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- 1753-1823. French general and politician. A
- member of the National Convention in the
- French Revolution, he organized the armies of
- the republic. He was war minister 1800-01 and
- minister of the interior 1815 under Napoleon.
- His work on fortification, De la defense de
- places fortes 1810, became a military
- textbook. Minister of the interior during the
- Hundred Days, he was proscribed at the
- restoration of the monarchy and retired to
- Germany. Carnot joined the army as an
- engineer, and his transformation of French
- military technique in the revolutionary
- period earned him the title of `Organizer of
- Victory'. After the coup d'etat of 1797 he
- went abroad, but returned in 1799 when
- Napoleon seized power. In 1814 as governor of
- Antwerp he put up a brilliantly successful
- defence.
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