DP Tool Club 16/CD_ASCQ_16_0994.iso/maj/2196/zip.doc

Text File | 1994-06-16 | 59KB | 1,161 lines

                                   ZIP.DOC
                                   -------
              Instructions for ZIP - Fast File Transfer Utility
                          version 1.72 (16 Jun 1994)

                             (c)1988-94 E. Meyer


        Requires:  two IBM PC compatible computers with DOS 2.x or above;
                   serial (null modem) RS232C cable.


================================== CONTENTS ==================================

     1. INTRODUCTION: Brief description; Copyright and Licensing

     2. PREPARING TO USE ZIP
          A. Menu or Command-line mode
          B. Setting serial port and speed
          C. File and directory handling
          D. Choosing the screen output mode
          E. Clock synchronization

     3. TRANSFERRING FILES
          A. Sending files
          B. Receiving files
          C. Selecting files from a group
          D. Reconciling similar directories
          E. Backing up all subdirectories
          F. Directory, Delete, and Log commands
          G. Waiting for a connection

     4. SERVER MODE
          A. Sending and fetching files
          B. Server Directory, Delete, and Log commands
          C. Comparing directory contents
          D. Server Time command

     5. FURTHER USAGE NOTES
          A. Summary of options
          B. Examples of command-line syntax
          C. Automating use of ZIP (Redirection, @files, Batch files)

     6. UTILITY PROGRAMS
          A. Cloning ZIP with ZIPDUP
          B. Changing defaults with ZIPCFG

     7. TECHNICAL INFORMATION
          A. General information
          B. Appropriate serial cables
          C. Using ZIP on the HP95/100LX palmtops
          D. Error messages
          E. About the program and author



============================== 1. INTRODUCTION ===============================


     Anyone working with two computers probably needs to transfer programs or
data between them regularly.  But especially where large amounts of data are
involved, exchanging floppy disks quickly grows tedious; and not all computers
have the same disk sizes, or disk drives at all.  Keeping track of new or
modified files on each computer gets to be a problem, too.

     ZIP is a tiny, fast utility to transfer files between two IBM compatible
computers; it requires no expensive additional hardware, just a simple "null
modem" serial cable.  It can be used from the DOS command line or a batch
file, or run from an interactive menu.  It transfers files as simply as using
the COPY command, and has options that make it easy to reconcile directories
on both computers.  Ideal for laptop or palmtop computers, it takes just 14k
of disk space, and consumes no memory when not in use.

     There are good retail programs for this purpose, though they typically
cost over $100; if you can find, make, or buy your own cable, you can do the
same job with ZIP instead.  ZIP doesn't have all the features of the fancy
programs, but it doesn't consume precious system memory either; it just
transfers files when you need to, as simply as using the COPY command.  In
fact, even if you have other more complex programs, you may still find ZIP
easier to use in many situations because of its small size and simplicity.

     ZIP is as fast as a serial (RS232C) transfer program can be, and faster
than some free/shareware utilities that also claim to operate "at 115200 bps".
(A few retail programs are somewhat faster still, but they rely on a
proprietary parallel cable design that is not readily available.)  ZIP
achieves an actual throughput of 10-14K per second, depending on processor
speed and disk performance.  On any system, large amounts of data can be sent
more quickly using RAMdisks or hard disks, rather than slow floppy disk
drives.  Although ZIP is designed to operate at very high transmission speeds,
it can also be used at slower speeds in applications that demand this.
     (Note: ZIP does not employ data compression, and has nothing to do with
the new file compression program "PKZIP" by Phil Katz.)


                         HOW YOU GOT YOUR COPY OF ZIP

     ZIP circulates widely as "shareware", giving you the opportunity to try
the program at no cost, and to share it with others -- hence the name.  If it
doesn't meet your needs, you don't have to pay for it.  If you find the
program valuable and continue to use it, you can "register" your copy for a
modest fee.  In return, you get an update disk and support from the author.

     Shareware offers some unique advantages over retail software, because
users interact directly with the author.  Obviously, costs are kept down
because glossy packaging, advertising, and retail markups are eliminated.  But
shareware can also resist market trends and continue to provide useful kinds
of products that the big corporations have abandoned.  And shareware authors
can respond more directly to user requests and concerns than software
publishers who release an update only when it seems profitable.

     Shareware works when users give program authors useful feedback, and most
of all, when users support authors by registering their programs.  This makes
it possible for quality shareware to continue to develop and improve.  ZIP
would not have become what it is now without this kind of support.  Please
support shareware by registering any programs that you use.

     The use and distribution of ZIP are governed by the "COPYRIGHT AND
LICENSE" information below.  Please read this carefully!


                            FILES YOU SHOULD HAVE

     Be sure you have all the files which should be included in this package:

              ZIP.DOC      - This documentation file.
              ZIPxx.UPD    - Update notes and version history.
              ZIP.COM      - The file transfer program.
              ZIPCFG.COM   - The configuration (customizing) utility.
              ZIPDUP.COM   - The duplication (cloning) utility.
              ORDER.FRM    - Registration/site license order form.



                      COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE INFORMATION

         The ZIP program and documentation are copyright (c)1988-94
         Eric Meyer, all rights reserved worldwide.  They may not be
         circulated in any incomplete or modified form, nor sold for
         profit, without written permission of the author.  The use
         or sale of ZIP is subject to the following terms:


PERSONAL USE.  If you find ZIP valuable and continue to use it, you are
    encouraged (but not required) to register, and help support the
    development of high-quality, affordable software:
                   INDIVIDUAL REGISTRATION .....  $30 (US)
    Registered users receive several benefits:
            * The latest version of ZIP (and other useful programs)
         on disk direct from the author.
            * Support.  You can get help with any questions or
         problems you encounter in using ZIP.  Future upgrades can
         be ordered on disk when desired.
            * Your registration verifies the legality of your
         personal use of ZIP at your workplace as well.


SITE LICENSES.  Any company or institution wishing to use ZIP in the course of
    its business MUST purchase a SITE LICENSE.  The cost of the license is
    modest, and varies according to the number of computers on which ZIP may
    be in use in the workplace:
                Up to 10 copies................. $50 (US)
                Up to 20 copies................ $100
                Additional copies over 20........ $2 each
    The purchaser of a site license receives several benefits:
            * The latest version of ZIP (and other useful programs)
         on disk direct from the author.
            * Support.  You can get help with any questions or
         problems you encounter in using ZIP.  Future upgrades can
         be ordered on disk when desired.
            * A license documents the legality of your company's
         use of ZIP.
            * Your employees can use ZIP at home and share it with
         friends without raising issues of software piracy.


COMMERCIAL SALE.  Any software dealer or library may offer ZIP for sale, as
    long as the price charged for the disk containing ZIP does not exceed US
    $6.  With this single exception, the sale of ZIP, either alone or together
    with other software or hardware, requires a licensing agreement.  Please
    write for terms.


ORDERING AND SOURCES.  Site licenses and individual registrations may be
    ordered directly from the author (see address below), by check or money
    order in US currency; purchase orders are also accepted.
         CREDIT CARD ORDERS ONLY (VISA,MC,AmEx,Discover), including
    international, for licenses and registrations may be made through the
    Public Software Library: phone [phone] or [phone], FAX
    [phone], CompuServe [71355,470].  Mention item #10304.  (There is a
    $5 surcharge for this service.)
         ZIP is distributed widely through "shareware" channels.  Users with a
    modem can download the latest version as the archive file ZIPxxx.ZIP,
    available from either of the two primary distribution points:
    (1) Glendale Litera BBS - Glendale, CA  [phone].
    (2) On CompuServe, in download library 4 (DL4) of the IBMCOM forum.
         In addition, ZIP is available on a variety of other remote systems,
    and by mail from many good software libraries, including the Public
    Software Library, P.O. Box 35705, Houston TX 77235.  (Disk #1674)


FOREIGN USERS.  ZIP has a growing number of users elsewhere in the Americas,
    Europe, and the Far East.  In many countries, retail software is scarce or
    expensive, and shareware is an even more attractive alternative.
    Registrations from overseas are warmly encouraged, and users receive full
    support, including disks by airmail, at no extra charge.  Payment can be
    made by international credit card through Public Software Library; or you
    can send money orders in US currency, drawn on a US affiliate bank,
    directly to the author.  Modest amounts of US cash ($50 or less) can also
    be sent safely by registered mail.

                  Address all correspondence to the author:

            Eric Meyer
         3541 Smuggler Way            CompuServe: [74415,1305]
    Boulder, Colorado  80303  USA       Internet: [e-mail]


              THE CUSTOMARY DISCLAIMER:  You undertake to use ZIP at
         your own risk.  The author does not warrant the suitability
         of ZIP for any particular purpose, and assumes no liability
         for damages of any kind resulting from its use.



========================== 2. PREPARING TO USE ZIP ===========================


     In order to use ZIP, you will need to have a copy of the same version of
ZIP.COM on both computers, and the correct cable (a serial "null modem" cable,
or a serial cable with a null modem adapter) to connect between them.  If
incompatible disk drives prevent you from getting ZIP.COM itself onto the
second computer to begin with, you can "clone" ZIP with the ZIPDUP utility
(see CLONING).  For further explanation of serial cables, or if you have an
HP95/100LX palmtop, see TECHNICAL INFORMATION.

     If there is a problem with your cable or port/speed settings, the message
"Ready" or "Waiting" will remain on screen when you try to run ZIP; correct
the problem and try again.

     ZIP's operation can be interrupted by pressing Escape, ^C, or Ctrl-Break:
          (1) during initial connection attempt;
          (2) at any user prompts;
          (3) during file transfer (on receiving end, your keypress
                will not be noticed until the current file is finished).


------------------------ A. MENU OR COMMAND LINE MODE ------------------------

     ZIP can be used in either of two ways, described more fully below:

              1.  MENU-DRIVEN OPERATION.  Simply type "ZIP" on both
         machines.  You will see a menu of choices including
         sending, receiving, or fetching files; listing or comparing
         directories; logging a new directory; deleting files;
         entering server mode; unlinking the server; setting the
         time; changing parameters; or getting help with options.
         Just type the highlighted letter of your selection.

              2.  COMMAND-LINE OPERATION.  Any single operation can
         be performed from the DOS command line, by providing the
         correct arguments and options.  For a brief help message
         explaining syntax and options, type "ZIP /?".

     Menu operation is most convenient when you plan to perform a series of
tasks from the keyboard; command-line use provides a quick way to perform a
single task, and is great for use in batch files.


-------------------- B. SETTING THE SERIAL PORT AND SPEED --------------------

     IBM-compatible computers have anywhere from one to four serial (RS232C)
ports, and on each computer you must tell ZIP which port you have connected
its cable to.  By default ZIP uses the COM1 port.  The standard port addresses
are:                  COM1: 03F8h         COM3: 03E8h
                      COM2: 02F8h         COM4: 02E8h
To figure out which number corresponds to each physical port, consult your
computer manual.  While COM1 and COM2 are standardized, some computers
(including PS/2s) use different addresses for COM3 and COM4; nonstandard port
addresses can be specified in hexadecimal, but only by modifying ZIP.COM with
the ZIPCFG utility.

     You can select any standard COM port during operation of ZIP:  in menu
mode, just choose "P"arameters, then select a port (1-4).  In command-line
mode, specify one of the following options:

              /1-4  = use port COM1-4.

     Data transmission can take place at a wide range of speeds.  ZIP normally
works at the fastest possible speed, 115200 bps, and most users will not need
to change this.  To accommodate certain computers or software environments, it
may be necessary to set a somewhat slower speed.  In fact, ZIP can be slowed
down all the way to 2400 bps, so that it could even be used with a modem over
a telephone line, instead of a direct cable connection.  In any event, you
must have the same rate set on both ends.
     In menu mode, just choose "P"arameters, then select a speed (by letter,
from the menu).  In command line mode, specify the option:

              /Bnnnn  = use speed nnnn (BPS)

The allowed speeds "nnnn" are 115200, 57600, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2400;
each may be abbreviated to as few as two digits ("/B96").  To change your
default setting, use ZIPCFG.

     You will see a note in the ZIP signon message, "Speed=____ Port=____",
giving the port address and speed currently in use.


---------------------- C. FILE AND DIRECTORY HANDLING ------------------------

     You can specify how you want ZIP to handle certain DOS file attributes.
By default, ZIP does not list or transfer Hidden or System files; it preserves
all file attributes, including Archive; and an error is generated if you
attempt to overwrite or delete an existing Read/only file.
     You can also choose whether you want ZIP to create a new directory when
the one you specified does not exist; by default, ZIP reports an error.

     To examine or alter these settings, in menu mode, just choose "P"aram-
eters; then press "N" to change new directory creation, or "T" to change file
attribute handling.  There are four attribute settings:

        include Hidden files?     preserve Archive attribute?
        include System files?     overwrite Read/only files?

Press a letter "H,S,A,R" to change any setting from YES to NO.  They may be
specified independently on either end; the settings on the client or sending
end govern each operation.

     In command line mode, you can specify the option:

              /A  = ADD (create) new directories

(Note: if you have used ZIPCFG to make directory creation your default, the /A
option will reverse this.)  There is no command-line option to change the file
attribute settings, but the defaults can be changed with ZIPCFG.


--------------------- D. CHOOSING THE SCREEN OUTPUT MODE ---------------------

     ZIP is capable of displaying in several colors (or shades) on computers
with color or greyscale capability (colors are chosen with ZIPCFG).  However,
you can also choose instead a simple DOS (monochrome) output mode if you
prefer, or if you wish to redirect output (see AUTOMATING).  On the command
line, specify the option:

              /M  = use MONOCHROME output

You can also make this your default with ZIPCFG.  (Note: if you have done so,
the /M option will reverse this, producing color output.)


-------------------------- E. CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION --------------------------

     It is advisable to ensure that the system clocks on your computers agree
closely with each other; once they differ significantly, the timestamps on
files may not correctly indicate which computer has the later revisions.
Therefore, when ZIP is about to perform an operation which involves file
timestamps, it first compares the two system clocks.

     If ZIP is performing a directory Comparison (/C) and finds that the
clocks differ by more than the "clock synch tolerance", a warning is given.
(The synch tolerance is 5 minutes by default, but can be changed with ZIPCFG.)

     If ZIP is attempting a file transfer by timestamp (/T) and finds that the
clocks differ by more than the tolerance, the transfer is aborted.

     To correct the situation, you could use the DOS commands TIME (and/or
DATE) on each computer; better yet, you can synchronize the clocks automat-
ically with ZIP itself.  (See SERVER TIME COMMAND.)


=========================== 3. TRANSFERRING FILES ============================


     A SIMPLE EXAMPLE: Suppose you have a file REPORTS in directory C:\WORK on
your laptop computer, and you'd like to send it to directory D:\JONES on your
desktop PC.  The serial cable is connected between the laptop's COM1 port and
the desktop's COM2.  Here is a single command to do it:

        Laptop:  ZIP C:\WORK\REPORTS /[D:\JONES] /1
       Desktop:  ZIP /R /2

Alternatively, you could perform the transfer in menu mode, with prompts to
guide you through each step:

        Laptop:  ZIP /1                  Desktop:  ZIP /2
                 "S"end                            "R"eceive
                 Files: C:\WORK\REPORTS
                 To:    D:\JONES
                 "Q"uit                            "Q"uit

Note that if either C:\WORK or D:\JONES was the current directory on the
computer in question, it would not have had to be specified.  Also, we
probably didn't need to specify "/1" on the laptop because COM1 is the normal
default; similarly, if you're going to be using COM2 on the desktop all the
time, you would want to use ZIPCFG to install its copy of ZIP to use COM2 as
the default, in order not to have to specify "/2" every time.

     If you can get such a transfer to work, you can go on to explore the
details which follow.  (If not, recheck your cable, port assignments, etc.)


------------------------------ A. SENDING FILES ------------------------------

     Transferring files between computers with ZIP is as easy as copying them
from one disk to another.  In menu mode, simply select "S"end, and you will be
prompted for the filename(s) and then a directory to send them to.  (For the
default directory on the other end, just press ENTER.)  For command-line use,
give the filename(s) to send as part of the ZIP command, and if you want to
specify a destination directory, you can add it as an option in brackets:

              C>zip FILESPEC /[DESTDIR]

     In either mode, the "FILESPEC" can be a single FILE (including path), or
a GROUP specified by wildcards (eg, *.BAK), or an "@FILE" (see AUTOMATING), or
a LIST of any of these delimited by commas or spaces.  Each item assumes or
continues the same path as the previous one, unless the new one begins with a
drive or root directory.  Thus the list:
              d:\sf\gort, ltrs\*.892, klaatu
refers to files D:\SF\GORT, D:\SF\LTRS\*.892, and D:\SF\LTRS\KLAATU.

     Any other desired options may also follow the filename(s), though only
certain ones (/S and /N,E,T,P) are valid in menu mode.  Take care not to send
two files with the same name to the same receiving directory, as one would
overwrite the other.  Whether or not ZIP sends DOS Hidden or System files can
be determined with ZIPCFG.

     The size of each file to be sent is shown in "k" (1k = 1024 bytes), and
the transfer in progress is indicated by continuously updating the amount
sent.  This progress indication disappears when the transfer is complete.


----------------------------- B. RECEIVING FILES -----------------------------

     In menu mode, simply select "R"eceive, and you will be prompted for the
directory to receive files into.  For command-line use, specify the option:

              /R  = RECEIVE files

and, if you want, a directory to receive files into, in brackets:

              C>zip /r[DESTDIR]

     Do not supply a filespec before the /R option; the sender determines the
files to be sent.  By default, files are received into the current directory.
Any destination directory specified by the sender overrides the receiver's
directory.  If the specified directory does not exist, ZIP may attempt to
create it.  Of the selection options, only /P may be used when receiving.

     A received file bears the same filename, DOS timestamp, and file
attributes as the file sent (except that whether the Archive attribute is
preserved is user-configurable).


---------------------- C. SELECTING FILES FROM A GROUP -----------------------

     If you want to transfer only certain files in a group (like *.DOC) with
ZIP, you can request that you be prompted to confirm each file individually:
you will be asked to press a key (Y/N) to determine whether each file is to be
sent.  After the file (or for receiving, directory) names, in either menu or
command-line mode, specify the option:

              /P  = PROMPT to confirm files individually

If option /P is in use on the receiving end and "No" is entered, the message
"<Declined>" will appear on the sending end.
     This option can be specified independently on either or both ends, but
has no effect in server mode.
     (In menu mode, you can select "O"ptions for a help message describing the
file selection options, including /P.)


---------------------- D. BACKUPS AND OVERWRITING FILES ----------------------

     ZIP offers several features that are particulary useful for reconciling
the contents of directories which are duplicated (in whole or part) on both
computers.  By default, ZIP doesn't care what files may already exist on the
receiving end: it will transfer all files specified, whether or not they
overwrite existing ones.  Three options are provided to modify this behavior.
After the names of files to be transferred, in menu or command-line mode,
specify one (or two) of these options:

              /N  = copy NONexisting files only
                       (cannot be used with /E or /T)
              /E  = copy EXISTING files only
              /T  = latest TIMESTAMP determines files sent

     The /N option will prevent all existing files from being overwritten.
The /T option will allow overwrites only when the new copy has a more recent
timestamp.  The /ET combination is especially useful for selective backup
purposes: it transfers only more recent copies of files that already exist.
These options can be specified only on the client or sending end.
     Example: if you want to make the contents of two nearly identical
directories exactly so, do one transfer "*.* /T" each way; or use "*.* /N"
instead if you want differing versions of individual files to remain so.
     (In menu mode, you can select "O"ptions for a help message describing the
file selection options, including /N,E,T.)


---------------------- E. BACKING UP ALL SUBDIRECTORIES ----------------------

     In many situations, you may have (or want to have) a similar directory
structure on two computers.  While you could use the above methods to produce
this result one subdirectory at a time, ZIP offers an option to do this
automatically.  In either menu or command-line mode, specify:

              /S  = process all SUBDIRECTORIES

Like the /S switch of the DOS XCOPY command, this causes the given command to
be processed on files in the specified directory, and then also in all its
subdirectories.
     The source and destination directories, whether default or specified, are
put in correspondence, and ZIP will either seek or create subdirectories of
the destination directory to match those of the source.  Thus, if the two
computers have the following directory trees:
        Sender:  C:\                 Receiver:  D:\
                    \WORK                          \BACKUP
                         \PROG                            ...
                         \ACCT                     \OTHER
                    \GAMES                                ...
then the command "ZIP C:\*.* /S[D:\BACKUP]" will begin by transferring files
from C:\ to D:\BACKUP, then from C:\WORK to D:\BACKUP\WORK, etc.  If any
target directory does not exist, and the /A option was not used to allow its
creation, the operation will terminate with an error message.

     The /S option can be combined with any of ZIP's other file transfer
options.  It is most commonly used for backup purposes either together with
/A, when you are trying to establish a corresponding directory structure in
the first place, and want the required directories to be created; or after
that, with /T, to back up files within those directories according to their
timestamps.
     Use of complete directory specifications (including drive and path) is
recommended with /S to avoid unanticipated results.


------------------- F. DIRECTORY, DELETE, AND LOG COMMANDS -------------------

     When ZIP is in menu mode, it offers functions for file directory and
deleting, and logging a new directory, allowing simple file maintenance (DIR,
DEL, CHDIR) without exiting ZIP.COM.
     The "D"irectory function provides an alphabetized file listing for your
reference, and shows the free space left on the disk (unless this is greater
than 64 MB).  You will be prompted for the files to list.  If you just press
[Enter], ZIP lists all files (*.*) in the default directory.

     The d"E"lete function prompts for a filespec to delete; as always, a path
and/or wildcards may be included.  It accepts only a single filespec, not a
list of them.  Deletion is immediate; be careful, especially when using
wildcards.
     Whether or not ZIP will list or delete DOS Hidden or System files, and
whether it will delete Read/only files, are user-configurable options.

     Although you can always type the full path information for any files you
want to look for or transfer, if you're going to be working in a different
directory for a while, it can be more convenient to change ZIP's default
directory.  In menu mode, the "L"og command will let you do this; you will be
prompted for the new drive and/or directory, or you can just press [Enter] to
check the current directory.  Initially, of course, the default is the current
DOS directory.  If the directory you specify does not exist, ZIP may attempt
to create it.  (The Log command works much like the DOS commands CHDIR and
MKDIR, except that ZIP does not actually change the current DOS directory, it
simply keeps its own record of the directory you want to be working in.)

     These functions can also be applied to the other computer if it has ZIP
running in server mode; see SERVER DIRECTORY, etc.


------------------------ G. WAITING FOR A CONNECTION -------------------------

     Normally, once a process is initiated (file transfer, directory request,
etc) ZIP will wait indefinitely until a connection with another copy of ZIP is
established on the selected port.  As soon as the corresponding process is
initiated on the other end, the operation will proceed.
     However, in some circumstances this behavior may not be desirable: for
example, a batch file containing ZIP commands would stall if ZIP is not
running on the other end in server or receive mode.  So an option has been
provided to have ZIP give up and exit (returning a Connect Error) if a
connection is not promptly established.
     In menu mode, just select "P"arameters, then press "X" and select an exit
time (0-9 min).  On the command line, specify the option:

              /Xn = eXIT if no connection after n minutes (0-9)

If "n" is not specified, it defaults to 0, meaning no waiting at all.
     The /X option cannot be used with server mode, which always waits
indefinitely, or appended to transfer commands in menu mode.


=============================== 4. SERVER MODE ===============================


     It would obviously be easier to transfer files if you could do all the
typing from one keyboard, and "server mode" lets you do just that.  ZIP can
remain on line on one end, ready to obey instructions from the other end (the
"client") automatically.  To enter server mode: in menu mode, just select the
choice for ser"V"er.  In command line mode, specify the option:

              /V  = SERVER mode

and if you want, a new default directory for ZIP operations in brackets:

              C>zip /V[DFLTDIR]

Otherwise, the default is the current DOS directory.
     ZIP will now wait to receive commands (described below) from the other
computer.  When you are finished, you can press Escape, ^C, or Ctrl-Break to
exit server mode.

     Alternatively, you can give an instruction to terminate server mode from
the other (client) keyboard.  In menu mode, select the choice for "U"nlink
before quitting.  In command-line mode, specify the option:

              /U  = UNLINK server

This option can be combined with any other ZIP function (such as a file send);
the server is not unlinked until the operation is complete.


----------------------- A. SENDING AND FETCHING FILES ------------------------

     When one copy of ZIP is running in server mode, it is ready to accept any
files that you transfer to it from the other (client) keyboard; these will be
received on the server end, into any directory specified by the sender, or the
server's default directory.

     You can also ask the server to send files to you.  In menu mode, just
select "F"etch, and you will be prompted for the files to fetch and a
directory to put them in.  In command-line mode, specify the option:

              /F  = FETCH specified files from server

and, if you want, a directory to put the received files in:

              C>zip FILESPEC /F[DESTDIR]

Otherwise they will be put in the current directory.

     You must specify the path with the filenames to be fetched, if they are
not to be found in the default directory on the server end.  Any of the
selection options (/N,E,T,P) or directory options (/A,S) may be used.


--------------- B. SERVER DIRECTORY, DELETE, AND LOG COMMANDS ----------------

     If your other computer is running ZIP in server mode, you can also
request a directory from it, delete files on it, or log a new directory on it.
In menu mode, when using the "D"irectory, d"E"lete, or "L"og commands, simply
type a ">" before an argument to indicate that it applies to the server.  This
can be done either alone, or together with a request on the client end:

              Directory: \WORK\*.BAK                client alone
              Delete:    >B:\BACKUP\OLD.FIL         server alone
              Log:       \WORK>B:\BACKUP            combined

As a convenience, since the two computers may have a similar directory
structure, you can also type a quote mark (") to log the same default
directory for the server.

              Log: >"                ...logs same dir on the server as client
              Log: C:\WORK>"         ...logs C:\WORK on the server, too
              Log: C:\WORK>D:"       ...logs D:\WORK on the server

     For command-line use, you can specify one of the options:

              /D[FILESPEC]  = Directory listing on server
              /K[FILESPEC]  = Kill (delete) file on server
              /L[NEWDIR]    - Log new directory on server

/D alone lists all files "*.*", or it can be followed by a filespec in
brackets, like "/D[\*.BAT]".  /K requires a filespec in brackets.

     Directory and deletion requests accept only a single filespec, not a list
of them.  Deletion is immediate; use caution, especially with wildcards.


---------------------- C. COMPARING DIRECTORY CONTENTS -----------------------

     If your other computer is running ZIP in server mode, you can also
compare the contents of directories, showing files that appear in one but not
the other, or that exist in different versions.  (This can be used, for
example, as a preview of what files will be transferred if you use the /N or
/T option.)  Common identical files are not shown.
     In menu mode, just select the choice to "C"ompare.  You will be prompted
for the files to compare.  If you just press [Enter], ZIP compares all files
"*.*" in the default directory on each end.  Type a ">" if you want to specify
a different directory on the server:

          Compare: >\BACKUP           client *.*   with server \BACKUP\*.*
          Compare: *.DOC              client *.DOC with server *.DOC
          Compare: *.DOC>\BACKUP      client *.DOC with server \BACKUP\*.DOC

     ZIP will produce two listings: first files on the client end that don't
match up with those on the server, and then vice versa.  If a file appears on
both ends, but in differing versions, it will be flagged with a "+" or "-" to
indicate which appears to be the later (+) or earlier (-) version, according
to the files' timestamps.

     Alternatively, from the command line, you can specify the option:

              /C  = Compare with server

All files "*.*" are compared, unless you provide a filespec.  The option can
be followed by a directory in brackets:

              C>zip FILESPEC /C[SRVRDIR]

otherwise, the default directory on the server is assumed.


--------------------------- D. SERVER TIME COMMAND ---------------------------

     For an explanation of why you should keep your computers' clocks in
agreement, see CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION.  When your other computer is running ZIP
in server mode, you can perform an exact synchronization with one simple
command.  In menu mode, select "T"ime.  The current system time (and date)
will be displayed, and you will be prompted in a manner much like the DOS
command TIME:

              To synchronize, enter new time or press ENTER:

You can also press Esc (as always) to quit.  Time can be entered in either 12
or 24-hour format, as desired.  ("1:47pm" is equivalent to "13:47".)

     Performing this function periodically is an easy way to ensure that your
computer clocks remain in agreement.
     (Note: While this function resets both time and date, ZIP does not accept
date corrections.  If necessary, exit ZIP and use the DOS DATE command.)


========================== 5. FURTHER USAGE NOTES ============================

                            A. SUMMARY OF OPTIONS

     The following options may be used in either menu or command-line mode:
              /E,N       Existing, Nonexisting files only
              /T         more recent Timestamp only
              /P         Prompt to confirm each
              /S         process Subdirectories
     These command-line options are replaced by menu choices in menu mode:
              /R         "Receive" files
              /F         "Fetch" from server
              /V         "serVer" mode
              /D[fspec]  "Directory" from server
              /L[dir]    "Log" dir on server
              /K[fspec]  "Delete" files on server
              /C[dir]    "Compare" with server dir
              /U         "Unlink" server
              /1-4       port COM1-COM4       \
              /Bnn       speed 2400-115200 Bps \ "Parameters"
              /Xn        eXit time 0-9 sec     /
              /A         Add new directories  /
              /?         "Options"
     This option is available only from the command line:
              /M         Monochrome (DOS) output
     This command is available only in menu mode:
                         "Time" synchronization
     These settings are available only from menu mode "Parameters":
                         include Hidden, System files
                         preserve Archive status
                         overwrite Read/only files


--------------------- B. EXAMPLES OF COMMAND-LINE SYNTAX ---------------------

    SENDING FILES:

 C>zip b:myfile *.doc              send files B:MYFILE, B:*.DOC

 C>zip *.bak /[b:\recs] /x1        send files *.BAK to directory B:\RECS (but
                                 quit with error if no connection in 1 minute)

 C>zip my.* /2 /p                  send files C:MY.* over COM2, with prompts
                                 to confirm each file individually

 C>zip *.* /n                      send all files which don't already exist
                                 in receiver's default directory

 C>zip a:chapter.* /et             send all files A:CHAPTER.* of which an
                                 older version exists on the receiving end
    RECEIVING FILES:

 C>zip /r /3                       receive files over COM3

 C>zip /rp[\temp]                  receive, with default directory C:\TEMP,
                                 prompting to confirm each file individually
    BACKING UP DIRECTORIES:

 C>zip \work\*.* /sa[f:\work]      duplicate the entire subdirectory tree from
                                 C:\WORK on down, to receiver's drive F:
    ENTERING SERVER MODE:

 C>zip /v2b38                      wait as server, at 38400 bps on COM2

 C>zip /v[d:\]                     wait as server, with default directory D:\

    EXCHANGING FILES WITH SERVER:

 C>zip b:\recs\my.* /f[\orig]      fetch files MY.* from server directory
                                 B:\RECS into client directory C:\ORIG

 C>zip my.fil,my.bak /u            send MY.FIL and MY.BAK to server's default
                                 directory, then unlink server

    FILE MANAGEMENT WITH SERVER:

 C>zip /d[\work\*.bak]             show all server's files \WORK\*.BAK

 C>zip /k[junk]                    delete server's file JUNK

 C>zip *.txt /c[\mydir]            compare *.TXT with server's \MYDIR\*.TXT

 C>zip /la[c:\recs]                log server directory C:\RECS, creating it
                                 if it doesn't alerady exist


------------------------- C. AUTOMATING USE OF ZIP ---------------------------

     There are several ways of performing complex repetitive tasks, like
backing up several groups of files, more easily with ZIP, by taking advantage
of its own features (indirect filename lists in "@files") or those provided by
DOS (batch files, input/output redirection).


                              Redirected Output

     Standard DOS output redirection (">") can be used with ZIP.  Thus, for
example, "ZIP /D[*.BAK] >ZOUTPUT" can be used to capture the output of a ZIP
directory listing in a file ZOUTPUT, to be examined or processed later.  (As a
side effect, nothing would display on the screen; you can also use ">NUL" to
simply suppress output.)
     Note that for output redirection to work, ZIP must be using ordinary DOS
output, not color output; this can be selected with the ZIPCFG utility, or
changed with the /M option.

                               Redirected Input

     Because ZIP accepts standard DOS input redirection ("<"), you can
automate a frequently performed series of tasks (sending groups of files to
different directories, etc) by running ZIP in menu mode with redirected input.

     Redirected input is a sort of "script" describing a complex task.  You
will need to create a text file containing exactly the keystrokes you would
use to perform a task; think about the way ZIP prompts for input, and work out
your responses carefully.  (Note, for example, that when you select an option
like "S"end you don't press [Enter] afterward, but when you provide a filename
you do.)
     For example, if the file "ZINPUT" contains:     Sc:\work\*.* /t
                                                     e:\work
                                                     Sc:\work\ed\*.* /t
                                                     d:\ed
                                                     UQ
then "ZIP <ZINPUT" would back up (with the "/T" option) all files in C:\WORK
to directory E:\WORK on the server end, and similarly files in C:\WORK\ED to
D:\ED, then unlink ("U") the server and quit ("Q").
     Any command-line options must precede the "<" redirection character.  If
you use the /P option while running ZIP with redirected input, you will have
to type any "Y/N" responses from the keyboard yourself.  You should always end
the file with "Q" to quit, since DOS does not return to the keyboard for
further input if the end of the input file is reached while the program is
still running.

                         Indirect File Lists (@files)

     A number of file management and communications utilities can write a list
of filenames selected according to various criteria to a file, or accept the
name of such a file following an "@" sign to process all the filenames it
contains; ZIP also honors this convention.  You can also create such a file
yourself, with any text editor, inserting the names of files which you may
often want to transfer as a group.  Such an "@FILE" should contain complete
filespecs (with drive and path), separated by spaces and/or carriage returns.
ZIP can then be used to transfer those files.
     For example, if file "FLIST" contains the names:   c:\work\*.bak
                                                        c:\myfile
then "ZIP @FLIST" will send files C:\WORK\*.BAK and C:\MYFILE.
     Options can only be specified on the command line after the @file name
(not within the @file), and will affect all files transferred.


                                 Batch Files

     Since every function can be performed from the command line, ZIP is easy
to use in batch (.BAT) files.  Batch files run a little more slowly than the
other methods above, but they can contain replaceable arguments, tests for the
existence of files or directories, prompts and jumps for the user to choose
different courses of action, and other powerful features.  See your DOS manual
for details.
     Use of the /X option is recommended in batch files, so that an alternate
course of action can be taken if a connection cannot be promptly established.

     If an error occurs during operation in command-line mode, ZIP sets the
DOS error code, so that a batch file can test the ERRORLEVEL to determine
subsequent action.  Normally 0, the value returned will indicate which of the
following errors occurred:
     1 = argument error                   8 = transmission error
     2 = out of memory/too many files    16 = disk read/write error (full?)
     4 = connect error/no server        128 = user abort
It is always advisable to test for errors and abort execution of a batch file
if an operation (upon which later actions may rely) has failed.


============================ 6. UTILITY PROGRAMS =============================

                          A. CLONING ZIP WITH ZIPDUP

     The ZIPDUP utility makes it possible to get ZIP.COM onto another computer
in the first place, when your two computers don't share a common disk format.
ZIPDUP duplicates or "clones" ZIP onto the second computer over the serial
cable.  Because this feature will be used only occasionally, it's not part of
ZIP itself.  ZIPDUP can, in fact, transfer any file without the need for
receiving software, but it's very slow and cumbersome compared to ZIP itself.
To clone ZIP with ZIPDUP:

     1.  Connect the cable to the desired serial port on each computer.  You
must use COM1 or COM2 only; and the cable must have the DTR lines connected,
as well as the data lines -- see cabling diagram under TECHNICAL INFORMATION
below -- or ZIPDUP will not work.  (In this event, you'll need to have a
telecom program running on both computers, to transfer ZIP.COM via XMODEM or
another similar protocol.)

     2.  Set up the receiving end:  Make sure the DOS utilities DEBUG and MODE
are available (either in the current directory or in your PATH); you will have
to use MODE, and ZIPDUP uses DEBUG.
     Be certain that the last character of your DOS prompt is ">".  (Yes, this
actually matters!)  If in doubt, type the command:
              PROMPT $P$G
     Then prepare to receive data by typing these two commands:
              MODE COM#:96,N,8,1     ("#" = 1 or 2 only)
              CTTY COM#
(Note: on some systems, like the HP100LX, it may be necessary to add ",P" to
the end of the MODE command.)  The CTTY command gives control to the sending
computer, via the COM# port.  The receiving system will seem to "lock up",
ignoring any keyboard input.  If the ZIPDUP transfer fails, you will need to
reboot it.

     3.  Now, on the sending end, to duplicate your copy of ZIP.COM, type:
              ZIPDUP ZIP.COM
(Actually, you can omit the filename if it is "ZIP.COM"; otherwise, type it.)
     You will be asked to specify the COM port (again, 1 or 2 only) that the
cable is connected to; if the connection can be made, the transfer will
proceed.  When ZIPDUP is finished, you will find a duplicate copy of ZIP.COM
in the current directory on the receiving computer.


---------------------- B. CHANGING DEFAULTS WITH ZIPCFG ----------------------

     The ZIPCFG utility allows you to customize ZIP to your own requirements.
Certain "defaults" that are assumed unless you specify otherwise (via command-
line options or menu choices) can be changed: transfer speed and port, synch
tolerance, attribute handling, directory creation, and display colors.  Type:
              ZIPCFG ZIP.COM
(Actually, you can omit the filename if it is "ZIP.COM"; otherwise, type it.)

     To change your defaults, select "Edit" from the ZIPCFG menu, make
changes, then select "Save"; to restore the original distribution settings,
select "Restore".  To exit without saving changes, select "Quit".

     The "Edit" procedure takes you through a sequence of settings you can
change.  For the port you may enter simply "COM1" through "COM4", or any other
specific hexadecimal address required by your hardware ("03F0", etc).  For the
speed you must choose by letter from the allowed values.  For the clock synch
tolerance, enter a value from 1 to 99 minutes, or 0 to disable synch testing.

     The next set of choices configure ZIP's treatment of DOS file attributes
and nonexistent directories.  You can determine whether or not Hidden or
System files will be included in ZIP's operations; whether a file's Archive
attribute should be preserved when it is received on the other end; whether
ZIP can overwrite or delete files that have the Read/Only attribute; and
finally, whether ZIP should create new directories when those you specify do
not already exist.

     Then there is a setting to force 40-column display width.  Normally this
is set to "No"; you will see "Width=AUTO", and ZIP adapts itself to the
current video mode (40/80 columns).

     Finally, ZIPCFG offers you a choice of color output (via the IBMPC BIOS)
or standard DOS output.  You might want to select DOS output if color output
does not display correctly on your video system, or if you will want to
redirect output from ZIP to a file or device (color output does not redirect).
Whichever you choose as your default, the /M option will change to the other.
     If you select color, ZIPCFG displays a palette and offers you a choice of
text colors.  ZIP uses three different colors: a "message" color, a "hilight"
color for contrast, and an "active" color (during file transfer activity).
Each is specified by an "attribute byte" consisting of two hex digits, for a
background and foreground color.  ("17" = "1", blue background, & "7", white
text.)  The color digits are:
         0 = BLACK   4 = red       8 = GREY           C = bright red
         1 = blue    5 = magenta   9 = bright blue    D = bright magenta
         2 = green   6 = brown     A = bright green   E = yellow
         3 = cyan    7 = WHITE     B = bright cyan    F = BRIGHT WHITE
     The palette will include 128 colors from 00-7F.  Use of colors 8-F as
background (80-FF) is also possible but not recommended, since on most systems
this produces blinking video.  Some colors may be invisible or indistinguish-
able on monochrome screens, though all MDA systems can display BLACK, WHITE
and BRIGHT WHITE (which are the default colors), and in some cases grey also.

     Please DO NOT distribute modified copies of ZIP.COM; this could confuse
other users.  (ZIPCFG includes an option to restore the original default
values.)


========================== 7. TECHNICAL INFORMATION ==========================

                            A. GENERAL INFORMATION

     ZIP requires about 128k of free memory to run; it will use more, if
available, for faster operation.  Like most communications programs, ZIP does
full CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checksum) verification on the data to guarantee
accurate transfer; but ZIP uses its own transfer protocol, which is not
compatible with other programs.  Be sure to use the same version of ZIP on
both ends: the transfer protocol may have changed.  Do not disturb the cable
when ZIP is running, as it will be unable to resume its task; you will have to
abort the program and try again.

     ZIP does not use interrupts, so it will not conflict with the IRQ usage
of other hardware or software; but do not use ZIP while another program is
using the same serial port.

     Using any communications software in a multitasking environment often
requires special precautions.  ZIP is DESQview-aware, and will disable multi-
tasking while transferring files.  Under other environments, ZIP may need to
be given a "non-swappable" or "foreground-operation" status, so that other
tasks will not interfere with its operation.  (Under Windows, you must create
a PIF file and give ZIP both background and foreground priority.)  You may
also need to set a slower speed for ZIP to work reliably.

     ZIP works well on the vast majority of systems.  If you experience
unresolvable conflicts with other memory-resident software, such as background
processes or disk caches, do not use ZIP when that software is in operation.


------------------------ B. APPROPRIATE SERIAL CABLES ------------------------

     SERIAL NULL MODEM CABLES, in various combinations of 9- and 25-pin
connectors, are available from a wide variety of sources, and a simple cable
in the configuration you need (for example, DB9 to DB25 female) should cost
under $10 at Radio Shack and other computer stores.  Double-headed null modem
cables (both 9 and 25 pin on each end) are also made, and would be ideal for
use with ZIP; check computer supply catalogs.

     If you're making or shopping for a cable, you need a "null modem" cable,
meaning the transmit and receive data lines should be crossed, and the signal
ground connected straight through.  (The pin numbers depend on whether you
have a small DB9 or large DB25 connector, see figure.)  No other connections
should be needed; ZIP uses no hardware handshaking lines.  (NOTE: ZIPDUP does
require the DTR connections between pins 20/4 and 6.)

        |--COMPUTER 1--|         |--COMPUTER 2--|
         DB9  or   DB25           DB25  or   DB9
      pin 2 - - - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - 3   \ transmit &
          3 - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 3 - - - - 2   / receive data
          5 - - - - 7 - - - - - - - 7 - - - - 5   - signal ground

      pin 4 - - - - 20  - - - - - - 6 - - - - 6 * \
          6 - - - - 6 - - - - - - - 20  - - - 4 *  \ DTR,CTS etc (optional;
          7 - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 5 - - - - 8    / *=required for ZIPDUP)
          8 - - - - 5 - - - - - - - 4 - - - - 7   /

Actually, any serial cable that doesn't work by itself, should work with a
"null modem adapter" attached.  Use of a well shielded cable is recommended;
high speed transmissions can be especially susceptible to RF interference.


------------------ C. USING ZIP ON THE HP95/100LX PALMTOPS -------------------

     The Hewlett-Packard 95/100LX palmtop computers are "nearly" IBM-compat-
ible; ZIP will work on them, but there are some special considerations.  You
will need the special HP serial cable, available separately or as part of the
Connectivity Pack.
     ZIP automatically detects the 95/100LX and the current screen size, and
sets itself for the COM1 port.  Thus you can use the same copy of ZIP.COM on
your LX as on your PC; modification with ZIPCFG is not needed.  ZIP powers up
the serial port in WIRE mode, and turns it off again upon exit to conserve
batteries.
                                   HP 95LX

     On the 95LX, ZIP can be run in a variety of ways, including from the
Filer (highlight and press F4, Run) or from the DOS system prompt.

     File transfers can fail on early versions of the 512k 95LX due to a bug
in its serial port handling.  You can avoid this by performing a [Ctrl+Up+On]
reset (answering "No" at the prompt!) before running ZIP, or (for some unknown
reason) by performing a Directory request with ZIP before transferring files.

     ZIPDUP cannot work with the 95LX; instead, to transfer ZIP.COM to the
95LX, you must use the 95LX's internal software -- either the built-in COMM
utility together with any PC telecom program supporting XMODEM or KERMIT
protocol, or the Connectivity Pack.

                                   HP 100LX

     The 100LX system manager software interferes with ZIP's use of the serial
port, making it difficult to transfer any but the smallest files.  You can
avoid this problem in any of several ways:
   (1) Terminate SYSMGR and run ZIP from the DOS prompt.
   (2) Run ZIP from the Application Manager after installing it like this:
                  Name: Zip
                  Path: C:\ZIP.COM |200
               Comment: [Fn+!]
The "|200" after the path specifies a 200k memory allocation (you could get
away with about 135k if necessary), while an upside-down exclamation point in
the comment field (press [Fn+!]) tells SYSMGR not to interrupt ZIP.
   (3) use the ASERCTL utility available on CompuServe's HPHAND forum (and
provided on disk with ZIP to registered users).

     In some cases, the /S option may work only intermittently for transfer-
ring files in subdirectories from the 100LX to another PC, although it works
fine from PC to 100LX.  Some users do not seem to be affected by this problem;
its cause is unclear.

     ZIPDUP apparently doesn't work from another PC to the 100LX, though it
does work from the 100LX to a PC.


----------------------------- D. ERROR MESSAGES ------------------------------

     <Argument error>  invalid command-line argument(s).
<Insufficient memory>  not enough memory to load and run ZIP (<128k).
      <Connect error>  can't connect -- bad cable? wrong version? timeout?
          <No server>  function requires server mode on other computer.
     <Too many files>  global filespec (eg *.*) includes over 1024 files.
<Error reading @file>  @file nested or too large to read.
      <Bad directory>  specified directory doesn't exist and can't be created.
      <Name conflict>  filename is in use by a directory or read/only file.
       <Delete error>  specified file doesn't exist, is read/only, etc.
         <Read error>  trouble reading a file: access denied, etc.
        <Write error>  trouble writing a file: disk full, invalid path, etc.
            <Aborted>  you pressed Esc/^C/Ctrl-Break.
              <Error>  communication error, or error on other computer.


---------------------- E. ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND AUTHOR -----------------------


     As of Fall 1993, ZIP has been well reviewed in numerous computer
newsletters; it has been included on the HP Palmtop Paper's subscriber disk
for HP95/100LX users, and on disk with the following computer books:
     "DOS 6.0 Power Tools" by John Goodman & John Socha (Bantam Books)
     "DOS Stuff Microsoft Forgot" by Tim Stanley (Que Books)
     "The Little Laptop Book" by Steve Cummings (Peachpit Press)


         "lightning fast and simple to learn... simply dazzling...
         ZIP provides the fastest file transfer between PC's using
         the tiniest amount of disk space...  a simple, lean, and
         very effective program, not to mention the fastest of all
         the programs we looked at for this review."
                         -- Bil. Alvernaz, Quantum PC Report, June 1992


     Eric Meyer has also written the VDE editor/word processor and a number of
other utilities for IBM PC compatibles.  He holds an A.B. in physics and a
Ph.D. in history and philosophy of science, and has taught at the Universities
of Indiana, Oklahoma, and Colorado.  A longtime advocate of microcomputers, he
has done programming in HP-41, Z80 assembler, BASIC, FORTRAN, LISP, C, and
APL; lately he has been working mostly in 8086 assembler.  In a period of
escalating software complexity and prices, he still believes that useful,
inexpensive software should remain available to computer users worldwide.


====================================[end]=====================================