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- King of France from 1560. Second son of Henry
- II and Catherine de' Medici, he succeeded his
- brother Francis II at the age of ten but
- remained under the domination of his mother's
- regency for ten years while France was torn
- by religious wars. In 1570 he fell under the
- influence of the Huguenot leader Admiral
- Coligny (1517-72); alarmed by this, Catherine
- instigated his order for the Massacre of St
- Bartholomew, which led to a new religious
- war.
-