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- System of arithmetic applying to any set of
- non-numerical symbols, and the axioms and
- rules by which they are combined or operated
- upon. It is sometimes known as generalized
- arithmetic. The basics of algebra were
- familiar in Babylon 2000 BC, and were
- practised by the Arabs in the Middle Ages. In
- the 9th century, the Arab mathematician
- Muhammad ibn-Musa al-Khwarizmi first used the
- words hisab al-jabr (`calculus of reduction')
- as part of the title of a treatise. Algebra
- is used in many branches of mathematics, such
- as matrix algebra and Boolean algebra, the
- method of algebraic reasoning first devised
- in the 19th century by the British
- mathematician George Boole and used in
- working out the logic for computers.
-