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1995-06-20
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ALBEBRA, A SKILL-ORIENTED APPROACH
and
MATHEMATICS, BASIC SKILLS
Historical Note
Educational software is rarely commercially successful;
serious stuff; almost never so. For this reason and because
I am a man of advanced years, I have decided to designate
the software, (short title, "Skill-Oriented Algebra," [SOA]),
and "Mathematics, Basic Skills," (MBS), FREEWARE. Both program
groups produce printed exercises designed for direct use by
classroom students. Teachers may use photo-copies to supply
exercises for an entire class. Answers are provided and
reflect accepted, in-class formats.
Both packages have been very useful. "Skill-Oriented
Algebra," grew out of the repeated failure on my part and on
the part of my associates, to teach elementary algebra to normal,
public high school students. In each school -- and I have taught
in many -- only a small handful of students could absorb the
text-based course. It is a problem that is substantially
universal, and until now, knew of no rational solution.
I am a retired military officer with a background in
engineering and contract management for development and test
programs. When a problem exists, I automatically make the
attempt at analysis first, followed by a proposed rectifica-
tion, and then test. I determined that modern public school
students are unprepared for the concepts and techniques of
algebra. Most could not even perform satisfactorily in
elementary school arithmetic. I proposed to tackle both
problems simultaneously with a course specifically designed for
our "substandard" students.
Course content was pared to the essentials and sequenced
in such a manner as to avoid overwhelming students at the start;
then gradually -- in degrees -- "upgrade" their arithmetic skills
while instructing the concepts and drilling the techniques of
algebra. Four years of test followed in a minority populated
public school in suburban Phoenix, Arizona. This proved -- or
at least, demonstrated conclusively -- the efficacy of the
proposed "solution."
"Mathematics, Basic Skills," (MBS), grew out of a similar
situation encountered during a brief sojourn in a small junior
high school. This school was a "low socio-economic unit" and
rated 29th in basic arithmetic skills in a district containing
twenty-nine schools. My first year there, another school
joined the district, after which we were rated 30th. It was an
insupportable situation.
Fortunately, there was a benefactor: Honeywell Corporation
of Phoenix, Arizona. Recognizing that we had a programmer
aboard, they contributed equipment, communications, and central
processor time on their new series 2,000 computer.
A few abortive attempts were made at "interaction" programs,
after which MBS was developed and through the use of Honeywell-
provided Western Union teletypes and Ditto facsimile, a program
of directed drill and practice was employed to upgrade our stu-
dents. Using the techniques of Operant Psychology, involving
black stars and gold stars and eventually candy; there was
produced a student body so adept at arithmetic and elementary
mathematics, that they rose in that one year to the virtual top
of the district. Standardized tests produced no final "victor;"
but our school rated "second" in one category and "fifth" in the
one other. I don't believe more than one or two other schools
had overall ratings as high as ours.
Over the years, both SOA and MBS have undergone many
modifications as students and associates offered suggestions
and improvements. Programming progressed from Time Share Basic
through Commodore Business Machines programming, to "Apple" and
now, finally, to IBM PC & Compatibles.
A. DATTORE
CompuServe
75222,1254
Alfred D'Attore
1300 South Farm View Drive
Apartment B-21
Dover, Delaware 19904
USA