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1994-01-13
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
Contact: Diane Ainsworth
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE January 13, 1994
NASA today announced the completion of its planned series of
adjustments and tests of the cameras onboard the orbiting Hubble
Space Telescope and released images showing that the telescope's
desired performance has been restored.
The announcement was made at NASA's Goddard Space Flight
Center in Greenbelt, Md., by NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin
and Sen. Barbara A. Mikulski (D-Maryland), chair of the Senate
subcommittee responsible for appropriating NASA funding.
In successive news panels following the announcement,
scientists, engineers and managers at NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory expressed satisfaction that the space telescope's
Wide-Field and Planetary Camera-II was performing perfectly.
The camera, designed and built at JPL, is the principal imaging
instrument aboard the observatory and was used to take most of
the images NASA released today.
The Hubble servicing mission, conducted in December 1993
aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, put in place a new JPL-built
camera that incorporates corrective optics to compensate for a
flaw in Hubble's 2.4-meter (94.5-inch) diameter primary mirror.
Shortly after launch, star images from the newly deployed
telescope showed that the surface of the mirror was too flat by
an amount equal to about 1/50th the width of a human hair and
that images could not be brought to a sharp focus.
The corrective optics in the new camera have completely
eliminated this blurring so that images are essentially in
perfect focus, according to Dr. John Trauger of JPL, principal
investigator of the new Wide-Field and Planetary Camera-II.
Once the new camera was installed, the original Wide-Field
and Planetary Camera-I, also designed and built at JPL, was
returned to Earth by the STS-61 astronauts for possible reuse at
a later time. Except for the flaw in the telescope itself, the
original camera had also performed perfectly, scientists
reported, and was used to record most of the images obtained to
date from the Hubble telescope.
In addition to the Wide-Field and Planetary Camera-II, the
Endeavour astronauts also installed the Corrective Optics Space
Telescope Axial Replacement, or COSTAR, a telephone-booth-sized
instrument that carries corrective optics to offset the telescope
flaw for three other science instruments aboard Hubble: the
European Space Agency's Faint Object Camera and the Goddard Space
Flight Center's High Resolution Spectrograph and Faint Object
Spectrograph.
The astronauts replaced the telescope's solar panels, used
to generate electricity from sunlight to power the observatory,
because the original panels were found to cause vibrations of the
telescope when it passed into and out of Earth's shadow.
Replacement gyroscopes and an upgraded computer memory were also
installed during the highly successful servicing mission in early
December.
The refurbished Hubble Space Telescope is now capable of
achieving the scientific objectives for which it was originally
designed, scientists and engineers concurred at the news
conference.
The images released today show, for example, that the
telescope is for the first time able to see individual stars that
are imbedded in galaxies at the distance of the Virgo cluster
some 65 million light years away. These stars are of about the
same brightness as Cepheid variable stars, which are used by
astronomers to measure distances.
A key science program of the Hubble telescope to accurately
calibrate the cosmic distance scale -- currently uncertain to
within a factor of about two -- will also become possible for the
first time.
Other images released today show how well the telescope will
be able to produce clear, sharp images of the densely populated
regions near the cores of galaxies and star clusters, previously
thwarted by the telescope's blurred imaging.
Images that were taken with the new Wide-Field and Planetary
Camera-II reveal well-resolved shots of newly forming stars in
the nearby Orion nebula. They also show previously unseen
structure in the exploding star Eta Carinae, which is located in
one of the Magellanic clouds just outside the Milky Way galaxy.
In one of the images, the expanding gas clouds around Eta
Carinae have grown larger than they were when first observed by
Hubble, as the result of the clouds' expansion at a speed of
about 1,000 kilometers per second.
The Wide-Field and Planetary Camera-II was designed and
built by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C.
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1-13-94 DEA
# 9405