concentric layers, which usually follow the outline of the
crystal, and mark the changes that have taken place during its
growth. -- Zonal symmetry. (Biol.)
See the Note under Symmetry.
Zo"nar (?), n. [Mod. Gr. Zone.] A belt or girdle which the Christians
and Jews of the Levant were obliged to wear to distinguish them
from Mohammedans. [Written also
zonnar.]
\'d8Zo*na"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Mammalia in which the placenta is zonelike.
Zon"ate (?), a. (Bot.)
Divided by parallel planes; as, zonate
tetraspores, found in certain red alg\'91.
Zone (?), n. [F.
zone, L. zona, Gr. j to gird, Zend
y\'beh.]
1. A girdle; a cincture.
[Poetic]
An embroidered zone surrounds her waist.
Dryden.
Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound.
Collins.
2. (Geog.) One of the five great
divisions of the earth, with respect to latitude and
temperature.
zones are five: the torrid
zone, extending from tropic to tropic 46temperate or
variable zones, situated between the tropics and the
polar circles; and two frigid zones, situated between
the polar circles and the poles.
Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every tempest, and
invades.
Bancroft.
3. (Math.) The portion of the surface of
a sphere included between two parallel planes; the portion of a
surface of revolution included between two planes perpendicular
to the axis.
Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.)
4. (Nat. Hist.) (a) A band or
stripe extending around a body. (b) A band
or area of growth encircling anything; as, a zone of
evergreens on a mountain; the zone of animal or
vegetable life in the ocean around an island or a continent; the
Alpine zone, that part of mountains which is above the
limit of tree growth.
5. (Crystallog.) A series of planes
having mutually parallel intersections.
6. Circuit; circumference. [R.]
Milton.
Abyssal zone. (Phys. Geog.) See
under Abyssal. -- Zone axis
(Crystallog.), a straight line passing through the
center of a crystal, to which all the planes of a given zone are
parallel.
Zone, v. t. To girdle; to
encircle. [R.]
Keats.
Zoned (?), a. 1.
Wearing a zone, or girdle.
Pope.
2. Having zones, or concentric bands;
striped.
3. (Bot.) Zonate.
Zone"less (?), a. Not having a
zone; ungirded.
The reeling goddess with the zoneless waist.
Cowper.
In careless folds, loose fell her zoneless
vest.
Mason.
Zon"nar (?), n. See
Zonar.
Zon"u*lar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped. \'bdThe
zonular type of a placenta.\'b8
Dana.
Zon"ule (?), n. A little zone,
or girdle.
Zon"u*let (?), n. A
zonule.
Herrick.
Zon"ure (?), n.
[Zone + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several of South African
lizards of the genus Zonura, common in rocky
situations.
Zo"\'94- (?). A combining form from Gr.
zwo^,n an animal, as in
zo\'94genic, zo\'94logy, etc.
Zo`\'94*chem"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to zo\'94chemistry.
Zo`\'94*chem"is*try (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + chemistry.]
Animal chemistry; particularly, the description of the
chemical compounds entering into the composition of the animal
body, in distinction from biochemistry.
Zo*\'94ch"e*my (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. Animal
chemistry; zo\'94chemistry.
Dunglison.
\'d8Zo`\'94*chlo*rel"la (?), n.
[NL., dim. from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the small green granulelike
bodies found in the interior of certain stentors, hydras, and
other invertebrates.
Zo"\'94*cyst (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + cyst.]
(Biol.) A cyst formed by certain Protozoa and
unicellular plants which the contents divide into a large number
of granules, each of which becomes a germ.
\'d8Zo`\'94*cy"ti*um (?), n.;
pl. Zo\'94cytia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The common support, often branched, of
certain species of social Infusoria.
\'d8Zo`\'94*den"dri*um (?), n.;
pl. Zo\'94dendria (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The branched, and often treelike, support of the colonies of
certain Infusoria.
\'d8Zo*\'d2"ci*um (?), n.; pl.
Zo\'d2cia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of
the cells or tubes which inclose the feeling zooids of Bryozoa.
See Illust. of Sea Moss.
Zo`\'94*e*ryth"rine (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar organic red coloring matter
found in the feathers of various birds.
Zo*\'94g"a*mous (?), a.
[Zo\'94- + Gr.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining zo\'94gamy.
Zo*\'94g"a*my (?), n.
(Biol.) The sexual reproduction of animals.
Zo`\'94*gen"ic (?), a.
[Zo\'94- + -gen + -ic: cf.
Gr. (Biol.) Of or
pertaining to zo\'94geny, animal production.
{ Zo*\'94g"e*ny (?),
Zo*\'94g"o*ny (?), } n.
[Zo\'94- + root of Gr. The doctrine of the formation of living
beings.
Zo`\'94*ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + geography.] The
study or description of the geographical distribution of
animals.
Zo`\'94*ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to zo\'94graphy.
\'d8Zo`\'94*gl\'d2"a (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. (Biol.) A colony or mass of
bacteria imbedded in a viscous gelatinous substance. The
zo\'94gl\'d2a is characteristic of a transitory stage through
which rapidly multiplying bacteria pass in the course of their
evolution. Also used adjectively.
Zo*\'94g"ra*pher (?), n. One
who describes animals, their forms and habits.
{ Zo`\'94*graph"ic (?),
Zo`\'94*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. zoographique.] Of or
pertaining to the description of animals.
Zo*\'94g"ra*phist (?), n. A
zo\'94grapher.
Zo*\'94g"ra*phy (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + -graphy: cf. F.
zoographie.] A description of animals,
their forms and habits.
Zo"oid (?), a.
[Zo\'94- + -oid.]
(Biol.) Pertaining to, or resembling, an
animal.
Zo"oid, n. 1. (Biol.)
An organic body or cell having locomotion, as a spermatic
cell or spermatozooid.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal in
one of its inferior stages of development, as one of the
intermediate forms in alternate generation. (b)
One of the individual animals in a composite group, as of
Anthozoa, Hydroidea, and Bryozoa; -- sometimes restricted to
those individuals in which the mouth and digestive organs are not
developed.
Zo*oid"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a zooid; as, a zooidal
form.
Zo*\'94l"a*try (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. The
worship of animals.
Zo*\'94l"o*ger (?), n. A
zo\'94logist.
Boyle.
Zo`\'94*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. zoologique.] Of or pertaining to
zo\'94logy, or the science of animals.
Zo`\'94*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
zo\'94logical manner; according to the principles of
zo\'94logy.
Zo*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F.
zoologiste.] One who is well versed in
zo\'94logy.
Zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Zo\'94logies (#).
[Zo\'94- + -logy: cf. F.
zoologie. See Zodiac.]
1. That part of biology which relates to the animal
kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution,
classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both
living and extinct.
2. A treatise on this science.
Zo`\'94*mel"a*nin (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + melanin.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A pigment giving the black color
to the feathers of many birds.
Zo`\'94*mor"phic (?), a.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. Of or
pertaining to zo\'94morphism.
Zo`\'94*mor"phism (?), n.
1. The transformation of men into beasts.
[R.]
Smart.
2. The quality of representing or using animal
forms; as, zo\'94morphism in ornament.
3. The representation of God, or of gods, in the
form, or with the attributes, of the lower animals.
To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into the
vastly greater, and more absurd, error of
zo\'94morphism.
Mivart.
\'d8Zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl.
Zoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal
which is the sole product of a single egg; -- opposed to
zooid. H. Spencer. (b)
Any one of the perfectly developed individuals of a compound
animal.
Zo*\'94n"ic (?), a. [Gr. zoonique.] Of or pertaining
to animals; obtained from animal substances.
Zo"\'94*nite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the segments of
the body of an articulate animal. (b) One of
the theoretic transverse divisions of any segmented animal.
Zo*\'94n"o*my (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. zoonomie.] The laws animal life, or the
science which treats of the phenomena of animal life, their
causes and relations.
Zo"\'94*nule (?), n. [Dim. fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Zo\'94nite.
Zo`\'94*pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + pathology.]
Animal pathology.
<-- p. 1681 -->
\'d8Zo*\'94ph"a*ga (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An artificial group comprising various
carnivorous and insectivorous animals.
Zo*\'94ph"a*gan (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A animal that feeds on animal
food.
Zo*\'94ph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
Feeding on
animals.
sarcophagous or carnivorous.
Zo*\'94ph"i*list (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. A lover
of animals.
Southey.
Zo*\'94ph"i*ly (?), n. Love of
animals.
Zo"\'94*phite (?), n. A
zo\'94phyte. [R.]
Zo`\'94*phor"ic (?), a. [Gr.
zoophorique.] Bearing or supporting the
figure of an animal; as, a zo\'94phoric
column.
\'d8Zo*\'94ph"o*rous (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. Zo\'94phoric.]
(Anc. Arch.) The part between the architrave and
cornice; the frieze; -- so called from the figures of animals
carved upon it.
\'d8Zo*\'94ph"y*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial and
heterogeneous group of animals, formerly adopted by many
zo\'94logists. It included the c
Zo"\'94*phyte (?), n. [F.
zoophyte, Gr. Zodiac, and Be,
v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which
more or less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of growth, as
the corals, gorgonians, sea anemones, hydroids, bryozoans,
sponges, etc., especially any of those that form compound
colonies having a branched or treelike form, as many corals and
hydroids. (b) Any one of the
Zo\'94phyta.
{ Zo`\'94*phyt"ic (?),
Zo`\'94*phyt"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. zoophytique.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to zo\'94phytes.
Zo*\'94ph"y*toid (?), a.
[Zo\'94phyte + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a
zo\'94phyte.
Zo`\'94*phyt`o*log"ic*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. zoophytologique.] Of or
pertaining to zo\'94phytology; as,
zo\'94phytological observations.
Zo*\'94ph`y*tol"o*gy (?; 277), n.
[Zo\'94phyte + -logy: cf. F.
zoophytologie.] The natural history
zo\'94phytes.
Zo`\'94*prax"i*scope (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. -scope.] An instrument similar to,
or the same as, the, the phenakistoscope, by means of which
pictures projected upon a screen are made to exhibit the natural
movements of animals, and the like.
Zo`\'94*psy*chol"o*gy (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + psychology.]
Animal psychology.
Zo"\'94*sperm (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + sperm.]
(Biol.) One of the spermatic particles;
spermatozoid.
\'d8Zo`\'94*spo*ran"gi*um (?), n.;
pl. -sporangia (#). [NL. See
Zo\'94-, and Sporangium.]
(Bot.) A spore, or conceptacle containing
zo\'94spores.
Zo"\'94*spore (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + spore.]
1. (Bot.) A spore provided with one or
more slender cilia, by the vibration of which it swims in the
water. Zo\'94spores are produced by many green, and by some
olive-brown, alg\'91. In certain species they are divided into
the larger macrozo\'94spores and the smaller microzo\'94spores.
Called also sporozoid, and
swarmspore.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See
Swarmspore.
Zo`\'94*spor"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to zo\'94spores; of the nature of zo\'94spores.
Zo*\'94t"ic (?), a. [Gr. Containing the remains of organized bodies;
-- said of rock or soil.
Zo`\'94*tom"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. zootomique.] Of or pertaining to
zo\'94tomy.
Zo*\'94t"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F.
zootomiste.] One who dissects animals, or
is skilled in zo\'94tomy.
Zo*\'94t"o*my (?), n.
[Zo\'94- + Gr. zootomie.] The dissection or the anatomy of
animals; -- distinguished from androtomy.
Zo`\'94*troph"ic (?), a. [Gr.
Zo\'94-, and Trophic.]
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the nourishment of
animals.
Zoo"zoo` (?), n. [Of imitative
origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The wood pigeon.
[Prov. Eng.]
Zope (?), n. [G.]
(Zo\'94l.) A European fresh-water bream
(Abramis ballerus).
Zo"pi*lote (?), n. [Sp.]
(Zo\'94l.) The urubu, or American black
vulture.
Zor"il (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Zorilla.
Zo*ril"la (?), n. [Sp.
zorilla, zorillo, dim. of zorra,
zorro, a fox: cf. F. zorille.]
(Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of small
African carnivores of the genus Ictonyx allied to the
weasels and skunks. [Written also zoril,
and zorille.]
Ictonyx zorilla)
has black shiny fur with white bands and spots. It has anal
glands which produce a very offensive secretion, similar to that
of the skunk. It feeds upon birds and their eggs and upon small
mammals, and is often very destructive to poultry. It is
sometimes tamed by the natives, and kept to destroy rats and
mice. Called also mariput, Cape
polecat, and African polecat. The
name is sometimes erroneously applied to the American
skunk.
Zo`ro*as"tri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious
system.
Zo`ro*as"tri*an (?), n. A
follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.
Zo`ro*as"tri*an*ism (?), n. The
religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the
ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia;
mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an
opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship,
under Fire, and Parsee.
Zo`ro*as"trism (?), n. Same as
Zoroastrianism.
Tylor.
\'d8Zos"ter (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Zone.]
(Med.) Shingles.
\'d8Zos"te*ra (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the
Naiadace\'91, or Pondweed family. Zostera
marina is commonly known as sea wrack, and
eelgrass.
\'d8Zos"ter*ops (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds that comprises the
white-eyes. See White-eye.
Zouave (?; 277), n. [F., fr.
Ar. Zouaoua a tribe of Kabyles living among the
Jurjura mountains in Algeria.] (Mil.)
(a) One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in
the French service, originally Arabs, but now composed of
Frenchmen who wear the Arab dress. (b)
Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and
drill of the Zouaves, as was done by a number of volunteer
regiments in the army of the United States in the Civil War,
1861-65.
Zounds (?), interj. [Contracted
from God's wounds.] An exclamation formerly
used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.
Zoutch (?; 277), v. t.
(Cookery) To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with
just enough or liquid to cover them.
Smart.
Zubr (?), n. [Polish
.] (Zo\'94l.) The
aurochs.
Zuche (?), n. A stump of a
tree.
Cowell.
Zu*chet"to (?), n. [It.
zucchetto.] (R. C. Ch.) A
skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The
pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a priest's
black.
\'d8Zu"fo*lo (?; 277), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A little flute or
flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds.
[Written also zuffolo.]
Zui"sin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American widgeon.
[Local, U. S.]
Zu"lus (?), n. pl.; sing.
Zulu (. (Ethnol.)
The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They
inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly
occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their
warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.
Zum*boo"ruk (?), n. [Turk. &
Ar. zamb, fr. Ar. zamb a
hornet.] (Mil.) A small cannon supported by
a swiveled rest on the back of a camel, whence it is fired, --
used in the East.
Zu"mic (?), a.,
Zu`mo*log"ic*al (, a.,
Zu*mol"o*gy (, n.,
Zu*mom"e*ter (, n., etc.
See Zymic, Zymological, etc.
Zu" (?), n. pl.; sing.
Zu (.
(Ethnol.) A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a
village in New Mexico, on the Zu River.
Zun"yite (?), n. (Min.)
A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals
at the Zu mine in Colorado.
\'d8Zwan"zi*ger (?), n.
[G.] Am Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20
kreutzers, or about 10 cents.
\'d8Zy*gan"trum (?), n.; pl.
Zygantra (#). [Gr. (Anat.) See under
Zygosphene.
Zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Zygapophyses (#). [Gr. apophysis.] (Anat.) One of
the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually
four, two anterior and two posterior. See under
Vertebra. --
Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al (#),
a.
Zyg"e*nid (?), n. [Cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of moths of the family
Zyg\'91nid\'91, most of which are bright colored. The
wood nymph and the vine forester are examples. Also used
adjectively.
\'d8Zyg`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of marine gastropods in
which the gills are developed on both sides of the body and the
renal organs are also paired. The abalone (Haliotis)
and the keyhole limpet (Fissurella) are
examples.
Zyg`o*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Zygobranchia.
{ Zyg`o*dac"tyl, Zyg`o*dac"tyle }
(?), n. [See
Zygodactylic.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
zygodactylous bird.
\'d8Zyg`o*dac"ty*l\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The zygodactylous
birds. In a restricted sense applied to a division of birds which
includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides, and other related
birds.
\'d8Zyg`o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Scansores.
{ Zyg`o*dac"ty*lic (?),
Zyg`o*dac"tyl*ous (?; 277), }
a. [Gr. zygodactyle.] (Zo\'94l.)
Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; -- applied
to birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the
parrot, cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.
\'d8Zy*go"ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.)
(a) The jugal, malar, or cheek bone.
(b) The zygomatic process of the temporal
bone. (c) The whole zygomatic arch.
Zyg`o*mat"ic (?; 277), a. [Cf.
F. zygomatique.] (Anat.) Of,
pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma.
Zygomatic arch, the arch of bone beneath the
orbit, formed in most mammals by the union of the malar, or
jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the
lower vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may
be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some
reptiles. -- Zygomatic process, a process of
the temporal or squamosal bone helping to form the zygomatic
arch.
{ Zyg`o*mor"phic (?),
Zyg`o*mor"phous (?), } a.
[Gr. (Biol.)
Symmetrical bilaterally; -- said of organisms, or parts of
organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves only
in a single plane.
Zy"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Any plant of a
proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes,
Zygophyta, or Zygospore\'91), in which
reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf.
O\'94phyte.
\'d8Zy*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Biol.)
Same as Conjugation.
Zyg"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. sperm.] (Bot.) A spore
formed by the union of the contents of two similar cells, either
of the same or of distinct individual plants. Zygosperms are
found in certain orders of alg\'91 and fungi.
Zyg"o*sphene (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) A median
process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebr\'91
of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa, called
the zygantrum, on the back part of the arch in
front.
Zyg"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) (a)
Same as Zygosperm. (b) A spore
formed by the union of several zo\'94spores; -- called also
zygozo\'94spore.
Zy"lon*ite (?), n. [Gr. Celluloid.
Zym"ase (?), n. [From
Zyme.] (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble
ferment, or enzyme. See Enzyme.
Zyme (?), n. [Gr.
1. A ferment.
2. (Med.) The morbific principle of a
zymotic disease.
Quain.
Zym"ic (?), a. (Old
Chem.) Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; --
formerly, by confusion, used to designate lactic acid.
Zym"o*gen (?), n.
[Zyme + -gen.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme
or chemical ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being
themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to
a ferment.
The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though
there is present in it a body, zymogen, which gives
birth to the ferment.
Foster.
Zym"o*gene (?), n.
[Zyme + root of Gr.
(Biol.) One of a physiological group of globular
bacteria which produces fermentations of diverse nature; --
distinguished from pathogene.
Zym`o*gen"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) (a) Pertaining to, or formed by,
a zymogene. (b) Capable of producing a
definite zymogen or ferment.
Zymogenic organism (Biol.), a
micro\'94rganism, such as the yeast plant of the Bacterium
lactis, which sets up certain fermentative processes by
which definite chemical products are formed; -- distinguished
from a pathogenic organism. Cf.
Micrococcus.
{ Zy`mo*log"ic (?),
Zy`mo*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. zymologique.] Of or pertaining
to zymology.
Zy*mol"o*gist (?), n. One who
is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of liquors.
Zy*mol"o*gy (?), n.
[Zyme + -logy: cf. F.
zymologie.] A treatise on the fermentation
of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation.
[Written also zumology.]
Zy"mome (?), n. [Gr. (Old Chem.) A glutinous
substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling legumin; -- now
called vegetable fibrin, vegetable
albumin, or gluten casein.
{ Zy*mom"e*ter (?),
Zy`mo*sim"e*ter (?), } n.
[Gr. -meter:
cf. F. zymosim\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture
of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire
in fermentation.
Zym"o*phyte (?), n.
[Zyme + Gr. (Physiol.
Chem.) A bacteroid ferment.
Zy*mose" (?), n. (Chem.)
Invertin.
\'d8Zy*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
(a) A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by
which an infectious disease is believed to be developed.
(b) A zymotic disease. [R.]
Zy*mot"ic (?), a. [Gr.
1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by,
fermentation.
2. (Med.) Designating, or pertaining to,
a certain class of diseases. See Zymotic disease,
below.
Zymotic disease (Med.), any
epidemic, endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is
produced by some morbific principle or organism acting on the
system like a ferment.<-- now infectious disease. -->
Zy"them (?), n. See
Zythum.
Zy*thep"sa*ry (?), n. [Gr. A brewery.
[R.]
\'d8Zy"thum (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr.
A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and
wheat. [Written also zythem.]
<-- End of main (1890) section of the dictionary. See also the
"Department of New Words" -->
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