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EXPIRE(8) C News (5 June 1989) EXPIRE(8)
NAME
expire, doexpire - expire old news
mkhistory - rebuild news history file
upact - update news active file
superkludge - implement stupid Supersedes header in news
SYNOPSIS
/usr/lib/newsbin/expire/expire [ -a archdir ] [ -p ] [ -s ]
[ -F c ] [ -c ] [ -n nnnnn ] [ -t ] [ -l ] [ -v ]
[ -d ] [ controlfile ]
/usr/lib/newsbin/expire/doexpire expireoptions
/usr/lib/newsbin/expire/mkhistory
/usr/lib/newsbin/expire/upact
/usr/lib/newsbin/expire/superkludge [ -v ] newsgroup ...
DESCRIPTION
Expire expires old news, removing it from the current-news
directories and (if asked to) archiving it elsewhere. It
updates news's history file to match. Expire should
normally be run nightly, typically by using doexpire (see
below).
Expire's operations are controlled by a control file (which
can be named or supplied on standard input), which is not
optional-there is no default behavior. Each line of the
control file should have four white-space-separated fields,
as follows.
The first field is one or more newsgroups, separated by
commas (no spaces!); partial specifications are acceptable
(e.g. `comp' specifies all groups with that prefix).
The second field is one letter, `m', `u', or `x', specifying
that the line applies only to moderated groups, only to
unmoderated groups, or to both, respectively.
The third field specifies the expiry period in days. The
most general form is three numbers separated by dashes. The
units are days; decimal fractions are permitted. The first
number gives the retention period: how long must pass after
an article's arrival before it is a candidate for expiry.
The third number gives the purge date: how long must pass
after arrival before the article will be expired
unconditionally. The middle number gives the default expiry
date: how long after an article's arrival it is expired by
default. An explicit expiry date in the article will
override the default expiry date but not the retention
period or the purge date. If the field contains only two
numbers with a dash separating them, the retention period
defaults to 0. If the field contains only a number, the
retention period defaults to 0 and the purge date defaults
to `never'. (But see below.)
Page 1 (printed 6/29/89)
EXPIRE(8) C News (5 June 1989) EXPIRE(8)
The fourth field is an archiving directory, or `@' which
indicates that the default archiving directory (see -a)
should be used, or `-' which suppresses archiving. An
explicit archiving directory (not `@') prefixed with `='
means that articles should be archived into that directory
itself; normally they go into subdirectories under it by
newsgroup name, as in the current-news directory tree.
(E.g., article 123 of comp.pc.drivel being archived into
archive directory /exp would normally become
/exp/comp/pc/drivel/123, but if the archiving directory was
given as `=/exp' rather than `/exp', it would become
/exp/123.) Expire creates subdirectories under an archiving
directory automatically, but will not create the archiving
directory itself. Archiving directories must be given as
full pathnames.
The first line of the control file which applies to a given
article is used to control its expiry. It is an error for
no line to apply; the last line should be something like
`all x 7 -' to ensure that at least one line is always
applicable. Cross-posted articles are treated as if they
were independently posted to each group.
The retention and purge defaults can be overridden by
including a bounds line, one with the special first field
/bounds/; the retention and purge defaults for following
lines will be those of the bounds line. The other fields of
a bounds line are ignored but must be present.
Entries in the history file can be retained after article
expiry, to stop a late-arriving copy of the article from
being taken as a new article. To arrange this, include a
line with the special first field /expired/; this line then
controls the expiry of history lines after the corresponding
articles expire. Dates are still measured from article
arrival, not expiry. The other fields of such a line are
ignored but must be present. It is strongly recommended
that such a line be included, and that it specify as long a
time as practical.
Command-line options are:
-a dir dir is the default archiving directory; if no
default is given, the control file may not contain
any `@' archive-directory fields.
-p print an `index' line for each archived article,
containing its pathname, message ID, date
received, and `Subject:' line.
-s space is tight; optimize error recovery to
minimize space consumed rather than to leave as
much evidence as possible.
Page 2 (printed 6/29/89)
EXPIRE(8) C News (5 June 1989) EXPIRE(8)
-F c the subfield separator character in the middle
history field is c rather than the normal `~'.
-c check the format and consistency of the control
file and the active file, but do not do any
expiring.
-n nnnnn set expire's idea of the time to nnnnn (for
testing).
-t print (on standard error) a shell-script-like
description of what would be done, but don't do
it.
-l consider first filename in a history line to be
the leader of its line, to be expired only after
all others have expired. (Meant for use on
obnoxious systems like VMS which don't support
real links.)
-v verbose: report some statistics after termination.
-d turn on (voluminous and cryptic) debugging output.
Expire considers the middle field of a history line to
consist of one or more subfields separated by `~'. The
first is the arrival date, which can be either a
getdate(3)-readable date or a decimal seconds count; expire
leaves this field unchanged. The second-if present, non-
null, and not `-'-is an explicit expiry date for the file,
again in either format, which expire will convert to a
decimal seconds count as it regenerates the history file.
Subsequent fields are preserved but ignored.
Doexpire checks whether another doexpire is running, checks
that there is enough disk space for expiry and archiving,
invokes expire with any expireoptions given and with
/usr/lib/news/explist as the control file, and reports any
difficulties by sending mail to usenet. This is usually
better than just running expire directly.
Mkhistory rebuilds the history file and its auxiliaries to
match the articles in /usr/spool/news. Upact updates the
third fields of the active file to match the articles in
/usr/spool/news (for historical reasons, expire does not do
this). These programs are both fairly slow and they both
lock the whole news system for the duration of the run, so
they should not be run casually.
Page 3 (printed 6/29/89)
EXPIRE(8) C News (5 June 1989) EXPIRE(8)
Superkludge inspects the files in /usr/spool/news for the
newsgroup(s) given, and removes any that have been
superseded, according to the `Supersedes' header, by newer
ones. The history file is not altered; it's not worth the
trouble. The -v option produces a report of how many
articles have been superseded in each newsgroup.
FILES
/usr/lib/news/history history file
/usr/lib/news/history.pag dbm database for history file
/usr/lib/news/history.dir dbm database for history file
/usr/lib/news/explist expiry control file
/usr/lib/news/history.o history file as of last expiry
/usr/lib/news/history.n new history and dbm files abuilding
/usr/lib/news/LOCKexpire* doexpire's lock file
/usr/lib/newsbin/expire/* various auxiliaries
SEE ALSO
inews(1), dbm(3), relaynews(8)
HISTORY
Written at U of Toronto by Henry Spencer, with contributions
by Geoff Collyer.
BUGS
Archiving is always done by copying, never by linking. This
has the side effect that cross-posted articles are archived
as several independent copies.
The -p subject-finder botches continued header lines, as
does mkhistory, although such lines are rare.
Upact and superkludge are distasteful kludges, but then, so
are the third field of the active file and the `Supersedes'
header.
Some of the more obscure options of expire have not been
tested well.
One cannot put more than one newsgroup into a single
archiving directory with the `=' feature, since the article
numbers will collide with each other and expire doesn't do
anything about this.
Page 4 (printed 6/29/89)