Document 0808
 DOCN  M9610808
 TI    Unraveling the neuroimmune mechanisms for the HIV-1-associated
       cognitive/motor complex.
 DT    9601
 AU    Nottet HS; Gendelman HE; Dept of Pathology and Microbiology, University
       of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5215, USA.
 SO    Immunol Today. 1995 Sep;16(9):441-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96058254
 AB    Infection of the brain with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) often
       leads to the devastating loss of mental faculties. Surprisingly, HIV-1
       elicits such brain dysfunction without significantly infecting neurons,
       astrocytes and oligodendroglia. The target for HIV-1 in the brain is the
       macrophage, which usually functions as a phagocytic, antigen-presenting
       and immune-regulatory cell. How can these cells produce such serious
       cognitive and motor brain impairments? Here, Hans Nottet and Howard
       Gendelman propose that HIV-1 penetrates the blood-brain barrier inside
       differentiating macrophages, which become immune activated once inside
       the brain, and secrete high levels of neurotoxins. Chronic, subclinical
       disease results by astrocyte regulation of macrophage effector
       functions. Ultimately, endogenous control mechanisms break down, leading
       to motor and mental impairments in some affected subjects.
 DE    Astrocytes/IMMUNOLOGY/VIROLOGY  AIDS Dementia
       Complex/ETIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY/THERAPY  Brain/VIROLOGY  Human
       HIV-1/*IMMUNOLOGY  Macrophages/IMMUNOLOGY  Neuroimmunomodulation
       Neurotoxins/BIOSYNTHESIS  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't,
       P.H.S.  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).