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newsbatch.man
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1991-01-05
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NEWSBATCH(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS NEWSBATCH(8)
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
sendbatches, batchsplit - news batching to other sites
batcher, batchih, batchsm - news-batch preparation
comp, nocomp, compcun, compc7, compb - news-batch compres-
sion
c7encode, bencode - compressed-news-batch encoding
viauux, viauuxz, viauuxcun, viauuxl - news-batch transmis-
sion via uucp
viamail, viaemail, viapmail - news-batch transmission via
mail
viainews, viarsh - news-batch transmission by misc. means
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
////uuuussssrrrr////lllliiiibbbb////nnnneeeewwwwssssbbbbiiiinnnn////bbbbaaaattttcccchhhh////sssseeeennnnddddbbbbaaaattttcccchhhheeeessss [ site ... ]
............////bbbbaaaattttcccchhhhsssspppplllliiiitttt batchsize
............////bbbbaaaattttcccchhhheeeerrrr listfile
............////bbbbaaaattttcccchhhhiiiihhhh listfile
............////bbbbaaaattttcccchhhhssssmmmm listfile
............////ccccoooommmmpppp
............////nnnnooooccccoooommmmpppp
............////ccccoooommmmppppccccuuuunnnn
............////ccccoooommmmppppcccc7777
............////ccccoooommmmppppbbbb
............////cccc7777eeeennnnccccooooddddeeee
............////bbbbeeeennnnccccooooddddeeee [ file ]
............////vvvviiiiaaaauuuuuuuuxxxx site
............////vvvviiiiaaaauuuuuuuuxxxxzzzz site
............////vvvviiiiaaaauuuuuuuuxxxxccccuuuunnnn site
............////vvvviiiiaaaauuuuuuuuxxxxllll group
............////vvvviiiiaaaammmmaaaaiiiillll site
............////vvvviiiiaaaaeeeemmmmaaaaiiiillll site
............////vvvviiiiaaaappppmmmmaaaaiiiillll site
............////vvvviiiiaaaaiiiinnnneeeewwwwssss site
............////vvvviiiiaaaarrrrsssshhhh site
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
_S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s administers batched transmission of news to
other sites. It should be run periodically, under userid
_n_e_w_s, by _c_r_o_n(8) or similar means. It prepares and sends
batches of news, subject to restrictions on available space
and length of outbound queues.
Each site that can have batches sent to it needs a _s_i_t_e
directory under /_u_s_r/_s_p_o_o_l/_n_e_w_s/_o_u_t._g_o_i_n_g. If _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s
is invoked with specific _s_i_t_es given, it considers batching
for those sites, only, in that order. By default, _s_e_n_d_-
_b_a_t_c_h_e_s consults the _b_a_t_c_h_p_a_r_m_s file (see below) to deter-
mine what to do: If there is a ////ddddeeeeffffaaaauuuulllltttt//// entry in
_b_a_t_c_h_p_a_r_m_s, _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s will consider batching for all sites
that have directories in /_u_s_r/_s_p_o_o_l/_n_e_w_s/_o_u_t._g_o_i_n_g, in
oldest-first order by modification time of the directory.
Sun Microsystems Last change: 7 Nov 1990 1
NEWSBATCH(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS NEWSBATCH(8)
If there is no ////ddddeeeeffffaaaauuuulllltttt//// entry, _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s considers batch-
ing for those sites named in _b_a_t_c_h_p_a_r_m_s, in the order named.
To use the batcher, names of files to be sent to a specific
site should be appended to a _t_o_g_o file in its _s_i_t_e direc-
tory. The batcher expects the lines in _t_o_g_o to have two
fields, a filename (as a full pathname, or relative to
/_u_s_r/_s_p_o_o_l/_n_e_w_s) of an article and its size in bytes. A
missing size field is arbitrarily assumed to be a default
average.
_S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s uses a number of auxiliary programs to do the
real work. The search path it uses to find them includes,
in order, the _s_i_t_e directory for the site in question,
/_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_n_e_w_s/_b_i_n, and /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_n_e_w_s_b_i_n/_b_a_t_c_h. This permits
per-site and per-news-database overrides of the default
behaviors. _S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s provides all these programs with
environment variables NNNNEEEEWWWWSSSSSSSSIIIITTTTEEEE, containing the name of the
site that batches are being prepared for, and NNNNEEEEWWWWSSSSSSSSIIIITTTTEEEEDDDDIIIIRRRR,
containing the full pathname of the _s_i_t_e directory, in case
these are useful in customization.
The names of most of the auxiliary programs, and some other
parameters, are taken from the file
/_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_n_e_w_s/_b_a_t_c_h_p_a_r_m_s, an ASCII text file. Empty lines
and lines starting with `#' are ignored. Other lines
specify the behavior for sites, one line per site. A site
line is six fields, separated by white space. The first
field is the site name; a line whose site name is ////ddddeeeeffffaaaauuuulllltttt////
specifies what parameters should be used for sites not
explicitly mentioned. (The presence or absence of such a
line also influences the behavior of _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s when
invoked without arguments; see above.) The second field is
the size of batches to be prepared (before compression), in
bytes. The third field is the maximum length of the output
queue for transmission to that site. The fourth, fifth, and
sixth fields are the names of the programs to be used to
build, compress, and transmit (respectively) batches to that
site.
For each site being considered for batches, _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s
first determines whether there are in fact any articles to
be batched. Assuming there are, _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s then finds the
_b_a_t_c_h_p_a_r_m_s line for that site and invokes _q_u_e_u_e_l_e_n (see
_n_e_w_s_a_u_x(8)) to find out the size of the outbound queue for
the site. _S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s limits the number of batches prepared
to the minimum of the limits implied by queue lengths and
available space.
_S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s uses _b_a_t_c_h_s_p_l_i_t as necessary to slice chunks out
of the _t_o_g_o file, each chunk containing the _t_o_g_o lines for a
batch limited to the specified size. Exception: a single
Sun Microsystems Last change: 7 Nov 1990 2
NEWSBATCH(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS NEWSBATCH(8)
article bigger than the specified size will still go out as
one batch.
Each chunk is then processed through a batch preparer (typi-
cally _b_a_t_c_h_e_r), which assembles the articles into a batch, a
batch compressor (typically _c_o_m_p_c_u_n), which performs
compression and/or any other auxiliary processing needed,
and a batch transmitter (typically _v_i_a_u_u_x), which sends the
batch on its way (e.g. enqueues it for transmission). The
preparer is run with /_u_s_r/_s_p_o_o_l/_n_e_w_s as the current direc-
tory, so non-absolute pathnames in the chunk are valid
filenames; the others are run in the _s_i_t_e directory for
easier access to site-specific customization files.
Batch preparers in the standard distribution are:
batcher normal batching
batchih _i_h_a_v_e part of old ihave/sendme (not to be con-
fused with NNTP)
batchsm _s_e_n_d_m_e part of ihave/sendme
_B_a_t_c_h_i_h and _b_a_t_c_h_s_m have to map from the phony ``site name''
given in their _b_a_t_c_h_p_a_r_m_s line to the name of the site they
should actually send to; they do this by stripping off the
last `.' and everything that follows (usually `.ihave' or
`.sendme' respectively, but on machines which limit the size
of filenames these may have to be shortened).
Batch compressors in the standard distribution are:
comp ordinary compression
compcun compression plus the silly B-news-compatible
`#! cunbatch' header
nocomp pass data straight through, no compression
compc7 compression plus 7-bit encoding using _c_7_e_n_c_o_d_e
compb compression plus very conservative 6-bit
encoding using _b_e_n_c_o_d_e
Batch transmitters in the standard distribution are:
viauux normal transmission via UUCP
viauuxz like _v_i_a_u_u_x except with ----zzzz option given to
_u_u_x (for old UUCPs where don't-report-
result-on-zero-status is not default)
Sun Microsystems Last change: 7 Nov 1990 3
NEWSBATCH(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS NEWSBATCH(8)
viauuxcun like _v_i_a_u_u_x except it invokes _c_u_n_b_a_t_c_h rather
than _r_n_e_w_s at the other end (for some very
old news sites)
viauuxl multicast transmission using the ----llll option of
_u_u_x (not found on all systems) to send the
same batch to all systems listed in the file
`/usr/lib/news/sites._g_r_o_u_p'
viamail mail the batch to _s_i_t_e!!!!rrrrnnnneeeewwwwssss
viaemail mail the batch to _s_i_t_e!!!!eeeennnneeeewwwwssss
viapmail mail the batch to _s_i_t_e!!!!rrrrnnnneeeewwwwssss, attempting to
protect an unencoded batch against the
vagaries of mailers
viainews feed the batch back to _i_n_e_w_s, ignoring the
_s_i_t_e argument (normally useful only for
ihave/sendme)
viarsh use _r_s_h to run _r_n_e_w_s on the _s_i_t_e via Ether-
net, Internet, etc. (the directory contain-
ing _r_n_e_w_s must be in the default PATH on
_s_i_t_e)
_C_7_e_n_c_o_d_e encodes 8-bit data from standard input into a 7-bit
form optimized for transmission by uucp `f' protocol. The
encoding is complex and bizarre.
_B_e_n_c_o_d_e takes 8-bit data from the named source file (the
default is standard input) and encodes it using only the
ASCII characters ``A'' - ``Z'', ``a'' - ``z'', ``0'' -
``9'', ``+'', and ``-''. The ASCII characters blank, new-
line, and ``/'' also appear in the encoded file, but do not
represent encoded bits. The encoded file is terminated with
a byte count and cyclic redundancy check for detecting cor-
rupted files. This ought to suffice to get data through
almost any network.
_S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s logs some information about sites with backlogs
in /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_n_e_w_s/_b_a_t_c_h_l_o_g (see also _n_e_w_s_d_a_i_l_y(8)). This is
intended to help detection and diagnosis of flow problems.
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/usr/lib/news/LOCKbatch lock for _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s
/usr/lib/news/LOCK overall news lock (used by _b_a_t_c_h_s_p_l_i_t)
/usr/lib/news/L.* lock temporaries
/usr/spool/news/out.going/* batch directories
/usr/lib/news/batchparms parameter file
/usr/lib/news/sites.* _v_i_a_u_u_x_l multicast lists
Sun Microsystems Last change: 7 Nov 1990 4
NEWSBATCH(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS NEWSBATCH(8)
also see text
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
inews(1), compress(1), uux(1), relaynews(8), rnews(8)
DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
Complaints, if any, from _s_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s and its auxiliaries are
mailed to `usenet'.
HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTOOOORRRRYYYY
Written at University of Toronto as part of the C News pro-
ject. A number of the ideas came from Chris Lewis, who was
then with Motorola. _B_e_n_c_o_d_e written at University of Water-
loo by Reg Quinton and Ken Lalonde.
BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
_B_a_t_c_h_s_p_l_i_t does not count the `#! rnews _n_n_n_n' headers inside
batches when computing batch lengths.
Ihave/sendme processing is a bit of a kludge; in particular,
applying _b_a_t_c_h_s_p_l_i_t to a file full of article IDs just hap-
pens to work okay.
_S_e_n_d_b_a_t_c_h_e_s estimates available space without considering
the effects of compression; this is usually too conserva-
tive.
_V_i_a_p_m_a_i_l is obsolescent; _v_i_a_e_m_a_i_l with a batch encoded with
_b_e_n_c_o_d_e is vastly superior.
Queue-length limiting does not work for _v_i_a_u_u_x_l because
_q_u_e_u_e_l_e_n (see _n_e_w_s_a_u_x(8)) does not know about multicast
groups. Also, _v_i_a_u_u_x_l has not been tested well.
_V_i_a_r_s_h does not incorporate a spooling subsystem, so a slow
site stalls the entire batching system and a non-responding
site loses news. It is not recommended for bulk transmis-
sion or where high reliability is essential.
Sun Microsystems Last change: 7 Nov 1990 5