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$Unique_ID{BRK04249}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Syringobulbia}
$Subject{Syringobulbia Syringomyelia Amyloid Neuropathy Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
382:
Syringobulbia
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Syringobulbia) is not the
name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS section to find other
disorders covered by this article.
Synonyms
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders
section of this report:
Syringomyelia
Amyloid Neuropathy
Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Syringobulbia is a neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled
cavity (syrinx) within the brain stem. The cavity is a congenital lesion,
but for unknown reasons it often expands during adolescence or the young
adult years. Syringobulbia usually occurs as a slitlike gap within the
lower brainstem that may affect the lower cranial nerves including sensory
and motor nerve pathways by disruption or compression.
Symptoms
Syringobulbia may cause dizziness (vertigo), involuntary rapid movement of
the eyeball (nystagmus), and loss of feelings of pain and temperature in the
face. Atrophy and small local involuntary contractions (fibrillation) of the
tongue muscle may also occur, as well as stuttering (dysphonia), and a shrill
or harsh voice.
Syringobulbia is a slowly progressive disorder. Porous bones
(osteoporosis) may occur in long-standing cases.
Causes
Syringobulbia is most often a congenital disorder of unknown cause. In some
cases the disorder may be inherited, but the mode of transmission is unknown.
The disorder may be associated with an excess of a type of nerve cells
that constitute the white matter of the brain (astrocytes) in damaged areas
of the central nervous system, or the formation of cavities in the brainstem.
Frequently, there is an association with an exposed spinal cord (spina
bifida), an extra rib arising from a neck vertebra (cervical rib), or
asymmetry of the skull.
Affected Population
Syringobulbia can affect persons of either sex. It usually occurs before 30
years of age.
Related Disorders
Syringomyelia is a neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled
cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord. The cavity is a congenital lesion,
but for unknown reasons it often expands during adolescence or the young
adult years. The syrinx is situated near the middle of the spine. It
usually begins in the neck (cervical) area, but may extend virtually along
its whole length. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Syringomyelia" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Amyloid Neuropathy is a hereditary disorder in which an abnormal
glycoprotein, called amyloid, accumulates in the nervous system in amounts
sufficient to impair its function. It often affects the elderly. (For more
information on this disorder, choose "Amyloidosis" as your search term in the
Rare Disease Database.)
The Arnold-Chiari Syndrome is characterized by a displacement of the
brainstem into the spinal cord. Infants with the disorder may exhibit
symptoms such as vomiting, mental impairment, and weakness. There may
possibly be paralysis of the extremities. The Arnold-Chiari Syndrome usually
appears in a milder form in adolescents. Swelling of the optic nerve region
(papilledema), nystagmus, ataxia, transient abnormal sensations
(paresthesias) and paralysis affecting the eyes or lower cranial nerves may
also occur. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Arnold-Chiari"
as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Neoplasms and vascular malformations in the brainstem may also cause
neurological symptoms similar to those of Syringobulbia.
Therapies: Standard
An accurate diagnosis of Syringobulbia can be arrived at by using
myelography, as well as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Intraoperative
Sonography has been used during surgery to evaluate the effectiveness of the
procedure as it is being performed.
Other treatment of Syringobulbia is symptomatic and supportive.
Radiation has not proven to be of any benefit in treatment of this disorder.
Therapies: Investigational
Plugging of the obex at the lower end of the fourth ventricle of the brain
has been advocated by some for treatment of Syringobulbia, but the effects of
this surgical procedure are hard to evaluate, since the natural course of the
disorder is variable. Consideration of such radical experimental surgery
should be carefully made.
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
April 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Syringobulbia, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5751
(800) 352-9424
Spinal Cord Injury
2201 Argonne Drive
Baltimore, MD 21218
24-Hour Hotline, 1-800-526-3456
In Maryland, 1-800-638-1733
American Spinal Injury Association
250 E. Superior Street, Room 619
Chicago, IL 60611
(312) 649-3425
National Spinal Cord Injury Association
600 W. Cummings Park
Woburn, MA 01801
References
SYRINGOBULBIA AS A CAUSE OF LARYNGEAL STRIDOR IN CHILDHOOD: H. Alcala, et.
al.; Neurology (NY) (September 1975: issue 25,9). Pp. 875-878.
INFANTILE HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME, NEURENTERIC CYST, AND SYRINGOBULBIA:
H.D. Chung, et. al.; Neurology (NY) (April 1982: issue 32,4). Pp. 441-444.