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$Unique_ID{BRK04146}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Pseudohypoparathyroidism}
$Subject{Pseudohypoparathyroidism Martin-Albright Syndrome Seabright-Bantam
Syndrome Turner Syndrome}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
Inc.
625:
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of this article
(Pseudohypoparathyroidism) is not the name you expected. Please check the
SYNONYM list to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by
this article.
Synonyms
Martin-Albright Syndrome
Seabright-Bantam Syndrome
Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Turner Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
of this report.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a hereditary disorder characterized by an
inadequate response to the parathyroid hormone, although this hormone is
present in normal amounts. This inadequate response affects bone growth in
patients with Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Headaches, weakness, easy fatigue,
lack of energy, and blurred vision or hypersensitivity to light may also
occur. Unusual sensations, stiffness or cramps in arms or legs, palpitations
and abdominal pain may be noticed. A round face, thick short stature and
short fourth fingers are also found in patients with this disorder. Mental
retardation also occurs. The prognosis is good for most patients. Hormonal
and calcium replacement therapy is often useful, but the lack of growth may
persist.
Symptoms
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is characterized by short stature, a round face,
short neck, and shortened bones in the hands and feet. Intelligence usually
ranges from low normal to mentally retarded. Headaches, weakness, tiring
easily, lethargy, cataracts and blurred vision or hypersensitivity to light
may also be present. During childhood, seizures may occur. Teeth with
underdeveloped enamel tend to erupt later than normal during infancy. Levels
of calcium in the blood are usually low, while phosphate and the parathyroid
hormone are elevated. Patients with Pseudohypoparathyroidism can lead a
normal life.
Causes
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a hereditary disorder inherited either through X-
linked dominant genes or through autosomal dominant genes.
Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
mother.
X-linked disorders are conditions which are coded on the X chromosome.
Females have two X chromosomes, but males have one X chromosome and one Y
chromosome. Therefore in females, disease traits on the X chromosome can be
masked by the normal gene on the other X chromosome. Since males only have
one X chromosome, if they inherit a gene for a disease present on the X, it
will be expressed.
In X-linked dominant disorders the female with only one x chromosome
affected will develop the disease. However, the affected male always has a
more severe condition. Sometimes affected males die before birth so that
only female patients survive.
In autosomal dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene
(received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating"
the other normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk
of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50 percent
for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of
Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
diagnosis:
Turner Syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting females which is
characterized by lack of sexual development, small stature, possible mental
retardation, a webbed neck, heart defects, and various other congenital
abnormalities, often including the same deformities of the hands as in
Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Individuals have an XO karyotype, i.e., they have
neither the second X chromosome that characterizes females nor the Y
chromosome of males. However, they are females. (For more information,
choose "Turner" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Therapies: Standard
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is treated with the vitamin compound 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D which promotes reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
December 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
the most current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Pseudohypoparathyroidism, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
PHP Self-Help Clearinghouse
104 Northern Parkway West
Plainview, NY 11803
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
Box NDDIC
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 468-6344
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS PARATHYROID HORMONE ON TUBULAR
REABSORPTION OF CALCIUM IN PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM: M. Yamamoto, et al.
THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
al., eds; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 2089-1091, 2109-2110.
RENAL-NONRESPONSIVE, BONE-RESPONSIVE PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM: S.
Dabbagh, et al.; Am Journal Dis Child (November 1984: issue 138(11)). Pp.
1030-1033.