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Stable Implementation
Agreements for Open Systems
Interconnection Protocols:
Part 4 - Transport
Output from the September 1993 Open Systems Environment
Implementors' Workshop (OIW)
SIG Chair: Fred Burg, AT&T
SIG Editor: Brenda Gray
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
Foreword
This part of the Stable Implementation Agreements was prepared by
the Lower Layers Special Interest Group (LLSIG) of the Open
Systems Environment Implementors' Workshop (OIW). See Procedures
Manual for Workshop charter.
Text in this part has been approved by the Plenary of the above-
mentioned Workshop. This part replaces the previously existing
chapter on this subject.
Future changes and additions to this version of these Implementor
Agreements will be published as change pages. Deleted and
replaced text will be shown as strikeout. New and replacement
text will be shown as shaded.
ii
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
Table of Contents
Part 4 - Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.1 CCITT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.2 ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Errata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5 Provision of Connection Mode Transport Service . . . . . 2
5.1 Transport Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.1.1 Transport Class 4 Overview . . . . . . . . 3
5.1.2 Protocol Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.1.2.1 General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.1.2.2 Transport Class 4 Service Access Points or
Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.1.2.3 Retransmission Timer . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.1.2.4 Keep-Alive Function . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.1.2.5 Congestion Avoidance Policies . . . . . . . 8
5.1.2.6 Use of Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2 Transport Class 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.1 Transport Class 0 Overview . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.2 Protocol Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.2.1 General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.2.2 Transport Class 0 Service Access Points . . 11
5.2.3 Rules for Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 Transport Class 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3.1 Transport Class 2 Overview . . . . . . . . 11
5.3.2 Protocol Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6 Provision of Connectionless Transport Service . . . . . . 12
6.1 Connectionless Transport Overview . . . . . . . . . 12
6.2 Protocol Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.2.1 General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.2.2 Connectionless Transport Service Access
Points or Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7 Transport Protocol Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
iii
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
8.1 ISO/IEC 10736 Transport Layer Security Protocol
(TLSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.2 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.3 Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.4 Protocol Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.5 Functional Security Sequence Ordering . . . . . . . 15
iv
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
List of Figures
Figure 1 - AK exchange on idle connection. . . . . . . . . . 8
v
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
List of Tables
Table 1 - Protocol Identification TPDU Values . . . . . . . . 13
vi
Part 4 - Transport
0 Introduction
These agreements support the integration of LANs, packet
networks, and other WANs with the smallest possible set of
mandatory protocol sets, in accordance with the other agreements
already reached. Nothing here shall preclude vendors from
implementing protocol suites in addition to the ones described in
this document.
1 Scope
This part presents agreements for providing the OSI Transport
layer services over both connection mode and connectionless mode
services.
2 Normative References
2.1 CCITT
[1] Recommendation X.214 (Blue Book, 1988), Transport Service
Definition for Open Systems Interconnection for CCITT
Applications.
[2] Recommendation X.224 (Blue Book, 1988), Transport Protocol
Specification for Open Systems Interconnection for CCITT
Applications.
2.2 ISO
[3] ISO 8072, Information processing systems - Open systems
interconnection - Transport service defintion.
[4] ISO 8072 Addendum 1, Information processing systems - Open
systems interconnection - Addendum 1: Transport service
definition - Connectionless-mode transmission.
[5] ISO 8073 Edition 2, Information processing systems - Open
systems interconnection - Connection oriented transport
protocol specification.
[5] ISO/IEC 8073:199x,Edition 3, Information Technology-
Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between
Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Protocol for
Providing the Connection-mode Transport Service,
(SC6N7589 Rev).
1
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
[6] ISO 8073 Addendum 1, Information processing systems - Open
systems interconnection - Connection oriented transport
protocol specification - Addendum 1: Network connection
management subprotocol.
[7] ISO 8073 Addendum 2, Information processing systems - Open
systems interconnection - Connection oriented transport
protocol specification - Addendum 2: Class four operation
over connectionless network service.
[6] ISO 8602, Information processing systems - Open systems
interconnection - Protocol for providing the connectionless-
mode transport service.
[7] ISO/IEC 10736, Information Technology - Telecommunications
and Information Exchange Between Systems -Transport Layer
Security Protocol
3 Status
Completed March 1993.
4 Errata
NOTE - This clause may contain "defect report" and
resolutions material, and the versions of implementor
agreements to which this material applies.
5 Provision of Connection Mode Transport Service
Three connection mode protocol classes have been identified for
implementation. Transport classes 0, 2 and 4 of X.224 (1988)1
have been endorsed for use over CONS. Only Transport Class 4 of
1 Where a CR TPDU proposing Class 2 or 4 is initiated,
Class 0 shall be explicitly indicated as an alternative
class except if there is already one (or several)
transport connection(s) assigned to the network
connection (multiplexing being possible).
2
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
ISO 8073/Add. 2 2 has been endorsed for use over CLNS. The
following class combinations are endorsed for CONS: (0), (0,2) or
(0,2,4).
5.1 Transport Class 4
5.1.1 Transport Class 4 Overview
Transport Class 4 is mandatory for communication between systems
using the OSI CLNS and may also be used for systems using the OSI
CONS (e.g., a private MHS, etc.).
5.1.2 Protocol Agreements
A disconnect request shall be issued in response to a connect
request when the maximum number of Transport connections is
reached or exceeded.
5.1.2.1 General Rules
The rules are as follows:
a) All implementations shall request "use of extended
formats" in the CR TPDU. Implementations shall accept the
"use of extended formats" in the CC TPDU if it was proposed
in the CR TPDU. Implementations shall accept "use of normal
formats" if it was proposed in the CR TPDU;
b) Negotiation of protection is outside the scope of these
agreements. If negotiation of protection is not supported,
receipt of the protection parameters in CR TPDU and CC TPDU
shall be ignored;
c) Implementations shall be capable of proposing and
accepting the non-use of checksums;
NOTE - See clause 8.2 for more information on checksums when
2 In general, references to ISO 8073 in ISO 8073/Add. 2
should be interpreted as applying to X.224 (1988);
however, the reference to Clause 14.6.a in Clause 14 of
ISO 8073/Add. 2 should be interpreted as a reference to
Clause 14.5.a of X.224(1988).
3
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
the Transport Protocol and the Transport Layer Security
Protocol are both implemented.
d) Use of the acknowledgment time parameter is optional. If
an implementation is operating any policy which delays the
transmission of AK TPDUs, the maximum amount of time by
which a single AK TPDU may be delayed shall be indicated to
the peer Transport service provider using the acknowledgment
time parameter. The value transmitted should be expressed in
units of milliseconds and rounded up to the nearest whole
millisecond;
e) QoS negotiation is outside the scope of these
agreements. If QoS negotiation is not supported, receipt of
the parameters "throughput," "residual error rate,"
"priority," and "transit delay" in the CR and CC TPDUs shall
be ignored;
f) It is recommended that implementations not send user
data in the CR TPDU or the CC TPDU. The disposition of any
user data received in a CR TPDU or CC TPDU is implementation
dependent;
g) It is recommended that implementations not send user
data in the DR TPDU. The disposition of any user data
received in a DR TPDU is implementation dependent;
h) An unknown parameter in any received CR TPDU shall be
ignored;
i) A Transport entity shall accept a DR TPDU and a
corresponding DC TPDU with or without a checksum in response
to a CR or CC TPDU;
j) Transmitted DR TPDUs shall carry a disconnect reason
code which pertains to the actual cause of the disconnect. A
DR TPDU may carry a reason code of "0" (unspecified) if an
appropriate reason code is not defined;
k) Known parameters with valid lengths but with invalid
values in a CR TPDU shall be handled as follows:
1) Parameter; 2) Action:
a) TSAP id a) Send DR TPDU
b) TPDU size b) ignore parameter, use
default
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PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
c) Version c) ignore parameter, use
default
d) Checksum d) discard CR TPDU
e) Alternate Protocol Classes e) Protocol
Error
l) Unrecognized or not applicable bits of the Additional
Options parameter shall be ignored.
m) It is recommended that the capability of request
acknowledgments be supported and proposed in CR TPDUs. If
request acknowledgments are supported, then if the
implementation delays acknowledgments it shall:
1) request use of request acknowledgments in the CR
TPDU;
2) accept the use of request acknowledgments in the CC
TPDU if it was proposed in the CR TPDU.
n) It is recommended that implementations send both the
preferred and existing TPDU size parameters in the CR TPDU.
o) It is recommended that inactivity timer values be
exchanged during connection establishment. This may be
mandatory in the future. If the "exchange of inactivity
timers" capability is supported, the implementation shall
send its minimum inactivity timer in the CR TPDU. If a CR
TPDU is received with this timer value and the capability is
supported, the responding CC TPDU shall contain the
inactivity time.
If the Inactivity time is received and the capability is
supported, the following shall be used as an upper bound for W:
IR/N > W N > 2
5.1.2.2 Transport Class 4 Service Access Points or Selectors
If present, the TSAP Id. field in the CR and CC TPDUs shall be
encoded as a variable length field and will be interpreted as an
octet string. The length of the string cannot exceed 32 octets.
5
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
5.1.2.3 Retransmission Timer
It is recommended that the value used for the retransmission
timer be based upon the round-trip delay experienced on a
transport connection. The implementation should maintain, and
continually update, an estimate of the round-trip delay for the
TC. From this estimate, a value for the retransmission timer is
calculated each time it is started. Example techniques for
maintaining the estimate and calculating the retransmission timer
are described below. Example 1 represents a simple retransmission
strategy and example 2 is particularly suitable for networks
subject to high traffic loads.
Example 1
The value of the retransmission timer may be calculated according
to the following formula:
T1 <--- kE + AR.
In this formula, E is the current estimate of the round-trip
delay on the transport connection, AR is the value of the
acknowledgment time parameter received from the remote transport
service provider during connection establishment, and k is some
locally administered factor.
A value for k should be chosen to keep the retransmission timer
sufficiently small such that lost TPDUs will be detected quickly,
but not so small that false alarms are generated causing
unnecessary retransmission.
The value of E may be calculated using an exponentially weighted
average based upon regular sampling of the interval between
transmitting a TPDU and receiving the corresponding
acknowledgment. Samples are taken by recording the time of day
when a TPDU requiring acknowledgment is transmitted and
calculating the difference between this and the time of day when
the corresponding acknowledgment is received. New samples are
incorporated with the existing average according to the following
formula:
E <--- E + (1 - )(S - E).
In this formula, S is the new sample and is a parameter which
can be set to some value between 0 and 1. The value chosen for
determines the relative weighting placed upon the current
estimate and the new sample. A large value of weights the old
estimate more heavily causing it to respond only slowly to
variations in the round-trip delay. A small value weights the new
6
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
sample more heavily causing a quick response to variations. (Note
that setting to 1 will effectively disable the algorithm and
result in a constant value for E, being that of the initial
seed.)
If is set to 1-2-n for some value of n, the update can be
reduced to a subtract and shift as shown below:
E <--- E + 2-n (S - E).
When sampling, if an AK TPDU is received which acknowledges
multiple DT TPDUs, only a single sample should be taken being the
round-trip delay experienced by the most recently transmitted DT
TPDU. This attempts to minimize in the sample any delay caused by
the remote transport service provider withholding AK TPDUs.
Example 2
As network load increases, the variability of round-trip delay
also increases. In environments where load fluctuates widely, it
is therefore useful to estimate the variability of round-trip
delay measurements and use this estimate in the calculation of
retransmission timer values. An estimate of the variability of
round-trip delay measurements can be efficiently calculated as an
exponentially weighted average of the differences between round-
trip delay measurements and the average round-trip delay. This
represents the mean deviation of the round-trip delays, which is
a useful approximation of the standard deviation and can be much
more efficiently computed. The formula is
D <-- D + (1 - a)(|S - E| - D)
where D is the estimate of variability in round-trip delays. S,
E, and a are as defined for the preceding formula. As before the
value of a must be between 0 and 1 and the choice of a value of 1
- 2-N allows for efficient update of the average. The value of a
for the variability estimation, though, does not need to be the
same as that used for the round-trip delay estimate. A smaller
value for a is useful in the variability estimation to cause a
more rapid response to changes in round-trip delays. D can then
be used to calculate retransmission timer values according to the
formula:
T1 <-- E + AR + kD
where T1 is the retransmission timer value, E is the estimated
average round-trip delay, AR is the value of the acknowledgment
timer parameter received from the remote transport service
provider during connection establishment, and k is a locally
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PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
administered factor. Since D approximates the standard deviation
of the round-trip delays, but is greater than or equal to the
standard deviation, round-trip delays within k standard
deviations of the mean would be accounted for by the
retransmission timer value (e.g., k = 2, if round-trip delays
were normally distributed, would account for 95% of the
variability).
Round-trip time measurements based on acknowledgment of any
retransmitted data should not be used to update the round-trip
delay estimate or the estimate of variability. Such measurements
are not reliable since it is ambiguous which transmission of the
data is being acknowledged.
One strategy for handling a retransmission timeout is to
retransmit the PDU and reset the timer with a value that is twice
the previous value. In this case, a new roundtrip delay estimate
and estimate of variability should be calculated only when an
acknowledgment of data is received where none of the acknowledged
data has been retransmitted. This calculation uses the new round-
trip delay measurement and the last estimate before the
retransmission timeout(s).
5.1.2.4 Keep-Alive Function
The Class 4 protocol detects a failed Transport connection by use
of an "inactivity timer." This timer is reset each time a TPDU is
received on a connection. If the timer ever expires, the
connection is terminated.
The Class 4 protocol maintains an idle connection by periodically
transmitting an AK TPDU upon expiration of the "window timer."
Thus, in a simple implementation, the interval of one transport
entity's window timer must be less than that of its peer's
inactivity timer, and vice versa. The following agreements permit
communicating transport entities to maintain an idle connection
without shared information about timer values:
a) In accordance with ISO 8073/X.224, Clause 12.2.3.9.a,
all implementations must respond to the receipt of a
duplicate AK TPDU not containing FCC by transmitting an AK
TPDU containing the "flow control confirmation" parameter;
b) Implementations must always transmit duplicate AK TPDUs
without FCC on expiration of the local window timer (see ISO
8073/X.224, Clause 12.2.3.8.1). Receipt of this TPDU by the
remote Transport entity will cause it to respond with an AK
TPDU containing the "flow control confirmation" parameter.
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PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
When this is received by the local transport entity, it will
reset its inactivity timer. See figure 1;
c) It is a local matter for an implementation to set the
intervals of its timers to appropriate relative values.
Specifically:
1) The window timer must be greater than the
round-trip delay. See 5.1.2.3;
2) The inactivity timer must be greater than two times
the window timer; and should normally be an even
greater multiple if the Transport connection is to be
resilient to the loss of an AK TPDU.
A duplicate AK TPDU (see figure 1) is one which contains the same
values for YR-TU-NR, credit, and subsequence number as the
previous AK TPDU transmitted. A duplicate AK TPDU does not
acknowledge any new data, nor does it change the credit window.
I W
| | | |
| | | |
| ----+---- | duplicate |
| expire | | AK |
| | | |
----+---- | | AK + FCC |
reset | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| ----+---- | duplicate |
| expire | | AK |
| | | |
| | | |
----+---- | | AK + FCC |
reset | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| ----+---- | |
| expire | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Figure 1 - AK exchange on idle connection.
5.1.2.5 Congestion Avoidance Policies
This clause defines both mandatory and optional requirements
relating to avoiding congestion in OSI networks and recovering
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PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
from it when it is experienced. The mandatory requirements
specify a minimum approach to congestion avoidance/recovery which
can be tuned based upon the specific requirements of the network.
The optional requirements specify a dynamic window sizing scheme
which, if implemented, will contribute further to the avoidance
of congestion in the network.
Mandatory Requirements are as follows:
a) A maximum size for the "receive credit window," the
value of which is locally configurable, should be provided.
A "receive credit window" reflects the number of credits
sent by a Transport entity for a Transport connection. The
maximum size of the "receive credit window" shall be
referred to as WR1;
b) A maximum size for the "sending credit window," the
value of which is locally configurable, shall be provided. A
"sending credit window" reflects the number of data TPDUs
that a Transport entity is willing to send on a Transport
connection. The maximum size of the "sending credit window"
shall be referred to as WS1. As specified in ISO 8073, the
"sending credit window" shall also be less than or equal to
the remote "receive credit window" as conveyed in the last
CDT field;
c) It is strongly recommended that an implementation use a
retransmission timer per Transport connection. If, upon
expiration of the retransmission timer, an implementation
allows more than "1" TPDU to be transmitted a means to
locally adjust the maximum number shall be provided;
d) All implementations shall have the capability of
operating without delaying ACKs of data TDPUs received in-
sequence (i.e., AL essentially equals zero). If an
implementation optionally chooses to explicitly delay ACKs,
a means to locally adjust AL shall be provided.
Optional Requirements are as follows:
For systems implementing the dynamic window sizing scheme the
following rules apply as described below:
1. RECEIVING TRANSPORT ENTITY (RTE) RULES:
a) Rule 1 - Initialization of Window:
1) The initial value of WR (known as WR0) shall have a
locally configurable upper bound. This window is sent
10
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
to the sending transport entity (STE) in the next CDT
field transmitted;
a) Rule 2 - Required Sampling Period:
1) All RTEs shall maintain a fixed value for
WR until the next 2WR DT TPDU arrive since
the last CDT field was transmitted by the
RTE;
b) Rule 3 - Required Counting of Received TPDUs
in a Sampling Period:
1) All RTEs shall maintain a count, N, equal
to the total number of TPDUs received and a
count, NC, equal to the total number of TPDUs
received which had the CE Flag set. All types
of TPDUs are included in the counts for N and
NC, not just DT TPDUs;
c) Rule 4 - Required Action upon the end of a
Sampling Period: All RTEs shall take the following
actions at the end of each sampling period:
1) If the count NC is less than 50 percent
of the count N, the RTE shall increase WR by
adding 1 up to a maximum, WR1, (that is based
on the local buffer management policy);
otherwise, it shall decrease WR by
multiplying by 0.875 (a minimum of 1);
2) Reset N and NC to zero;
3) Transmit the new window WR in the next
CDT field sent to the sending transport
entity;
2) SENDING TRANSPORT ENTITY (STE) RULES:
a) Rule 1: Initialization of Window:
1) All STEs shall maintain a sending window
size (WS). Initially and also as long as
there is no loss, WS is set equal to the
receiving window value WR received from the
remote RTE in the last CDT field;
b) Rule 2: Required Action on a Timeout;
11
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
1) All STEs shall reset WS to one when the
retransmissions timer expires and indicates a
lost TPDU. WS now limits the number of DT
TPDUs that may be transmitted or
retransmitted without further
acknowledgments;
c) Rule 3: Required Counting of Acknowledged
TPDU:
1) All STEs shall maintain a count, ACKRCVD
of the number of DT TPDUs acknowledged, by
the RTE, since WS was last adjusted.
Therefore each time WS is adjusted, the count
ACKRCVD shall be reset to zero;
d) Rule 4: Increase Window Policy:
1) All STEs shall increase WS by one each
time ACKRCVD is equal to or greater than the
current value of WS, unless WS exceeds the
window permitted by the remote RTE.
5.1.2.6 Use of Priority
(Refer to the Working Implementation Agreements).
5.2 Transport Class 0
5.2.1 Transport Class 0 Overview
Transport Class 0 over X.25 is mandatory (see X.400) for use in
communicating with public MHS systems operating in accordance
with the CCITT X.400 series recommendations. The purpose of the
agreements concerning Transport Class 0 is to allow connection to
these public services. Transport Class 0 over X.25 can also be
used in communicating between PRMDs (this choice is prevalent
outside North America).
5.2.2 Protocol Agreements
12
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
5.2.2.1 General Rules
Transport Class 0 agreements are as follows:
a) The Error (ER) TPDU may be used at any time and upon
receipt requires that the recipient disconnect the network
connection, and by extension the transport connection;
b) The allowed values for the maximum TPDU size are 128,
256, 512, 1024, and 2048 octets;
c) The Class 0 protocol does not support multiplexing. At
any instant, one Transport connection corresponds to one
Network connection;
d) It is recommended that the optional timers TS1 and TS2,
if implemented, be settable by local system management.
Values in the order of minutes should be supported;
e) An unlimited TSDU length must be supported.
f) It is recommended that implementations send both the
preferred and existing TPDU size parameters in the CR TPDU.
5.2.2.2 Transport Class 0 Service Access Points
For communicating with public MHS systems, section 5 of X.410
specifies the use and format of TSAP identifiers.
5.2.3 Rules for Negotiation
The rules for class negotiation shall be used.
5.3 Transport Class 2
5.3.1 Transport Class 2 Overview
Transport Class 2 is applicable in OSI end systems which provide
the Connection-mode Network Service.
13
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
5.3.2 Protocol Agreements
Transport Class 2 agreements follow:
a) The values of the TS1 and TS2 timers shall be
configurable. The recommended timer values are:
1) TS1: 60 seconds;
2) TS2: 60 seconds;
b) If present, the TSAP-id field in the CR and CC TPDUs
shall be encoded as a variable length field and will be
interpreted as an octet string. The length of the string
cannot exceed 32 octets;
c) The rules for class negotiation shall be used;
d) QoS negotiation is outside the scope of these
agreements. If QoS negotiation is not supported, receipt of
the parameters "throughput," "residual error rate,"
"priority," and "transit delay" in the CR and CC TPDU shall
be ignored.
NOTE - If Class 0 is indicated in the Alternative Protocol
Class field and QoS parameters are conveyed and the
responding end system chooses Class 0, then the QoS
parameters have been ignored by the responding system.
e) It is recommended that implementations send both the
preferred and existing TPDU size parameters in the CR TPDU.
6 Provision of Connectionless Transport Service
ISO 8072/Add. 2 is the Transport Service Definition covering
Connectionless-mode Transmission. ISO 8602 is the Protocol for
providing the Connectionless-Mode Transport Service.
6.1 Connectionless Transport Overview
When providing the connectionless Transport Service, the protocol
shall be implemented as specified in ISO 8602.
14
PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
6.2 Protocol Agreements
6.2.1 General Rules
The connectionless Transport protocol is a relatively simple
protocol providing little opportunity for conflicting
interpretations. A few relevant agreements follow:
a) The optional elements of procedure for use of CLTS over
CONS (i.e., clause 6.3 of ISO 8602) will not be supported;
b) A Unitdata TPDU that is received that contains a
protocol error or an unknown destination TSAP ID shall be
discarded.
6.2.2 Connectionless Transport Service Access Points or
Selectors
The TSAP selector field in the UD TPDU shall be encoded as a
variable length field and will be interpreted as an octet string.
The length of the string cannot exceed 32 octets.
7 Transport Protocol Identification
The absence of Call User Data (CUD) in an X.25/ISO 8208 Call
Request/Incoming Call packet indicates the operation of ISO
8073/CCITT X.224.
Protocol Identification TPDU values applicable to these
agreements are given in table 1. These TPDUs, when used, are
conveyed as N-connect user data.
Table 1 - Protocol Identification TPDU Values
+---------------------+------------------------+
| | |
| TPDU Value | Protocol |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| | |
| 03 01 01 00 * | ISO 8073/Add. 1 |
| (see note 1) | |
| 03 01 02 00 ** | ISO 8602 |
| (see note 2) | |
| | |
| | |
+---------------------+------------------------+
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PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
NOTES
1 Corresponds to an ISO 8073/Add. 1 UN-TPDU and a X.224
Annex B PI-TPDU.
2 Corresponds to an ISO 8073/Add. 1 UN-TPDU.
The following agreements apply:
a) Any additional TPDU, which follows (by concatenation) a
Protocol Identification TPDU shall be ignored if ISO
8073/Add. 1 is not supported;
b) When using ISO 8208, usage of a Protocol Identification
TPDU not corresponding to those listed in table 1 is outside
the scope of these agreements.
8 Security
8.1 ISO/IEC 10736 Transport Layer Security Protocol (TLSP)
ISO/IEC 10736 describes both a connection oriented and
connectionless security protocol that can be used in conjunction
with OSI Transport Layer Protocols (ISO/IEC 8073 and ISO/IEC
8602). Before secure communication can be accomplished, a
security association (in band or out of band) shall have been
established with agreement on all attributes associated with this
association.
Managed objects are not yet specified by this standard and
therefore the security domain/administrative authority shall
determine the procedures and policies that govern this
information with other security information.
All mandatory functions are supported by these implementation
agreements.
8.2 Services
If access control service is selected and the labels mechanism is
used, then integrity shall also be selected.
The Transport (Class 4) initiator shall propose the non-use of
checksums if TLSP is also invoked with connection integrity
selected (as this would be redundant functionality). The
integrity mechanism selected shall be one of the recommended
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PART 4 - TRANSPORT September 1993 (Stable)
algorithms (a signed MD5 or SHA for public key systems or DES MAC
for secret key systems to name just a few) in part 12 (OS
Security) of these agreements or a private algorithm that both
communicating parties have agreed to use.
8.3 Mechanisms
To optimize efficiency and assist in the interoperability of
secure implementations, it is useful to specify which mechanisms
and algorithms apply. This specification shall allow
implementations to know the exact encapsulation format used
including what fields are required, their length, and order. A
set of applicable profiles (mechanisms and algorithms) shall be
specified within the Implementation Agreements to insure this
efficient interoperability.
8.4 Protocol Constraints
Although the standard has the option of all type-length-value
(tlv) fields being in any order, for efficiency, the
encapsulation format depicted in the standard shall be used. If
the tlv fields are not in order, undefined (type field has not
been allocated a value in the TLSP Standard), or the SE TPDU
fails one of the TLSP Security checks, the secure encapsulated
PDU should be discarded. The reporting of this situation is a
local matter. If shared knowledge of this event is required, a
possible technique would be to use the system management to
report the error.
The Security Association-Identification field should be no more
than 20 octets.
8.5 Functional Security Sequence Ordering
If Access control is implemented using labels, the label function
is first applied followed by the integrity function. If
confidentiality has also been selected, then that function is
perfomed after the integrity function.
If integrity and confidentiality have been selected, the
integrity function is performed before the confidentiality
function.
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