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1994-01-17
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$Unique_ID{BRK03640}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Cutis Laxa}
$Subject{Cutis Laxa Dermatolysis Chalazodermia Dermatomegaly Chalasodermia
Dermatochalasia Congenital Cutis Laxa Syndrome Acquired Cutis Laxa Syndrome}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
175:
Cutis Laxa
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Cutis Laxa) is not the name
you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate names
and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Dermatolysis
Chalazodermia
Dermatomegaly
Chalasodermia
Dermatochalasia
DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
Congenital Cutis Laxa Syndrome
Acquired Cutis Laxa Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Cutis Laxa is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by lax skin
hanging in loose folds which may be thickened and is often pigmented. There
are two forms of the syndrome. The congenital form may be either apparent at
birth or within the first few months of life. This form may be inherited as
either an autosomal dominant or as an autosomal recessive condition. The
acquired form of Cutis Laxa appears at puberty or later, and occurs only
rarely.
Symptoms
The congenital form of Cutis Laxa which is present at birth or is noticed
during the first months of life, is frequently preceded by episodes of edema
(swelling). It is characterized by a loss of elasticity of the skin and the
formation of skin folds. This occurs wherever the skin is normally loose and
hanging, but is particularly noticeable on the face. Children afflicted with
the disorder often have a mournful or Churchillian face due to the lax skin
folds. The disorder progresses during infancy and becomes less evident after
puberty. While adult males may exhibit infantile genitalia and impotence,
the general development of patients afflicted with the disorder is usually
normal. In severe cases, there may be progressive pulmonary emphysema
resulting in cor pulmonale (enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart).
Occasionally, there may be hernias or the presence of diverticula in the GI
tract.
The acquired form of Cutis Laxa is clinically distinct from the
congenital form. The disease may develop insidiously and it may appear at
puberty or later in life, often preceded by episodes of angioedema or
inflammation. The skin changes represented by folding are slow to develop.
These folds may be either generalized or limited to the face, body or neck.
There is vascular fragility and purpura (purplish reddish spots on the skin).
Aortic rupture, pulmonary complications, respiratory insufficiency due to
emphysema or gastroenteric manifestations may also occur. It may also
develop following a severe illness involving fever, polyserositis, and
erythema multiforme, usually in children or adolescents.
Causes
The cause of Cutis Laxa Syndromes is unknown. It may be inherited as either
an autosomal recessive (more malignant forms) or incomplete autosomal
dominant trait. Diagnostic distinction from the acquired form is only
clinical and the etiologic distinction between the two forms is not clear.
Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
and one from the mother.
In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one
normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the
disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
be genetically normal.
In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from
either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene
and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
The congenital form of the disorder is more severe when emphysema is
present. The disorder also appears to be more severe when it is inherited as
an autosomal recessive trait. When the disease is inherited as an autosomal
dominant trait, frequently the only problem associated with the disorder is
cosmetic.
The severity of the acquired form of Cutis Laxa Syndrome is determined by
the intensity, progression and pulmonary complications of the disorder.
Therapies: Standard
While there is no specific therapy for patients with Cutis Laxa Syndromes,
plastic surgery usually considerably improves the appearance of individuals
with the inherited form, but may be less successful in acquired Cutis Laxa.
Appropriate treatment of cardiorespiratory complications is necessary when
they occur.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Cutis Laxa, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
Clearinghouse
Box AMS
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 495-4484
For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 2100.