Document 0566
 DOCN  M9610566
 TI    Radionuclide brain imaging in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
 DT    9601
 AU    Costa DC; Gacinovic S; Miller RF; University College London Medical
       School, Middlesex Hospital, UK.
 SO    Q J Nucl Med. 1995 Sep;39(3):243-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96033593
 AB    Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) may
       produce a variety of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and signs.
       CNS involvement in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
       (AIDS) includes AIDS dementia complex or HIV-1 associated
       cognitive/motor complex (widely known as HIV encephalopathy),
       progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML), opportunistic
       infections such as Toxoplasma gondii, TB, Cryptococcus and infiltration
       by non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma. High resolution structural imaging
       investigations, either X-ray Computed Tomography (CT scan) or Magnetic
       Resonance Imaging (MRI) have contributed to the understanding and
       definition of cerebral damage caused by HIV encephalopathy. Atrophy and
       mainly high signal scattered white matter abnormalities are commonly
       seen with MRI. PML produces focal white matter high signal abnormalities
       due to multiple foci of demyelination. However, using structural imaging
       techniques there are no reliable parameters to distinguish focal lesions
       due to opportunistic infection (Toxoplasma gondii abscess) from neoplasm
       (lymphoma infiltration). In this manuscript we review the use of
       radionuclide brain imaging techniques in the investigation of HIV
       infected patients. Brain perfusion single photon emission tomography
       (SPET), neuroreceptor and positron emission tomography (PET) studies are
       reviewed. Greater emphasis is put on the potential of some
       radiopharmaceuticals, considered to be brain tumor markers, to
       distinguish intracerebral lymphoma infiltration from Toxoplasma
       infection. SPET with 201Tl using quantification (tumour to nontumour
       radioactivity ratios) appears a very promising technique to identify
       intracerebral lymphoma.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS/*RADIONUCLIDE  IMAGING
       AIDS Dementia Complex/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING  AIDS-Related Opportunistic
       Infections/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING  Brain/*RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING  Brain
       Diseases/COMPLICATIONS/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING  Brain
       Neoplasms/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING  Human  JOURNAL ARTICLE

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