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- Instrument for detecting radio waves from the
- universe. Radio telescopes usually consist of
- a metal bowl that collects and focuses radio
- waves the way a concave mirror collects and
- focuses light waves. Other radio telescopes
- are shaped like long troughs, and some
- consist of simple rod-shaped aerials. Radio
- telescopes are much larger than optical
- telescopes, because the wavelengths they are
- detecting are much longer than the wavelength
- of light. A large dish such as that at
- Jodrell Bank, England, can see the radio sky
- less clearly than a small optical telescope
- sees the visible sky. The largest single dish
- is 305 m/1,000 ft across, at Arecibo, Puerto
- Rico. Interferometry is a technique in which
- the output from two dishes is combined to
- give better resolution of detail than with a
- single dish. Very long baseline
- interferometry (VBLI) uses radio telescopes
- spread across the world to resolve minute
- details of radio sources. In aperture
- synthesis, several dishes are linked together
- to simulate the performance of a very large
- single dish. This technique was pioneered by
- Martin Ryle at Cambridge, England, site of a
- radio telescope consisting of eight dishes in
- a line 5 km/3 mi long. The Very Large Array
- in New Mexico consists of 27 dishes arranged
- in a Y-shape, which simulates the performance
- of a single dish 27 km/17 mi in diameter.
-