Communications (Poland)
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     Railroads:
         27,041 km total; 24,287 km 1.435-meter gauge, 397 km 1.520-meter gauge,
         2,357 km narrow gauge; 8,987 km double track; 11,016 km electrified;
         government owned (1989)
     Highways:
         299,887 km total; 130,000 km improved hard surface (concrete, asphalt, stone
         block); 24,000 km unimproved hard surface (crushed stone, gravel); 100,000
         km earth; 45,887 km other urban roads (1985)
     Inland waterways:
         3,997 km navigable rivers and canals (1989)
     Pipelines:
         natural gas 4,500 km, crude oil 1,986 km, petroleum products 360 km (1987)
     Ports:
         Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie; principal inland ports are Gliwice on
         Kana Gliwice, Wrocaw on the Oder, and Warsaw on the Vistula
     Merchant marine:
         222 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,851,016 GRT/4,019,531 DWT; includes
         5 short-sea passenger, 79 cargo, 4 refrigerated cargo, 14 roll-on/roll-off
         cargo, 12 container, 1 petroleum tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 102 bulk, 1
         passenger; Poland owns 1 ship of 6,333 DWT operating under Liberian registry
     Civil air:
         48 major transport aircraft
     Airports:
         160 total, 160 usable; 85 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over
         3,659 m; 35 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 65 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
     Telecommunications:
         severely underdeveloped and outmoded system; cable, open wire and microwave;
         phone density is 10.5 phones per 100 residents (October 1990); 3.1 million
         subscribers; exchanges are 86% automatic (February 1990); broadcast stations
         - 27 AM, 27 FM, 40 (5 Soviet repeaters) TV; 9.6 million TVs; 1 satellite
         earth station using INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, INMARSAT and Intersputnik