home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1997
/
The_Epic_Interactive_Encyclopedia_97.iso
/
menufiles
/
europedia
/
yugoslavia.txt
< prev
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-09-02
|
3KB
|
37 lines
The Serbian state first emerged from the Byzantine Empire in the thirteenth
century; however, after being conquered by the Turks at the end of the
fourteenth century it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. Only in 1878
did Serbia gain independence. In 1918 Serbia together with Montenegro, which
had been part of Serbia in the fourteenth century, joined with its Balkan
neighbours to form the 'Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' under the
rule of the Serb King. In 1929 the country was renamed Yugoslavia. During
the Second World War the country was occupied by the Axis forces of Nazi
Germany and Fascist Italy. Chetniks (Serb royalists), Ustashe (Croatian
nationalists) and Partisans (Communists) all fought against one another and
the feelings of distrust and bitterness remain today. After the war
Yugoslavia reunited as a Communist federal republic under Josip Tito. Tito
ruled until his death in 1980 soon after which nationalism within the
republics began to rise; Communism also became increasingly unpopular. In
1990 there were a few days of fighting between the JNA (the Serb dominated
Federal Yugoslav Army) and Slovenian forces which eventually ended when the
Communist federal government withdrew the JNA. Slovenia had successfully won
its independence which was declared on 25 June 1991. Croatia, too, declared
independence on that day but the situation here was more volatile because
the ethnic Serb minority within the republic opposed independence. The JNA
backed Serb minority attacked the Croat defence forces and this quickly
developed into civil war. On 15 October 1991 Bosnia and Herzegovina was the
next republic to declare its independence, the decision later being endorsed
by a referendum within the republic. However, again a Serb minority (one
third of the republic's population) opposed independence. In 1992 the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was reconstituted, now consisting of the
republics of Serbia and Montenegro alone; however, international recognition
has not followed. Next the UN imposed economic sanctions and a trade embargo
on the newly constituted Yugoslavia because of its support for the rebel
Bosnian Serbs. Then the JNA was withdrawn from Bosnia. In order to divert
the threat of even more severe sanctions against it the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia severed all economic and political links with the Bosnian Serbs
in 1994. The situation remains far from resolved. As it presently stands the
population of the newly formed republic is mainly Serbian Orthodox and
Serbo-Croat is principally spoken; however, Albanian and Hungarian are also
spoken.