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Human Anatomy-Back
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Page 2 of book "ha.aux"
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Figure 1.1
Figure 1.1
.  Muscles of the Back
5 Index of Figures
ion Procedure
2.3.9 Spinal Ganglia, Posterior Root
Levels C3 to L5
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Atlas (C1 vertebra)
Clavicle
Superior angle of scapula
Acromion
Spine of scapula
Scapula 
Inferior angle of scapula
Humerus
Spinous process of vertebra
Iliac crest
Posterior superior iliac spine
Sacrum
Posterior view of the skeleton of the trunk.
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Figure 1.2
Figure 1.2
.  Muscles of the Back
Dissection Procedure
1.3.1 Skin Incisions and Reflections of the Back
Skin incisions of the back.
Rohen/Yokochi: 348-350
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Figure 1.3
Figure 1.3
Splenius capitis m.
Ligamentum nuchae
Trapezius m.
Spine of scapula
Deltoid m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres major m.
Latissimus dorsi m.
Triceps m.
Triangle of auscultation
Thorocolumbar fascia
Lumbar triangle
Iliac crest
Superficial layer of the extrinsic muscles of the back.
ct the skin flaps laterally 
from the midline.
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Figure 1.4
Figure 1.4
.  Muscles of the Back
 the Back
borders of the trapezius 
muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle (Figure 1.3). 
Anatomically, two triangular shaped spaces can be identified: the triangle of auscultation 
and the lumbar triangle. The triangle of auscultation is bordered by the trapezius muscle, 
latissimus dorsi muscle, and the medial border of the scapula. The lumbar triangle is 
bordered by the latissimus dorsi muscle, external abdominal oblique muscle, and iliac crest. 
Splenius capitis m.
Levator scapulae m.
Rhomboid minor m.
Rhomboid major m.
Erector spinae m.
Serratus posterior inferior m.
IC1_K
Intermediate layer of the extrinsic muscles of the back.
225,243;187
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Figure 1.5
Figure 1.5
.  Muscles of the Back
b,3,100,114
Laboratory 1.  Muscles of the Back
nd Transverse Cervical Vessels
185,IC1_J
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Splenius capitis m.
Serratus posterior inferior m.
Erector spinae m.
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Figure 1.6
Figure 1.6
.  Muscles of the Back
 the Back
1.  Muscles of the Back
 Accessory Nerve (CN XI) and Transverse Cervical Vessels
Semispinalis capitis m.
Semispinalis cervicis m.
Erector spinae m.
Spinalis thoracis m.
Longissimus thoracis m.
Iliocostalis thoracis m.
Intrinsic muscles of the back.
ections of the Back
e Cervical Vessels
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Figure 1.7
.  Muscles of the Back
Laboratory 1.  Muscles of the Back
tion of Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
Scapulae Muscles
rse cervical artery and vein.
Rectus capitis minor m.
Trapezius m.
Semispinalis capitis m.
Rectus capitis major m.
Occipital a.
Superior oblique m.
Transverse process of C1 vertebra
Greater occipital n.
Spinal n. C1
Spinal n. C2
Spinal n. C2
Vertebral a.
Semispinalis cervicis m.
Inferior oblique m.
Trapezius m.
Splenius capitis m.
Semispinalis capitis m.
The suboccipital region.
issimus Dorsi Muscles
n/Yokochi: 212 and 221
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Figure 2.1
.  Muscles of the Back
 the Back
kochi: 212 and 221
homboid, Major and Minor, and Levator Scapulae Muscles
eep surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle, near its upper border, attempt to locate the thoracodorsal nerve and blood vessels which supply it.  The nerve and accompanying vessels will be dissected in Laboratory Five.
Spinous process
Transverse process
Lamina
Superior articular process
Pedicle
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral body
Intervertebral foramen
Superior articular process
Transverse process
Articular facets
Intervertebral disc
Inferior vertebral notch
Inferior articular process
Spinous process
Superior and lateral views of typical vertebrae.
apulae Muscles
] and serratus 
posterior inferior muscle, [another specimen ] which are classified as the intermediate 
muscles of the back (Figure 1.5). Detach these muscles from their attachments to the 
spinous processes and reflect them laterally.
480480480480480480480480480480480480
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Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2
.  Muscles of the Back
Laboratory 1.  Muscles of the Back
erector spinae muscle is formed by three columns of muscles (Figure 1.6).  The most 
lateral column is the iliocostalis thoracis muscle; the intermediate column is the longissimus 
thoracis muscle; and the most medial column is the spinalis muscle.  There are three 
divisions of iliocostalis muscle that are named for their regional location: iliocostalis 
lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, and iliocostalis cervicis.  There are also three divisions of  
the longissimus muscle: longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus 
capitis and three divisions of the spinalis muscle: spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and 
spinalis capitis. 
Occipital bone
Ligamentum nuchae
Vertebral a.
Supraspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
Spinous process of vertebra
Lamina of vertebral
Ligaments of the vertebral column.
XI) and Transverse Cervical Vessels
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figure_button (
Sfigure_button
buttondown
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mouseenter
.&+	+E
mouseleave
figure_button (
Sfigure_button
buttondown
.&+	+E
mouseenter
.&+	+E
mouseleave
figure_button (
Sfigure_button
buttondown
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mouseenter
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figure_button (
Sfigure_button
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Figure 2.3
Figure 2.3
.  Muscles of the Back
Laboratory 1.  Muscles of the Back
r Spinae Muscles
vicis Muscles
Vertebral Levels C3 to L5
200;Figure 1.5
Ligamentum nuchae
Intervertebral foramen
Supraspinous ligament
Intervertebral disc
Interspinous ligament
Vertebral body
Ligamentum flavum
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Spinous process
Lamina vertebral
Posterior longitudinal litgament
Sagittal section of vertebrae showing intervertebral discs and associated ligaments.
 1.  Muscles of the Back
IC1_F
47647666
buttons
Sfigure_button
buttondown
.&+	+E
mouseenter
.&+	+E
mouseleave
figure_button (
Sfigure_button
buttondown
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mouseenter
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figure_button (
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Figure 2.4
Figure 2.4
.  Muscles of the Back
255,281
b,1,318,332
Laboratory 1.  Muscles of the Back
l Space
b,897,897
d,203,IC1_A
g,88,108;207,IC1_M
g,149,158;Figure 1.6
g,194,221;204,IC1_M
g,255,281;206,IC1_M
g,318,332;208,IC1_M
 the longissimus thoracis muscle; and the most medial column is the spinalis muscle.  There are three divisions of iliocostalis muscle that are named for their regional location: iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, and iliocostalis cervicis.  There are also three divisions of  the longissimus muscle: longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus capitis and three divisions of the spinalis muscle: spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis. 
Helpful Mnemonic:  The three columns of erector spinae muscles can be remembered with the phrase  I Like Standing  (Iliocostalis muscle, Longissimus muscle, and Spinalis muscle), which also reminds the student of the primary function of these muscles in keeping the body in the erect position.
Spinal cord:  Gray matter
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
White matter
Subarachnoid space
Posterior (dorsal root)
Pia mater
Posterior primary ramus
Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion
Spinal n.
Anterior primary ramus
Anterior (ventral) root
Rami communicantes
Sympathetic ganglion
Sympathetic trunck
Superior view of a section through the spinal cord within the vertebral foramen.
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_D
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC5_11H
IC5_11F
buttons
Sfigure_button
buttondown
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mouseenter
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figure_button (
Sfigure_button
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figure_button (
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figure_button (
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figure_button (
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Figure 2.5
Figure 2.5
.  Muscles of the Back
b,3,40,40
b,3,64,64
Laboratory 1.  Muscles of the Back
plenius cervicis muscles, [indicated on the left], on one side only, at their attachment to the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes and reflect them laterally.
Gray matter of spinal cord
White matter of spinal cord
Denticulate ligament
Posterior (dorsal) rootlets
Pia mater
Denticulate ligament
Anterior (ventral) rootlets
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Coverings of the spinal cord.
erior and Inferior Muscles
n/Yokochi: 210, 211, 215, 222, and 223
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_E
IC1_E
buttons
Sfigure_button
buttondown
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mouseenter
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figure_button (
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figure_button (
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figure_button (
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figure 1.1
p1.3.4
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.6
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 2.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.7
p1.3.8
Figure 2.4
Figure 1.5
Figure 2.5
lesson
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