Document 0495
 DOCN  M9620495
 TI    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells in breast milk:
       association with immunosuppression and vitamin A deficiency.
 DT    9602
 AU    Nduati RW; John GC; Richardson BA; Overbaugh J; Welch M; Ndinya-Achola
       J; Moses S; Holmes K; Onyango F; Kreiss JK; Department of Pediatrics,
       University of Nairobi, Kenya.
 SO    J Infect Dis. 1995 Dec;172(6):1461-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96083488
 AB    Breast milk samples from human immunodeficiency virus type 1
       (HIV-1)-seropositive women were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to
       determine the prevalence and determinants of HIV-1-infected cells in
       breast milk. Breast milk samples (212) were collected from 107 women,
       and 58% of the samples had detectable HIV-1 DNA. The proportion of
       HIV-1-infected cells in the milk samples ranged from 1 to 3255/10(4)
       cells. Breast milk samples with detectable HIV-1 DNA were more likely to
       be from women with absolute CD4 cell counts of < 400 (odds ratio, 3.1;
       95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-7.0). Severe vitamin A deficiency (<
       20 micrograms/dL) was associated with a 20-fold increased risk of having
       HIV-1 DNA in breast milk among women with < 400 CD4 cells/mm3 (95% CI,
       2.1-188.5). Women with CD4 cell depletion, especially those with vitamin
       A deficiency, may be at increased risk of transmitting HIV-1 to their
       infants through breast milk.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  CD4 Lymphocyte Count  *Disease Transmission,
       Vertical  Female  Human  HIV-1/*ISOLATION & PURIF  *Immune Tolerance
       Milk, Human/*VIROLOGY  Pregnancy  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Vitamin A
       Deficiency/*VIROLOGY  CLINICAL TRIAL  JOURNAL ARTICLE  RANDOMIZED
       CONTROLLED TRIAL

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