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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1997
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1992-09-02
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Instrument for detecting radio waves from the
universe. Radio telescopes usually consist of
a metal bowl that collects and focuses radio
waves the way a concave mirror collects and
focuses light waves. Other radio telescopes
are shaped like long troughs, and some
consist of simple rod-shaped aerials. Radio
telescopes are much larger than optical
telescopes, because the wavelengths they are
detecting are much longer than the wavelength
of light. A large dish such as that at
Jodrell Bank, England, can see the radio sky
less clearly than a small optical telescope
sees the visible sky. The largest single dish
is 305 m/1,000 ft across, at Arecibo, Puerto
Rico. Interferometry is a technique in which
the output from two dishes is combined to
give better resolution of detail than with a
single dish. Very long baseline
interferometry (VBLI) uses radio telescopes
spread across the world to resolve minute
details of radio sources. In aperture
synthesis, several dishes are linked together
to simulate the performance of a very large
single dish. This technique was pioneered by
Martin Ryle at Cambridge, England, site of a
radio telescope consisting of eight dishes in
a line 5 km/3 mi long. The Very Large Array
in New Mexico consists of 27 dishes arranged
in a Y-shape, which simulates the performance
of a single dish 27 km/17 mi in diameter.