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$Unique_ID{BRK03824}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Histidinemia}
$Subject{Histidinemia Histidase Deficiency }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
623:
Histidinemia
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of this article (Histidinemia) is not
the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM list to find the alternate
names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Histidase Deficiency
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
of this report.
Histidinemia is a very rare hereditary metabolic disorder characterized
by a deficiency of the enzyme histidase which is necessary for the metabolism
of the amino acid histidine. The concentration of histidine is elevated in
the blood. Excessive amounts of histidine, imidazole pyruvic acid, and other
imidazole metabolism products are excreted in the urine. Mental retardation
and a speech defect have been found in some cases of histidinemia, while in
other cases, no obvious symptoms appear to indicate that a person may have
this disorder.
Symptoms
Early cases of histidinemia were characterized by mental retardation and a
characteristic speech defect. Seizures, unusual behavior and learning
disabilities were found. The concentration of the amino acid histidine is
elevated in the blood. Excessive amounts of histidine, imidazole pyruvic
acid, and other imidazole metabolism products are excreted in the urine.
Most persons with histidinemia adapt to the presence of excessive histidine
in the blood and do not suffer any ill effects. Scientists are now able to
recognize histidinemia in a wide range of patients with and without symptoms.
Causes
Histidinemia is inherited through autosomal recessive genes in most cases.
(Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear
unless a person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each
parent. If a person receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease,
he or she will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no
symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple,
both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is 25 percent. Fifty
percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above.
Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one
from each parent, and will be genetically normal.)
Affected Population
Histidinemia is estimated to occur in about one in 20,000 births. The
abnormality begins at birth, and affects males and females in equal numbers.
It is now thought to be a probably benign disorder. Early cases were
discovered by screening patients in institutions for the mentally retarded,
accounting for the initial association with mental defects.
Related Disorders
There are many metabolic disorders that may cause symptoms similar to those
attributed to histidinemia, including speech defects, learning disorders
and/or mental retardation. (For more information, choose "metabolic" as your
search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Histidinuria due to a renal tubular defect is a very rare, autosomal
recessive genetic metabolic disorder, characterized by excessive levels of
the amino acid histidine in the urine. The disorder is caused by a defect of
histidine reabsorption in the distal tubules of the kidney.
Therapies: Standard
Usually no treatment of histidinemia is necessary. Speech therapy can be
helpful to overcome speech defects. Genetic counseling can be of benefit to
families with histidinemia.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
December 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
the most current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Histidinemia, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
Box NDDIC
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 468-6344
Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
Crewe CW1 1XN, England
Telephone: (0270) 250244
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
HISTIDINEMIA: B.N. LA DU; In: THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th
ed.; McGraw Hill, 1983. P. 347.
HISTIDINAEMIA. PART I: RECONCILING RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE
FINDINGS: C.R. Scriver, et al.; Journal Inherited Metab Dis (1983: issue
6(2)). Pp. 51-53.
HISTIDINAEMIA. PART II: IMPACT; A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: A. Rosenmann, et
al.; Journal Inherited Metab Dis (1983: issue 6(2)). Pp. 54-57.
HISTIDINAEMIA. PART III: IMPACT; A PROSPECTIVE STUDY; J.T. Coulombe,
et al.; Journal Inherited Metab Dis (1983: issue 6(2)). Pp. 58-61.
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. Pp. 1027-1028.