Document 1073
 DOCN  M9651073
 TI    Susceptibility to Leishmania major infection in interleukin-4-deficient
       mice [see comments]
 DT    9505
 AU    Noben-Trauth N; Kropf P; Muller I; Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
       04609, USA.
 SO    Science. 1996 Feb 16;271(5251):987-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96172358
 CM    Comment in: Science 1996 Feb 16;271(5251):912-3
 AB    Interleukin-4 (IL-4), a pleiotropic cytokine, is a major regulator of
       the immune system and is considered crucial for the development of T
       helper cell type 2 (TH2) responses. The susceptibility of BALB/c mice to
       infection with Leishmania major has been associated with a polarized TH2
       response and an inability to down-modulate IL-4 production. The role of
       IL-4 in vivo was examined directly by disrupting the IL-4 gene in BALB/c
       embryonic stem cells. Despite the absence of IL-4, the genetically pure
       BALB/c mutant mice remained susceptible to L. major infection, showed no
       signs of lesion healing or parasite clearance, and did not switch to a
       TH1 phenotype.
 DE    Animal  Base Sequence  Cytokines/ANALYSIS  Disease Susceptibility
       IgE/BLOOD  IgG/BLOOD  Immunity, Natural  Interferon Type II/BIOSYNTHESIS
       Interleukin-4/BIOSYNTHESIS/DEFICIENCY/GENETICS/*IMMUNOLOGY  Leishmania
       major/*IMMUNOLOGY  Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/*IMMUNOLOGY  Mice  Mice,
       Inbred BALB C  Mice, Knockout  Molecular Sequence Data  Support,
       Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Th1 Cells/IMMUNOLOGY  Th2
       Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

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