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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1997
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Member of an ancient Mexican civilization
that migrated south into the valley of Mexico
in the 12th century, and in 1325 began
reclaiming lake marshland to build their
capital, Tenochtitlan, on the site of
present-day Mexico City. Under Montezuma I
(reigned from 1440), the Aztecs created a
tribute empire in central Mexico. Nahuatl is
the Aztec language and it belongs to the
Uto-Aztecan family of languages.
The Aztecs are known for their architecture,
jewellery (gold, jade, and turquoise), and
textiles. Their form of writing combined
hieroglyphs and pictographs, and they used a
complex calendar that combined a sacred
period of 260 days with the solar year of 365
days. Propitiatory rites were performed at
the intersection of the two, called the
`dangerous' period, every 52 years, when
temples were rebuilt (useful as a date mark
for archaeologists). Their main god in a
pantheon of gods was Huitzilopochtli
(Hummingbird Wizard), but they also
worshipped the feathered serpent
Quetzalcoatl, inherited from earlier Mexican
civilizations. Religious ritual included
human sacrifice on a large scale, the priests
tearing the heart from the living victim or
flaying people alive. War captives were
obtained for this purpose, but their own
people were also used. The Aztec state was a
theocracy with farmers, artisans, and
merchants taxed to support the priestly
aristocracy.
Subject by: Russell Webb