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$Unique_ID{BRK04179}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Retinopathy, Arteriosclerotic}
$Subject{Retinopathy Arteriosclerotic Arteriosclerosis, Retina }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
327:
Retinopathy, Arteriosclerotic
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Arteriosclerotic
Retinopathy) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
article.
Synonyms
Arteriosclerosis, Retina
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy is a series of changes in the retina that
are caused by arteriosclerosis. It is characterized by bleeding in the
retina, thick fluid oozing from the retina, impaired oxygenation of the
retina, an abrupt reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle which may cause
dying off of tissue (myocardial infarction), and hardening of the walls of
the little arteries (arterioles) in the eye. These degenerative changes can
cause vision impairment.
Symptoms
In Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy the opening (lumen) of the little arteries
(arterioles) in the retina is irregular. The retina is the layer of the
eyeball that contains the light sensitive nerve cells. This layer also
contains a large number of little blood vessels. This disorder causes
thickening of the arterial walls which in turn causes the arterioles to
become contorted.
Flame shaped or pinpoint spots of bleeding may also occur, although they
are apparent only during examination of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. The
retina may show oozing of thick liquid, and dying tissue (necrosis) in
certain spots. The place where the optic nerve enters the retina (optic disk
or papilla) as seen by the ophthalmologist, may be blurred. The retina may
become detached, and arterial spasm may occur. Eventually internal bleeding
or clotting (thrombosis) of the central vein and withering away (atrophy) of
the retina may result, which can cause progressive vision impairment.
Causes
Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy usually occurs as a result of progressive
hardening of the blood vessels by calcification and loss of elastic tissue
(arteriosclerosis). Arteriosclerosis is a general term which includes a
number of blood vessel diseases such as fatty degeneration of the arteries
(atherosclerosis), and may also include changes in the shape of the arteries.
With age, the blood vessels often become more contorted and less elastic.
Certain biochemical, physical and environmental factors, known as risk
factors may predispose an individual to arteriosclerosis.
Affected Population
Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy affects persons with fatty degeneration
(atherosclerosis), and hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis). This
type of Retinopathy usually affects people over age 50 years
Related Disorders
Hypertensive Retinopathy is a syndrome of changes in the retina caused by
hypertension. It is characterized by progressive changes in the little
arteries (arterioles) of the eye and swelling (edema), resulting in vision
impairment. (For more information, choose "hypertensive retinopathy" as your
search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Papilledema (Choked Disk) is a swelling (edema) of the portion of the
retina where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. The swelling is due to
increased pressure inside the skull that may be caused by a variety of
conditions.
Therapies: Standard
Therapy for Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy consists of treating the underlying
arteriosclerosis. An excess of lipids in the blood (hyperlipidemia) can be
prevented by changes in dietary habits. Fat intake should be reduced, and
saturated fats should be replaced with polyunsaturated fats. The intake of
cholesterol, saturated and short-chain fatty acids (such as those in meats or
dairy products), should be reduced. Weight reduction to normal, or even
slightly under current statistical norms, is recommended. Drugs may be
required in certain patients to reduce blood cholesterol and lipids.
Prevention of arteriosclerosis is possible by good control of diabetes
when present, and by weight loss if obesity is a factor. Cigarette smoking
may also aggravate arteriosclerosis and should be limited or stopped.
Regular exercise may be a helpful therapeutic measure. Hypertension should
be identified and treated early.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Eye Institute
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5248
Eye Research Institute of the Retina Foundation
20 Staniford Street
Boston, MA 02114
(617) 742-3140
American Foundation for the Blind (AFB)
1010 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 1100
New York, NY 10011
(202) 393-3666
American Heart Association
7320 Greenville Ave.
Dallas, TX 75231
(214) 750-530
References
CURRENT MEDICAL INFORMATION AND TERMINOLOGY, 5th ed: Asher J. Finkel, et.
al., eds; American Medical Association, 1981. Pp. 392, 2011.