home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- 1874-1965. British Conservative politician.
- In Parliament from 1900, as a Liberal until
- 1923, he held a number of ministerial
- offices, including First Lord of the
- Admiralty 1911-15 and chancellor of the
- Exchequer 1924-29. Absent from the cabinet in
- the 1930s, he returned Sept 1939 to lead a
- coalition government 1940-45, negotiating
- with Allied leaders in World War II; he was
- again prime minister 1951-55. Nobel Prize for
- Literature 1953. He was born at Blenheim
- Palace, the elder son of Lord Randolph
- Churchill. During the Boer War he was a war
- correspondent and made a dramatic escape from
- imprisonment in Pretoria. In 1900 he was
- elected Conservative member of Parliament for
- Oldham, but he disagreed with Chamberlain's
- tariff-reform policy and joined the Liberals.
- Asquith made him president of the Board of
- Trade 1908, where he introduced legislation
- for the establishment of labour exchanges. He
- became home secretary 1910. In 1911 Asquith
- appointed him First Lord of the Admiralty. In
- 1915-16 he served in the trenches in France,
- but then resumed his parliamentary duties and
- was minister of munitions under Lloyd George
- 1917, when he was concerned with the
- development of the tank. After the armistice
- he was secretary for war 1918-21 and then as
- colonial secretary played a leading part in
- the establishment of the Irish Free State.
- During the postwar years he was active in
- support of the Whites (anti-Bolsheviks) in
- Russia. In 1922-24 Churchill was out of
- Parliament. He left the Liberals 1923, and
- was returned for Epping as a
- Constitutionalist 1924. Baldwin made him
- chancellor of the Exchequer, and he brought
- about Britain's return to the gold standard
- and was prominent in the defeat of the
- General Strike of 1926. In 1929-39 he was out
- of office as he disagreed with the
- Conservatives on India, rearmament, and
- Chamberlain's policy of appeasement. On the
- first day of World War II he went back to his
- old post at the Admiralty. In May 1940 he was
- called to the premiership as head of an
- all-party administration and made a much
- quoted `blood, tears, toil, and sweat' speech
- to the House of Commons. He had a close
- relationship with US president Roosevelt, and
- in Aug 1941 concluded the Atlantic Charter
- with him. He travelled to Washington,
- Casablanca, Cairo, Moscow, and Tehran,
- meeting the other leaders of the Allied war
- effort. In Feb 1945 he met Stalin and
- Roosevelt in the Crimea and agreed on the
- final plans for victory. On 8 May he
- announced the unconditional surrender of
- Germany. On 23 May 1945 the coalition was
- dissolved, and Churchill formed a caretaker
- government drawn mainly from the
- Conservatives. Defeated in the general
- election in July, he became leader of the
- opposition until the election Oct 1951, in
- which he again became prime minister. In Apr
- 1955 he resigned. His home from 1922,
- Chartwell in Kent, is a museum. His books
- include a six-volume history of World War II
- (1948-54) and a four-volume History of the
- English-Speaking Peoples (1956-58). In 1911
- he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty.
- In 1915-16 he served in the trenches in
- France but then resumed his parliamentary
- duties and was minister of munitions under
- Lloyd George 1917, when he was concerned with
- the development of the tank. After the
- armistice he was secretary for war 1918-21
- and then as colonial secretary played a
- leading part in the establishment of the
- Irish Free State. During the postwar years he
- was active in support of the Whites
- (anti-Bolsheviks) in Russia. From 1929 to
- 1939 he was out of office as he disagreed
- with the Conservatives on India, rearmament,
- and Chamberlain's policy of appeasement. On
- the first day of World War II he went back to
- his old post at the Admiralty. In May 1940 he
- was called to the premiership as head of an
- all-party administration and made a much
- quoted `blood, tears, toil, and sweat' speech
- to the House of Commons. He had a close
- relationship with US president Roosevelt and
- in Aug 1941 concluded the Atlantic Charter
- with him. In Feb 1945 he met Stalin and
- Roosevelt at Yalta and agreed on the final
- plans for victory. On 8 May he announced the
- unconditional surrender of Germany. On 23 May
- 1945 the coalition was dissolved, and
- Churchill formed a caretaker government drawn
- mainly from the Conservatives. Defeated in
- the general election in July, he became
- leader of the opposition until the election
- Oct 1951, in which he again became prime
- minister. In Apr 1955 he resigned and retired
- to paint. After he died his paintings were
- exhibited in several shows, including a major
- retrospective in New York City in the 1980s.
-