Document 0092
 DOCN  M9610092
 TI    The snout and palmomental reflexes in HIV disease in Tanzania.
 DT    9601
 AU    Howlett WP; Nkya WM; Kvale G; Nilssen S; Center for International
       Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
 SO    Acta Neurol Scand. 1995 Jun;91(6):470-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96012349
 AB    Following earlier observations on the snout (SR) and palmomental(PMR)
       reflexes in AIDS in Tanzania, a series of 1127 adults, 649 HIV-positive
       and 478 HIV-negative, from 4 groups at different risk of HIV infection
       were examined neurologically between 1987 and 1992. The prevalence of SR
       and PMR was calculated according to HIV status, HIV stage, demographic
       factors and neurologic findings. In the total series of HIV positives
       the prevalence ranged from SR 39.3% and PMR 22.6% in asymptomatic HIV
       disease to SR 87% and PMR 69% in terminal AIDS. In HIV negatives the
       prevalence of SR was 19.2% and PMR 15.3%, and increased with age. There
       was no relationship with age in the HIV positives and no gender
       differences. SR and PMR were also associated with neuropathy, myelopathy
       and AIDS dementia complex independent of HIV stage. This study shows a
       strong association between SR and PMR and HIV disease in Africa. The
       prevalence increased with HIV stage and related neurological disorders.
 DE    *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome  Adolescence  Adult  Comparative
       Study  *Facial Muscles  Female  Human  HIV Seropositivity/*DIAGNOSIS
       Lymphocyte Count  Male  Middle Age  *Muscle Contraction  *Reflex
       Retrospective Studies  Severity of Illness Index  Tanzania  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

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       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).