DP Tool Club 16/CD_ASCQ_16_0994.iso/maj/2199/docs/graphica.v27

Text File | 1994-07-09 | 42KB | 1,209 lines

Graphica User's Manual                                     June 1994

Graphica software and manual (c) copyright 1992-94 by Antonio Montes.

*********************************************************************

GRAPHICA version 2.7
A System for Drawing Scientific Graphs

*********************************************************************

If you like this program, you can send a contribution of US$30 or NLG
55 to the address below.  Contributors to the development of Graphica
are entitled to mail support, a copy of the latest version, and 10
additional software fonts.  See the 'orderfrm.doc' file for details.

Antonio Montes
Postbus 13
2350 AA Leiderdorp
The Netherlands
If You Hate Reading Instructions
*********************************************************************

If you'd like to get started with Graphica right away and can't wait
to read the entire manual, here is a set of instructions to install
it on your hard disk and generate a simple file:

MS-DOS
------

1. Create a subdirectory called \GRAPHICA on your hard disk and make
   it the current directory:

     md \graphica
     cd \graphica

2. Insert the Graphica diskette in floppy drive A.
3. Run UNZIP or an equivalent program to extract the program files
   from the archive in the diskette:

     unzip a:\graphica.zip

4. Type graphica at the DOS prompt, hit any key and enter:

     > plot sin(x)
     > draw x y
     > frame
     > dump
     > quit

The previous sequence of commands generates an HPGL file called
'graphica.hpg' containing a plot of the sine function.  You can send
the file directly to a plotter or import it into some other package.

Coherent
--------

1. Copy the Graphica package to the Coherent partition.
2. Run UNZIP or an equivalent program to extract the program files
from the archive in the diskette:

     $ unzip graphica.zip

3. Change to the /graphica subdirectory
4. Type graphica at the prompt, hit any key and enter:

     > plot sin(x)
     > draw x y
     > frame
     > dump
     > quit

The previous sequence of commands generates an HPGL file called
'graphica.hpg' containing a plot of the sine function.  You can send
the file directly to a plotter or import it into some other package.
                       TABLE OF CONTENTS



INTRODUCTION
     What is Graphica?
     About This Guide
     How to Use This Guide
     Who Wrote Graphica
     System Requirements (MS-DOS version)
     Installing Graphica (MS-DOS version)
     System Requirements (Coherent version)
     Installing Graphica (Coherent version)
     Disclaimer
     Bug Reporting

TUTORIAL
     Invoking Graphica
     Entering Commands
     Document Conventions
     Command-Line Editor
     Editors and External Programs
     Numerical Calculations
     Plotting Functions
     Plotting Data
     Plotting Data Files
     Plotting Parametric Curves
     Using Script Files
     Multiple Graphs on one Page
     Graphics Hardcopy
     Including Graphs in Word Processors
     Tips

REFERENCE
                         INTRODUCTION



What is Graphica?
*********************************************************************

Graphica is a command-driven interactive/batch graphics program for
making presentation quality graphs on a computer.  This
two-dimensional data plotting system is designed specifically for
scientific and engineering applications.  Graphica is easy to use,
powerful and it runs on personal computers, mainframes and
workstations.  With Graphica, you can:

     o   plot data or functions
     o   evaluate and plot mathematical expressions
     o   fit polynomials, sigmoids, splines, and smooth data
     o   display and print graphs on hardcopy devices
     o   export graphs in HPGL, GIF, LaserJet, PCX, color
         PostScript, TIF and other output formats
     o   draw text in 11 different fonts, including roman, greek,
         cyrillic and gothic
     o   draw hundreds of specialized symbols
     o   get online help

Graphica is an interactive computer program which accepts English
sentence specifications of graphs, and, from those specifications,
produces publication quality pictures.  This manual describes the use
of Graphica.  The specifications that the user provides are referred
to as "commands" or "statements."

Final graphs are of publication quality and may be fitted to pages
with existing text thereby eliminating costly reproductions
(photocopying and reduction).

The user operates the program through a set of problem oriented
language (POL) commands.  Each command consists of keywords and data
values separated by blanks or commas.  This requires minimum data
input and enables simple and efficient graphing.  For example, if the
user enters:

     map x 0,10 y 0,100

Graphica determines that the user wants the X-axis range set from 0
to 10 and the Y-axis range set from 0 to 100.  The user must separate
entities in a command with blanks or commas.  In this manual, blanks
are not explicitly indicated.

Other Graphica capabilities include:

     o   multiple curve plotting and graphs
     o   axis drawing with labels and scaled divisions
     o   log-log, semilog, probability and linear plots
     o   graph titles and legends
     o   hardware and software character generation
     o   3 units of measure (in, cm, mm)


About This Guide
*********************************************************************

This manual provides a reference for the Graphica command syntax and
usage.  It also provides a set of example plots which indicate the
capabilities of the package.  It may be useful to thumb through the
example plots and to refer to the appropriate script file when you're
creating a plot.  This way you can see what features are desired for
the given plot and you can learn how to activate those (and other)
features.

The manual is divided into two main sections:  the tutorial and the
reference guide.  The tutorial is an introduction to the Graphica
system.  Many examples are given.  The reference section contains
extensive details on all Graphica functions (see the 'graphica.fil'
file in the distribution).


How to Use This Guide
*********************************************************************

Once Graphica is up and running, this guide will not be needed very
often.  The online help provides most of what is needed in order to
use the program.  If you need help on a particular command, look it
up in the reference section.  The tutorial section will get you
started.  Remember, you may enter commands at the command line as
well as from a script file.  Load the example script files in the
package to get a feel for how Graphica works.


Who Wrote Graphica
*********************************************************************

Antonio Montes grew up in Germany and Spain and went to school in
Saudi Arabia and Alaska.  He wrote the original Graphica (which used
to be called Logos) in Fortran while attending graduate school at the
University of Kansas, in Lawrence.  He received his doctorate in
petroleum engineering in 1992 and is now working for a major oil
service company.

The new Graphica program was written in C by the author over the last
several years.  Mathematica (by Wolfram Research, Inc.), Matlab (by
The MathWorks) as well as Gnuplot (Thomas Williams and Colin Kelley)
have had a great influence on Graphica.  Mathematica and Matlab
provided ideas for lots of new commands.  Gnuplot provided the
initial parsing algorithm, the character online help system and some
functions.  Publicly available sources and books provided additional
code.

Graphica was written to generate professional publication-quality
two-dimensional graphs quickly and efficiently.  If a new feature is
needed, it can be incorporated immediately into the program by the
author.  In addition, it provides a good reason to play around with
software engineering tools (compilers, etc.) on a variety of
platforms.  The program is under constant development.


System Requirements (MS-DOS version)
*********************************************************************

Graphica normally detects automatically what graphics monitor
hardware is present in order to preview graphs.  In general, you
basically need the following items:

     Computer:    IBM PC,XT,AT or compatible

     Disk Drives: 2 floppy drives or 1 floppy drive/hard drive

     Memory:      640K Bytes (Graphica also uses XMS/EMS)

     Video Cards: CGA, EGA, VGA or compatible adapter
                  Hercules Monochrome Adapter or compatible

     Hardcopy:          HPGL compatible plotters
                        Epson printers and compatibles
                        PostScript laser printers
                        HP LaserJet II and 4 printers

     Other Output:      Lotus 1-2-3 PIC file
                        GIF, PCX and TIF files


Installing Graphica (MS-DOS version)
*********************************************************************

There are no special installation requirements.  The simplest
procedure is to make a new directory on your hard disk, and to copy
all of the files there.  You may wish to put the Graphica directory
on your path, or to copy the files to a RAM disk.

Let's suppose you wish to install Graphica into a directory called
\GRAPHICA.  To create the directory, simply do the following:

     md graphica
     cd graphica

If you have changed your system prompt with $P$G (as part of your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file, for example), the prompt should show:

     C:\GRAPHICA>

Graphica should have been distributed as one compressed ZIP file.
To uncompress this file, you will need UNZIP.EXE or an equivalent
program:

     C:\GRAPHICA>unzip a:graphica

After extracting from the archive, Graphica consists of the following
files:

     GRAPHICA.EXE   main program
     GRAPHICA.FIL   help file
     YY**.BIN       binary font files
     README.1ST     quick instructions
     EXAMPLES.ZIP   sample script files
     DOCS.ZIP       documentation

The original ZIP file contains several two other ZIP files,
EXAMPLES.ZIP and DOCS.ZIP.  You may uncompress these or leave them
alone to save disk space.


System Requirements (Coherent version)
*********************************************************************

To run Graphica, you'll need the following hardware and software:

     Computer: IBM 386, 486, etc. or compatible

     Operating System: Coherent v4.2.05 or higher

     Disk Drives: 1 floppy drive or 1 floppy drive/hard drive

     Video Cards: VGA or compatible adapter

     Hardcopy:          HPGL compatible plotters
                        Epson printers and compatibles
                        PostScript laser printers
                        HP LaserJet II and 4 printers

     Other Output:      Lotus 1-2-3 PIC file
                        GIF, PCX and TIF files


Installing Graphica (Coherent version)
*********************************************************************

There are no special installation requirements.  The simplest
procedure is to make a new directory on your hard disk, and to copy
all of the files there.  You may wish to put the Graphica directory
on your path.

Graphica should have been distributed as one compressed ZIP file.
Copy this file to your Coherent partition.  To uncompress the
archive, you will need UNZIP.EXE or an equivalent program:

      $ unzip graphica

After extracting from the archive, Graphica consists of the following
directory with a couple of subdirectories under it, as follows:

      /graphica
      /graphica/examples
      /graphica/docs

/graphica directory
-------------------

graphica         main program (executable)
graphica.fil     help file (ascii-may be printed)
yy*.bin          binary software fonts

/graphica/examples directory
----------------------------

This directory contains sample script files:

   *.plt         script files
   *.dat         data files

/graphica/docs directory
------------------------

graphica.doc     short user's tutorial (this file)
history.doc      log of latest changes and improvements
register.doc     contribution information
sharewre.doc     about shareware
Readme           quick instructions
Hints            file with a few hints
Warning          file listing script files with problems


Disclaimer
*********************************************************************

The authors have made their best effort in producing this software,
but hereby disclaim all warranties.  The authors will not be liable
for any damages arising from the use or misuse of Graphica.  The
person using the software bears all risk as to the quality and
performance of the software.  The program is provided as is.


Bug Reporting
*********************************************************************

Graphica is under constant revision, updating and being given
expanded capabilities.  Prior to each release, the developer strives
to verify new features and bug fixes through testing.  However, as
inevitably happens with any software, some bugs do survive and show
up in user runs.  Users can aid in the problem fixing process by
following the guidelines below:

     a) Report any unusual messages, computed results, format
        overflows, etc. even though the program appears to have
        terminated normally.

     b) For any abnormal program termination, save the input file and
        all output obtained by running the program.

Reported problems will be fixed as quickly as possible.  In most
instances, alternate methods or techniques of plot formulation and
input are available to permit graphing despite the bug.  All problems
encountered with Graphica should be reported to:

     Antonio Montes
     Postbus 13
     2350 AA Leiderdorp
     The Netherlands

     CompuServe userid: 71031,1162
     Internet: [e-mail]
                           TUTORIAL


Welcome to the Graphica tutorial.

A plot is a graphic image used to present information in a visual
manner.  The components of a graphic image are:  lines, markers, text
strings, polygons, etc.  The basic ingredients of a plot are: a page,
a subplot area and data points.  The data points are plotted using
symbols, characters or simple dots.  Data points and curves are drawn
or plotted on a grid space formed by Cartesian coordinate axes.  The
horizontal line is the x-axis and the vertical line, the y-axis.  A
graph is made with Graphica by either loading an existing script file
from the disk, or by creating a new graph through the command line.
This section explains how to create simple graphs.

All commands may be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not
ambiguous.  Any number of commands may appear on a line, separated by
semicolons.  A script file is loaded with the load command.

Commands may extend over several input lines, by ending each line but
the last with a backslash (\).  The backslash must be the last
character on each line.  The effect is as if the backslash and
newline were not there.  Commenting out a continued line comments out
the entire command.


Invoking Graphica (MS-DOS version)
*********************************************************************

Graphica can be run from any directory as long as GRAPHICA.EXE is
placed in the directory search path.  Start Graphica by entering
graphica at the prompt and pressing return:

     C:\GRAPHICA>graphica

Graphica takes a few seconds to load into memory.  Then the screen
will clear, there will be a brief notice and you'll be at the >
prompt.  The program is ready for your input.

To exit, type quit or exit at the Graphica command level.

     > quit

and you're back at the operating system prompt.


Entering Commands
*********************************************************************

For help on any topic, type help followed by the name of the topic at
the > prompt.

Anytime you are ready to type in the next Graphica command and your
screen shows a plot (in other words, you are in graphics mode), just
press any key or start typing the command in.  At the > prompt, you
can always type show to have a look at what you have plotted on the
screen so far.


Document Conventions
*********************************************************************

Input to Graphica is in the form of a problem oriented language (POL)
designed specifically for graphing purposes.  The following is a
description of the conventions used within the manual to explain
Graphica commands.

The appearance within a Graphica command of a descriptor of the form
<integer> implies that the user is to enter an item of data within
that position in the statement of the class described by the
descriptor (in the above example, an integer).  The command:

     divisions x <integer>,<integer>

implies that the word divisions is to be followed by the word x and
two integers such as 2 or 3, and that the statement entered by the
user as input data should be of the form:

     divisions x 2,2

The following are definitions of most of the descriptors used within
the language.  Those not described below are explained when they
first occur in the text.

<integer> a series of digits optionally preceeded by a plus or a
minus sign.  Examples are 121, +300, -410.

<real> a series of digits with a decimal point included, or a series
of digits with a decimal point followed by an exponent indicating a
power of 10.  Real numbers may be optionally signed.  Examples are
1.0, -2.5, 3.6E+10.

<value> is either an integer or a real number.

'string' is any textual information enclosed within a pair of
apostrophes (') or quotes (").  An example is 'Are you following this
so far?'

As noted above, input to Graphica is a series of English-like
commands.  Many of the words or phrases in these commands are
optional and are permitted primarily for readability or are used to
specify options within a command.  The curly braces {} denote these
optional items.

Each command is entered on a new line.  Commands can be entered in
lower case, upper case, or both.  Only the first significant
characters of a command are needed.  A line starting with a hatch (#)
will be treated as a comment line.  Also, anything after that
character in a line will be treated as a comment.

Items such as <integer> shown in the command definitions must always
be replaced by an integer.  Undesignated items such as <minimum>,
<maximum>, etc. can be replaced by either an integer or a real.  For
example,

     divisions x2 <integer>,<integer>

can be specified as

     div x2 3 2

whereas
     map x <minimum value> <maximum value>

can be entered as

     map x 20 30
or
     map x 20.0 30.0

Sometimes keywords in a command line can be entered in any order
(except the very first one, of course).  For instance,

     plot add x connect y

will plot the X/Y data connecting all points and adding symbols.

In many commands, items may be repeated or more than one word is
acceptable in a given position within a command.  The choices are
listed enclosed in curly brackets '{}'.  For example, the command
definition

     draw {x,y,x2,y2} {mask,reflect}

indicates that the user may enter commands like

     draw x reflect y2 reflect
     draw x y
     draw y reflect x2 mask.

Similarly,

     paper {size} <horizontal value> {by} <vertical value>

can be written as

     paper size 11.0 by 8.5
     pap 11.0 8.5
or
     paper 11 by 8.5

In order to be more descriptive within the command definitions,
actual data items (items enclosed within '<>') are sometimes
described in terms of their physical meaning and followed by the type
or class of data item which can be used in the command.  For example,
a command definition of the form

     input {from} {file} <filename>

implies that the data item following the word input is the name of a
file.  For example, acceptable commands would be

     input 'myfile.p'
     input from 'graph.dat'

Filenames or labels are not acceptable if they are not enclosed
within apostrophes or quotes.  Examples of commands with incorrect
labels or filenames are:

     input from my data
     label top you*beast!
     xlabel honey.pie


Command-Line Editor
*********************************************************************

On some systems (Coherent, DOS and Windows), Graphica is compiled
with a feature called last-line editing and recall.  In that case,
the arrow keys on the keypad can be used to edit mistyped commands or
to recall previous command lines.

Instead of retyping an entire line, simply hit the up-arrow or
down-arrow keys to recall previous input lines.  Then you can move
the cursor over using the left and right-arrow keys and edit the
line.  The arrow keys on the keypad work on copies of the previous
input lines, which have been saved in a moderately sized input
buffer.  Here is a brief description of the arrow key functions:

^N or up arrow      recall previous line
^P or down arrow    recall next line
^B or left arrow    move left one character
^F or right arrow   move right one character
^A or home          move to beginning of line
^E or end           move to end of line
^U or esc           cancel current line
^H or del           delete character left of cursor
backspace           delete character at cursor
^K                  kill from current position to the end of line
^D                  delete the current character
^R                  redraw line in case it gets trashed
^W                  kill last word

Hitting the return key returns the entire line regardless of the
cursor position.  On systems without the last-line editing and recall
feature, the recall command gives a list of the last 10 user input
lines for review.  For example:

     > recall

would give out a list such as:

     paper size 11 by 8.5
     subplot 2 3 6 7
     frame
     draw x y

which were previously entered commands.


Editors and External Programs
*********************************************************************

The dollar sign character ($) is used within Graphica on the very
first position of a command line to indicate that the rest of the
input line should be issued as a command to the operating system.
Control will return immediately to Graphica after this command is
executed.  For example:

     > $edit test

runs an editor on file test and returns to Graphica upon completion.

The shell command spawns an interactive shell.  Use this option to
access the operating system prompt and execute commands or run other
programs.  When shelling out to the operating system, you can execute
any command or application and stay there.

To return to Graphica type EXIT at the command line (MS-DOS).


Numerical Calculations
*********************************************************************

You can do arithmetic with Graphica like with a calculator.  You type
the input 2+4,

     > 2+4

and Graphica prints the result 6,

     2+4 = 6

You may define your own functions and variables,

     > f(x) = sin(x)+cos(x)
     > f(3)
     f(3) = -0.84887

     > Vp = -1.25
     Vp = -1.25
     > Vp/3.4
     Vp/3.4 = -0.36765

or use the built-in functions to construct or plot more complicated
functions.  The output format (number of decimals shown) can be
changed with the 'format' command.  See the format entry in the
reference section for more details.


Plotting Functions
*********************************************************************

The 'plot' command is the heart of Graphica.  It is used to plot
data, functions and datafiles.  We will be using it a lot in the next
few pages.  To plot a sine wave, enter the following command at the >
prompt:

     > plot sin(x)

Within a few seconds, a graph of sin(x) as a function of x will be
plotted.  Press any key and then enter:

     > draw x y

The x and y axes will be drawn.  The x axis will span from -10 to 10,
since that is the default range.

You can plot functions that have singularities.  Graphica will try to
choose the appropriate y scale.  Enter:

     > clear

to clear the graphics slate.  Then enter:

     > sampling 300
     > plot tan(x)

The 'sampling' command simply tells Graphica that we would like to
plot more points of the function that the default of 150.  After
that, the plot command plots the function.  To draw the axes, do:

     > draw x y

You can give a list of functions to plot all at once.  Go ahead and
clear everything by entering:

     > clear

Then, map the x-axis with the following command:

     > map x 0 2*pi

To actually plot the functions, enter:

     > plot sin(x), sin(2*x), sin(3*x)

And to draw the axes:

     > draw x y

Graphica always tries to plot functions as smooth curves.  As a
result, in places where your function wiggles a lot, you may adapt
Graphica's sampling of your function to the form of the function (we
did that by giving the sampling command at the beginning of this
section.)  Since Graphica can only sample your function at a limited
number of points, it can sometimes miss features of the function.  By
increasing 'sampling', you can make Graphica sample your function at
a larger number of points.  Of course, the larger you set sampling to
be, the longer it will take Graphica to plot any function, even a
smooth one.

The function sin(1/x) wiggles infinitely often when x is near zero.
Graphica can never sample the infinite number that it would need to
reproduce the function exactly.  As a result, there are slight
glitches in the plot.  Go ahead and try it:

     > clear
     > map x -1,1
     > plot sin(1/x)
     > draw x y


Plotting Data
*********************************************************************

You may combine two Graphica commands, plot and data, to plot data
points.  For example:

     > clear
     > data
     data> 2 3
     data> 5 4
     data> 6 4
     data> 7 5
     data> 5 3
     data> end
     > plot x y add
     > draw x y

This sequence of commands will result in a simple graph with both
axis autoscaled.  See the map command for more details on how to
change the x-axis scale in the plot.


Plotting Data Files
*********************************************************************

Data may also be plotted by retrieving the information from a data
file.  There are a couple of ways of doing this.  The first is by
simply specifying:

     > clear
     > data 'bob.dat'

where bob.dat contains 3 columns of numbers.  To plot the data, you
can do:

     > plot data

which will plot the first 2 columns.  To draw the axes:

     > draw x y

Using the other method, you can plot a datafile directly:

     > clear
     > plot 'bob.dat'

and now the axes:

     > draw x y

The first method allows you to read in several columns of data and
then choose which one will be plotted (see 'column' in the reference
section.)  By default, specifying plot data simply plots the first
two columns of data as x versus y.


Plotting Parametric Curves
*********************************************************************

In a parametric plot, you give both the x and y coordinates of each
point as a function of a third parameter, say t.  Let us construct
a parametric plot.  In this example, the parametric curve made by
taking the x coordinate of each point to be sin(t) and the y
coordinate to be sin(2*t):

     > clear
     > parametric plot t 0,2*pi sin(t) sin(2*t)
     > draw x y


Using Script Files
*********************************************************************

A script file is simply a text file containing valid Graphica
commands.  The script file can be executed by the load or input
command.  The name of the input file must be enclosed in single or
double quotes:

     > clear
     > load 'torp.plt'


Multiple Graphs on one Page
*********************************************************************

With Graphica, you may plot as many graphs on one page as you wish by
changing the subplot area.  Try this:

     > clear
     > load 'rocha.plt'

Several axes have been defined, x and y axes with labels, a y2 axis
without labels, etc.  The data shown is actual experimental data.


Graphics Hardcopy
*********************************************************************

Unless your computer or terminal is directly connected to a device
(for example, a plotter) the best way to get hardcopy output is
through the dump command.  If you are using the Windows version of
Graphica, then you can also use the Windows drivers to get hardcopy
directly from the graph window.

The dump command generates hardcopy output into a file.  The syntax is:

     dump {device-type} {filename}

If the filename is omitted, Graphica will use a default filename of
the form graphica.xxx where xxx is a file extension, that depends on
the chosen device type.  If the device type is missing and  you have
defined the environment variable GRAPDUMP, then this device will be
used.  A device type specified on the command line overrides any
device type previously specified in GRAPDUMP.  You will get an error
message if Graphica can't find a device type somewhere (either in the
environment or on the command line.)

If you wish to dump directly to a device, there are two options.
First, you can dump to a file and then use the $ command to perform a
copy to a printer or plotter.  The second option is to use the output
command and then do a show.  Both achieve the same purpose.  Let's
illustrate both:

     > dump postscript
     > $copy graphica.ps prn
or
     (do some graphics on screen)
     > output prn
     > term postscript
     > show

This last example would "redraw" everything in PostScript to the
printer specified by prn.  See the 'dump' command in the reference
section for some examples.


Including Graphs in Word Processors
*********************************************************************

If you'd like to import graphs into a word processor like WordPerfect
5.1, here's how.  You may produce plots with Graphica, export them
using HPGL, GIF, PCX or TIF output and import them into WordPerfect.
Once a graphic has been imported into WordPerfect, you can move it,
scale it, rotate it, add captions, etc.  Let's create a graph with
Graphica and retrieve it into a WordPerfect document step by step.

There is a file in your distribution disk called ris108.plt.  Start
Graphica:

     C:\GRAPHICA>graphica

and load the script file ris108.plt:

     > load 'ris108.plt'

The screen will clear and a plot will be drawn.  In fact, this plot
makes use of font 5 (complex cyrillic).  The graph was created after
one in a russian text dealing with petroleum chemistry.

Now press any key and enter:

     > dump hpgl 'ris108.hpg'

The dump command will create a file called ris108.hpg containing HPGL
commands.  You may later send this file to a plotter or pull it into
any of the many programs that accept HPGL commands.  Now, exit
Graphica by typing quit or q:

     > q

and start WordPerfect:

     C:\GRAPHICA>wp

When the screen clears, do the following:

     1) press Alt-F9 (for the graphics menu)
     2) type 1 (for figure)
     3) select 1 (for create)
     4) select 1 (for filename)

     5) enter ris108.hpg (to read the file in, no quotes)

WordPerfect will retrieve the HPGL information into a graphic box
immediately.  You can edit the graph further within the graphics
menu:

     6) press 9 (for edit)

or simply view the graph:

     7) press F7 (to exit the graphics menu)
     8) press shift-F7 (for print)
     9) press 6 (for view document)

and you have successfully imported a Graphica plot into a WordPerfect
document.


Tips
*********************************************************************

Here are some more pointers to help you get going more efficiently
with Graphica:

o     Pressing any key while the introductory screen is shown will
      take you directly to the command line.

o     To run Graphica in batch mode, simply specify a terminal type
      of 'unknown' in your script file and run the script file on the
      command line as an argument to Graphica (GRAPHICA SCRIPT.PLT).

o     Use the arrow keys (up, down, right, left ) to recall previous
      commands or edit the current command line.

o     Type 'what' to get a list of all the *.plt script files you may
      have in the current directory.

o     You may put more than one command on a line-just separate each
      command by a semicolon, for example,

      > plot x y add ; column 3 is y ; plot x y connect

o     You may enter the name of a script file at the Graphica command
      line (without the .PLT extension) to load the file.

      > doit

      will load the file 'doit.plt' into Graphica and execute the
      commands in the file.
                           REFERENCE

In the printed, bound manual, this section contains detailed
descriptions of all Graphica commands.  It begins with a list of
commands grouped by subject area and continues with the reference
entries in alphabetical order.

In this document, only the command grouping is presented.  However,
the commands are still fully described in a companion ASCII file
called 'graphica.fil' which can be printed.  This file is used by
Graphica's on-line help engine.

Also, the file 'history.doc' gives information on last minute command
changes, additions and/or corrections.  The on-line help file will
always contain the latest information available about all commands in
the version of GRAPHICA you now have.


General

      clear             clear workspace
      default           reset defaults
      dummy             specify dummy variables
      exit              terminate program
      help              invoke online help
      memory            DOS memory left
      quit              same as exit
      sampling          specify sampling rate
      stats             show input data statistics
      variables         list variables
      version           show version
      who               same as variables

Command Window

      clc               clear command screen
      echo              enable command echoing
      pause             pause and/or wait for user response
      recall            recall previous commands
      shell             spawn a shell
      $                 execute an OS command

Disk and Data Files

      audit             set command trace
      cd                change current directory
      data              read data from disk or terminal
      del               delete a file from disk
      dir               directory of files on disk
      load              load script file from disk
      input             same as load
      pwd               print current directory
      save              write commands to file
      type              display a file from disk
      what              show script files on disk

Graph Setup Commands

      autoscale         axis autoscaling
      background        background color
      column            assign column data to axes
      divisions         number of axis divisions
      exponent          format in log labels
      format            label format
      grid              switch grid drawing on
      location          mapped positions
      map               limits of an axis
      mask              mask area
      origin            axis origin
      pen               specify pen parameter
      paper size        graph paper size
      plotting sequence plotting sequence
      subplot area      where plot will actually go
      symbol            plotting symbol
      tic               tic mark size and direction
      units             drawing units

Plotting Commands

      arrow             draw an arrow
      circle            draw a circle
      draw              draw an axis
      frame             draw a frame
      line              draw a line
      lineto            draw a line to a location
      moveto            move cursor to a location
      parametric        plot a parametric curve
      plot              plot a data file, curve or function
      polar             draw a polar plot
      rectangle         draw a rectangle
      shade             shade a set of data
      show              show screen

Interpolation and Fitting Commands

      polyfit           draw a polynomial curve through data
      sigmoid           draw a sigmoid curve through data
      smooth            draw a smooth curve through data
      spline            draw a spline curve through data

Text Annotation and Character Setup Commands

      character font    change the character font
      character gap     change the character gap
      character ratio   change the character ratio
      character size    change the character size
      character slant   change the character slant
      label             draw a label
      legend            draw a legend
      sub/superscript   specify sub/superscript size
      title             draw a centered title
      xlabel            draw a centered x-axis label
      ylabel            draw a centered y-axis label
      x2label           draw a centered x2-axis label
      y2label           draw a centered y2-axis label

Miscellaneous Graph Commands

      beep              switch graph beep on
      digitize          establish an x/y position
      display           switch mouse/cursor location display on
      dump              generate hardcopy output
      output            specify output device
      terminal          select graphic device
      timestamp         switch timestamp on
      view              move paper to view plotter output

Elementary Math Functions

      abs               absolute value or complex magnitude
      arg               phase angle
      ceil              round up to nearest integer
      conj              complex-conjugate
      floor             round down to nearest integer
      imag              imaginary part
      rand              pseudorandom number generator
      real              real part
      seed              seed to rand above
      sqr               square root

Trigonometric Functions

      acos              arc cosine
      acosh             hyperbolic arc cosine
      asin              arc sine
      asinh             hyperbolic arc sine
      atan              arc tangent
      atanh             hyperbolic arc tangent
      cos               cosine
      cosh              hyperbolic cosine
      sin               sine
      sinh              hyperbolic sine
      tan               tangent
      tanh              hyperbolic tangent

Special Functions

      erf               error function
      erfc              complementary error function
      ierf              inverse error function
      gamma             gamma function
      lgamma            logarithm of gamma function
      ibeta             incomplete beta integral
      ibetai            inverse of incomplete beta integral
      igamma            incomplete gamma integral
      igamc             complemented incomplete gamma integral
      igami             inverse of incomplete gamma integral

Bessel Functions

      besi0             Bessel function, i-zeroth
      besi1             Bessel function, i-first
      besin             Bessel function, i-nth
      besj0             Bessel function, j-zeroth
      besj1             Bessel function, j-first
      besjn             Bessel function, j-nth
      besk0             Bessel function, k-zeroth
      besk1             Bessel function, k-first
      beskn             Bessel function, k-zeroth
      besy0             Bessel function, y-zeroth
      besy1             Bessel function, y-first
      besyn             Bessel function, y-nth

Probability Density Functions

      bdtr              binomial distribution
      bdtrc             complemented binomial distribution
      bdtri             inverse binomial distribution
      nbdtr             negative binomial distribution
      nbdtrc            complemented negative binomial distribution
      bdtr              beta distribution
      chdtr             chi-square distribution
      chdtrc            complemented chi-square distribution
      chdtri            inverse of complemented chi-square distribution
      fdtr              F distribution
      fdtrc             complemented F distribution
      fdtri             inverse of complemented F distribution
      gdtr              gamma distribution
      gdtrc             complemented gamma distribution
      ndtr              normal distribution
      ndtri             inverse of normal distribution
      pdtr              Poisson distribution
      pdtrc             complemented Poisson distribution
      pdtri             inverse Poisson distribution
      stdtr             student's t distribution

Miscellaneous Information

      bugs
      comments
      environment
      errors
      hpgl
      gif
      laserjet
      mathematical expressions
      operators
      pcx
      postscript
      startup
      text control sequences
      tif

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end of document