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$Unique_ID{BRK03871}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Ichthyosis, Lamellar Recessive}
$Subject{Ichthyosis, Lamellar Recessive Disorder of Cornification 4 DOC 4
(Lamellar Recessive Type) Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby;
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma; Xeroderma) X-Linked Ichthyosis Sjogren
Larsson Syndrome }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
Disorders, Inc.
544:
Ichthyosis, Lamellar Recessive
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Lamellar Recessive
Ichthyosis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
on the next page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by
this article.
Synonyms
Disorder of Cornification 4
DOC 4 (Lamellar Recessive Type)
Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
Erythroderma; Xeroderma)
X-Linked Ichthyosis
Sjogren Larsson Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a serious skin disorder. Cornification,
which is the conversion of the upper layer of the skin into scaly or
platelike (squamous) type skin, is the major symptom. The entire body
surface is involved, with large, dark, platelike scales. In serious cases,
the eyelids and the lips may turn outward (ectropion).
Symptoms
Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a serious skin disorder characterized by
large, dark, platelike scales (cornification) over the entire body surface.
The eyelids and lips are turned outward in the most serious cases. A slight
redness (erythroderma) underlies the scales. Moderate thickening of the
outer skin layer (keratoderma) on the palms of the hands and the soles of the
feet usually also occurs. The appearance of a newborn with Lamellar
Recessive Ichthyosis is similar to that of Ichthyosis Congenita. Analysis of
fats (lipids) from the stratum corneum of the skin shows increased free
sterols and ceramides but normal hydrocarbon (alkane) content.
Causes
Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a hereditary disorder transmitted through
autosomal recessive genes. (Human traits including the classic genetic
diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one
gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the
children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but
healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
normal.)
Affected Population
Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is a very rare disorder occuring in less than
one out of every 200,000 persons or five per million in the United States.
There are about 1,250 persons with the disorder, and nineteen babies are born
annually with this disorder.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders may be similar to those of Lamellar
Recessive Ichthyosis. Comparisons can be useful for a differential
diagnosis:
"Ichthyoses" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
a group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
mortar holding these cells together. (For more information, choose
"Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
Erythroderma; Xeroderma; Desquamation of Newborn) is an inherited skin
disorder. It is characterized by generalized, abnormally red, dry and rough
skin, with large, coarse scales. Itchiness (pruritus) usually also develops.
Skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is abnormally thick.
(For more information, choose "Ichthyosis Congenita" as your search term in
the Rare Disease Database.)
X-Linked Ichthyosis is an inherited skin disorder caused by a deficiency
of the enzyme steroid sulfatase. This enzyme deficiency leads to biochemical
alterations in steroid hormone metabolism. (For more information, choose "X-
Linked Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Other forms of Ichthyosis include Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Netherton
Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix, Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier
Disease, Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and
Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis. (Search under each name for more information
on that disorder in the Rare Disease Database.
Therapies: Standard
Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis is treated by applying skin softening
(emollient) ointments, preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can be
especially effective after bathing while the skin is still moist. Salicylic
acid gel is another particularly effective ointment. The skin should be
covered at night with an airtight, waterproof dressing when this ointment is
used. Lactate lotion can also be an effective treatment for this disorder.
Therapies: Investigational
Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide, and
etretinate can also be effective against symptoms of Lamellar Ichthyosis, but
can cause toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A synthetic derivative
of Vitamin A, isotretinoin, when taken by pregnant women, can cause severe
birth defects to the fetus. These Vitamin A compounds have not yet been
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of
Ichthyosis.
The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
Interested persons may contact:
Dr. Sherri Bale
National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 402-2679
The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
Lamellar Recessive Ichthyosis. The product is manufactured by:
Cellegy Pharmaceuticals
371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
Novato, CA 94949
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Ichthyosis Vulgaris, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
P.O. Box 20921
Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
(919) 782-5728
(800) 545-3286
The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
Clearinghouse
Box AMS
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 495-4484
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue
5(1)). Pp. 155-178.
THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTATE 12% LOTION IN THE TREATMENT OF
ICHTHYOSIS. ACTIVE VERSUS VEHICLE AND ACTIVE VERSUS A PETROLEUM CREAM: M.
Buxman, et al.; Journal Am Acad Dermatol (December 1986: issue 15(6)). Pp.
1253-1258.
THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1027-1039.