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$Unique_ID{BRK03989}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome}
$Subject{Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome Melkersson Syndrome MRS Cheilitis
Granulomatosa Bell's Palsy Amyloidosis, Type V }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
599:
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Melkersson-Rosenthal
Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Melkersson Syndrome
MRS
Cheilitis Granulomatosa
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Bell's Palsy
Amyloidosis, Type V
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Recurrent
swelling (edema) of the face, especially the lip, is accompanied by
intermittent paralysis and a fissured tongue (lingua plicata). This disorder
usually begins during childhood.
Symptoms
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is characterized by chronic swelling of the
face and peripheral facial paralysis (affecting one or both sides of the
face) that tends to relapse. In some cases, a fissured tongue (lingua
plicata) may also occur. Facial swelling may only involve one lip, although
both lips can be affected. Long-term swelling may cause facial or lip tissue
to eventually be increased by excessive fibrous tissue. Lengthy intervals
may separate occurrences, and swelling may not occur at the same time as the
paralysis. In rare cases, the facial paralysis may become permanent.
Causes
The exact cause of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is not known. It is
believed to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete
penetrance. (In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene
(received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating"
the other normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk
of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty
percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
Incomplete penetrance means that all characteristics of a particular trait
may not be manifested in all those who inherit the gene.) Other researchers
believe that Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is an autoimmune disease.
Autoimmune disorders are caused when the body's natural defenses (antibodies)
against invading organisms suddenly begin to attack healthy tissue. Some
cases may be linked to abnormal immune reactions by blood cells which produce
antibodies to a thyroid protein (thyroglobulin), organ wall (parietal) cells,
adrenal cells, or thyroid.
Affected Population
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome usually begins during childhood and tends to
affect females more often than males. This disorder was originally
identified in Europe.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Melkersson-
Rosenthal Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Bell's Palsy is a unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset resulting
from ischemia or compression of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) in its
canal in the temporal bone. It is non-progressive and benign, and may be
partial or complete. The affected muscles usually regain their function
after one or two months, although in cases of extensive nerve damage, all or
part of the paralysis may be permanent. (For more information on this
disorder, choose "Bell" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Amyloidosis, Type V, also known as cerebral arterial or Iceland type
Amyloidosis, results from the extracellular accumulation of amyloid, a
glycoprotein, in quantities sufficient to cause dysfunction. Symptoms such
as facial paralysis or swelling similar to Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome may
occur in some cases. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Amyloidosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of facial paralysis in Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome may involve
surgery to decompress the facial nerve. However, caution should be used in
recommending this procedure since it may not be effective in all patients.
Abnormally swollen lips may be reduced by surgical intervention. Local
injections of triamcinolone acetonide solution may provide improvement in
some patients. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
A pilot study involving the anti-Leprosy drug clofazimine as a treatment for
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is underway. The mode of action clofazimine
takes in this disorder is not well understood. Therefore, more intensive
research is necessary before complete therapeutic value can be evaluated.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5751
(800) 352-9424
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
Co., 1987. Pp. 486.
MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: M.W. Minor, et al.; J Allergy Clin
Immunol (July 1987, issue 80 (1)). Pp. 64-67.
INTRALESIONAL T LYMPHOCYTE PHENOTYPES AND HLA-DR EXPRESSION IN
MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: L. Ronnblom, et al.; Int J Oral Maxillofac
Surg (October 1986, issue 15 (5)). Pp. 614-619.
TOTAL FACIAL NERVE DECOMPRESSION IN RECURRENT FACIAL PARALYSIS AND THE
MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: A PRELIMINARY REPORT: M.D. Graham, et al.; Am
J Otol (January 1986, issue 7 (1)). Pp. 34-37.
THE MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: W. B. Wadlington, et al.; Pediatrics
(April 1984, issue 73 (4)). Pp. 502-560.