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Stable Implementation
Agreements for Open Systems
Interconnection Protocols:
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols
Output from the December 1993 Open Systems Environment
Implementors' Workshop (OIW)
SIG Chair: Kenneth J. Rossen, SHL Systemhouse
SIG Editor: Michael Ransom, NIST
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Foreword
This part of the Stable Implementation Agreements was prepared by
the Directory Services Special Interest Group (DSSIG)of the Open
systems Environment Implementors' Workshop (OIW). See Part 1 -
Workshop Policies and Procedures of the "Draft Working
Implementation Agreements Document" for the charter.
Text in this part has been approved by the Plenary of the above
mentioned Workshop. This part replaces the previously existing
chapter on Directory Services Protocol.
Future changes and additions to this version of these Implementor
Agreements will be published as change pages. Deleted and
replaced text will be shown as strikeout. New and replacement
text will be shown as shaded.
ii
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table of Contents
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . 1
0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Base Edition of the Directory Standard . . 3
2.1.2 Extended Edition of the Directory Standard 4
2.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Use of the Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 Directory ASEs and Application Contexts . . . . . . . . . 6
6 Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1 Support of Structures and Naming Rules . . . . . . . 7
6.2 Support of Object Classes and Subclasses . . . . . . 8
6.3 Support of Attribute Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.4 Support of Attribute Syntaxes . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.5 Naming Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.6 Common Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.6.1 OIW Directory Common Application Directory
Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.6.1.1 Standard Application Specific Attributes
and Attribute Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.6.1.2 Standard Application Specific Object
Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.6.2 OIW Directory Strong Authentication
Directory Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.6.2.1 Other Profiles Supported . . . . . . . . . 10
6.6.2.2 Standard Application Specific Object
Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.7 Restrictions on Object Class Definitions . . . . . . 10
7 Pragmatic Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1 General Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1.1 Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1.2 DSP APDU Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1.3 Service Control (SC) Considerations . . . . 11
7.1.4 Priority Service Control . . . . . . . . . 12
7.2 Constraints on Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.2.1 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
7.2.2 Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2.3 Error Reporting - Detection of Search Loop 14
7.3 Constraints Relevant to Specific Attribute Types . . 14
8 Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.1 DUA Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.2 DSA Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.3 DSA Conformance Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.3.1 Conformance Class 0 - Centralized DSA . . . 17
8.3.2 Conformance Class 1 - Distributed DSA . . . 17
8.4 Authentication Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.5 Directory Service Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5.1 Service Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5.1.1 r: required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5.1.2 n: not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5.2 Protocol Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.5.2.1 M: mandatory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.5.2.2 G: generate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.5.2.3 S: support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.5.2.4 O: optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.6 The Directory Access Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.7 The Directory System Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.8 Digital Signature Protocol Conformance Profile . . . 22
8.9 Strong Authentication Protocol Conformance Profile . 22
8.10 Subtree Specification Classes . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.11 Replication Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.11.1 Shadowing Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.11.2 Minimum Shadowing Requirements . . . . . . 23
8.11.3 Support for Unit of Replication . . . . . . 23
8.12 Recommended Practices for Shadowing . . . . . . . . 25
8.12.1 APDU Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.12.2 Duplicate Shadow Agreements . . . . . . . . 25
8.12.3 Consistency Between Supplier and Consumer
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.12.4 Management of Shadowing Agreements Without
DOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9 Distributed Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.1 Static Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.1.1 Reference Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.1.2 Superior References and Root Contexts . . . 27
9.1.2.1 First-Level DSAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9.1.2.2 Return-Cross-References . . . . . . . . . . 27
9.1.3 Support of Application Contexts . . . . . . 27
9.1.4 DSA-level Security . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9.1.5 Aliases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9.1.6 Authentication for DSA Bind . . . . . . . . 28
9.1.7 Authentication of User Whose Entry Is Held
by Another DSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9.2 Dynamic Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
9.2.1 Detection of Search Loop . . . . . . . . . 28
9.2.2 Generation of Trace Information . . . . . . 28
9.2.3 Integrity of Operation Arguments . . . . . 29
9.2.4 Referrals and Chaining . . . . . . . . . . 29
10 Underlying Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.1 ROSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.2 Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.3 ACSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
11 Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12 Test Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12.1 Major Elements of Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12.2 Search Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
13 Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
13.1 Permanent vs. Temporary Service Errors . . . . . . . 32
13.2 Guidelines for Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . 32
13.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.2.2 Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.2.3 Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.2.4 Error Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.2.5 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
14 Specific Authentication Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
14.1 Specific Strong Authentication Schemes . . . . . . . 35
14.1.1 ElGamal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
14.1.2 One-Way Hash Functions . . . . . . . . . . 35
1 4 . 1 . 2 . 1
SQUARE-MOD-N Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . 36
1 4 . 1 . 2 . 2
MD2 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1 4 . 1 . 2 . 3
Use of One-Way Hash Functions in Forming
Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
14.1.3 ASN.1 for Strong Authentication Algorithms 36
14.2 Protected Simple Authentication . . . . . . . . . . 41
14.3 Simple Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Annex A (normative)
Maintenance of Attribute Syntaxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A.2 General Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A.3 Checking Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A.3.1 distinguishedNameSyntax . . . . . . . . . . 116
A.3.2 integerSyntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
A.3.3 telephoneNumberSyntax . . . . . . . . . . . 116
A.3.4 countryName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
A.3.5 preferredDeliveryMethod . . . . . . . . . . 116
A.3.6 presentationAddress . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
A.4 Matching Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
A.4.1 UTCTimeSyntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
A.4.2 distinguishedNameSyntax . . . . . . . . . . 117
A.4.3 caseIgnoreListSyntax . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Annex B (informative)
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Annex C (informative)
Requirements for Distributed Operations . . . . . . . . . . . 121
C.1 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
C.2 Protocol Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
C.2.1 Usage of ChainingArguments . . . . . . . . 121
C.2.2 Usage of ChainingResults . . . . . . . . . 122
Annex D (informative)
Guidelines for Applications Using the Directory . . . . . . . 123
D.1 Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
D.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
D.1.2 Use of the Directory Schema . . . . . . . . 123
D.1.2.1 Use of Existing Object Classes . . . . . . 123
D.1.2.2 Kinds of Object Classes . . . . . . . . . . 123
D.1.2.3 Use of Unregistered Object Classes . . . . 124
D.1.2.4 Side Effects of Creating Unregistered
Object Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
D.2 Creation of New Object Classes . . . . . . . . . . . 127
D.2.1 Creation of New Subclasses . . . . . . . . 127
D.2.2 Creation of New Attributes . . . . . . . . 128
D.3 DIT Structure Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
D.4 Use of AETITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Annex E (informative)
Template for an Application Specific Profile for Use of the
Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Annex F (informative)
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
vi
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Centralized directory model . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 2 - Distributed directory model . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 3 - Logical DSA application environment . . . . . . . 13
Figure 4 - Three ways of creating two object classes . . . . 126
vii
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
List of Tables
Table 1 - Pragmatic constraints for selected attributes . . . 42
Table 2 - Directory access service support . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 3 - DAP protocol support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 4 - Directory system service support . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 5 - DSP protocol support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 6 - DAP Support for Digital Signature Protocol
Conformance Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 7 - DSP support for digital signature protocol
conformance profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 8 - DAP support for strong authentication protocol
conformance profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 9 - DSP support for strong authentication protocol
conformance profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 10 - Error symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Table 11 - Error situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 12 - Notation used to describe error actions. . . . . . 91
Table 13 - Error actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Table 14 - Simple credential fields and protected simple
authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
viii
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols
0 Introduction
Editor's Note - the text in this Implementation Agreement
will be significantly reorganized in 1993 due to the
alignment and submission by Regional Workshops of
International Standardized Profiles ISO/IEC pdISP 10615 and
10616. The text in tese pdiSPs, in some cases containing
technical changes, will replace substantial segments of the
text in this Agreement. In addition, text addressing the
forthcoming 1993 edition of the Directory Documents,
currently interspersed among sections of this Agreement,
will be moved to a new Agreement appearing in Part 28 of
this document and expanded. Please refer to the aligned
part of the Working Agreements Document for the most recent
results of these realignments.
This is an Implementation Agreement developed by the
Implementor's Workshop sponsored by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology to promote the useful exchange of data
between devices manufactured by different vendors. This agreement
is based on and employs protocols developed in accord with the
OSI Reference Model. While this agreement introduces no new
protocols, it eliminates ambiguities in interpretations.
This is an Implementation Agreement for the OSI Directory based
on the ISO and CCITT documents cited in clause 2 of this
part(hereafter referenced as Directory Documents). Where
technical differences between the ISO and CCITT texts of these
documents exist (e.g., Transport Requirements) the ISO texts are
given precedence.
The Directory User Agents (DUAs) and Directory System Agents
(DSAs) provide access to The Directory on behalf of humans and
applications such as Message Handling and File Transfer, Access,
and Management. See clause 1 for more information on the model
used in the Directory.
This document covers the Directory Access Protocol (DAP), the
Directory System Protocol(DSP), and the Directory Information
Shadowing Protocol (DISP) defined in the Directory Documents. A
good working knowledge of the Directory Documents is assumed by
this chapter. All terminology and abbreviations used but not
defined in this text may be found in those documents.
1
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
1 Scope
Centralized and distributed directories can both be accommodated
in this Agreement by the appropriate choice of protocols and
pragmatic constraints from those specified. Figure 1 illustrates
a centralized directory and figure 2 illustrates a distributed
directory.
This agreement does not cover interaction between co-located
entities, such as a co-resident DUA and DSA. It also does not
specify the interface between a user (person or application) and
a DUA.Bilateral agreements between a DUA and DSA or DSA and DSA
may be implemented in addition to the requirements stated in this
document. Conformance to this agreement requires the ability to
interact without the use of bilateral agreements other than those
required in the Directory Documents.
The logical structure of the Directory Information Base (DIB) is
described in the Directory Documents. The manner in which a local
portion of the DIB is organized and accessed by its DSA is not in
the scope of this agreement.
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| The Directory |
| +------------+ |
| +----------+ +----------+ | | |
| | USER |<---->| DUA |<--------- ->| | |
| +----------+ +----------+ | | |
| | DSA | |
| +----------+ +----------+ | | |
| | USER |<---->| DUA |<--------- ->| | |
| +----------+ +----------+ +------------+ |
| |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1 - Centralized directory model
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------+ |
| | User | |
| +---+----+ |
| +---+----+ |
| | DUA | |
| +---+----+ |
| | |
| |
| +------+ +------+ The Directory| |
| | User +-+ DUA | +---+----+ |
| +------+ +------+ | DSA | |
| +--------+ |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | DSA | | DSA | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| +------+ +------+ +--------+ +-----+ +------+|
| | User +-+ DUA | | DSA | | DUA +-+ User ||
| +------+ +------+ +--------+ +-----+ +------+|
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2 - Distributed directory model
2 References
2.1 Normative References
2.1.1 Base Edition of the Directory Standard
ISO/IEC 9594-1:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 1: Overview of Concepts,
Models, and Services.
ISO/IEC 9594-2:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 2: Models.
ISO/IEC 9594-3:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 3: Abstract Service
Definition.
ISO/IEC 9594-4:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 4: Procedures for
Distributed Operation.
ISO/IEC 9594-5:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
3
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 5: Protocol
Specifications.
ISO/IEC 9594-6:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 6: Selected Attribute
Types.
ISO/IEC 9594-7:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 7: Selected Object
Classes.
ISO/IEC 9594-8:1990(E),Information Technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory - Part 8: Authentication
Framework.
CCITT Recommendation X.500:1988,The Directory - Overview of
concepts, Models and Services.
CCITT Recommendation X.501:1988,The Directory - Models.
CCITT Recommendation X.509:1988,The Directory - Authentication
Framework.
CCITT Recommendation X.511:1988,The Directory - Abstract Service
Definition.
CCITT Recommendation X.518:1988,The Directory - Procedures for
Distributed Operations.
CCITT Recommendation X.519:1988,The Directory - Protocol
Specifications.
CCITT Recommendation X.520:1988,The Directory - Selected
Attribute Types.
CCITT Recommendation X.521:1988,The Directory - Selected Object
Classes.
2.1.2 Extended Edition of the Directory Standard
The following references represent a forthcoming edition of the
OSI Directory standard. Alignment to that edition within these
agreements is only where explicitly indicated within particular
subclauses.
ISO/IEC 9594-1 / DAM-1.2 for Replication, Schema, and Access
Control.
ISO/IEC 9594-2 / DAM-1.3 for Access Control.
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
ISO/IEC 9594-2 / DAM-2.2 for Schema.
ISO/IEC 9594-2 / DAM-3.2 for Replication.
ISO/IEC 9594-3 / DAM-1.3 for Access Control.
ISO/IEC 9594-3 / DAM-2.2 for Replication, Schema, and Enhanced
Search.
ISO/IEC 9594-4 / DAM-1.3 for Access Control.
ISO/IEC 9594-4 / DAM-2.2 for Replication, Schema, and Enhanced
Search.
ISO/IEC 9594-5 / DAM-1.2 for Replication.
ISO/IEC 9594-6 / DAM-1.2 for Schema.
ISO/IEC 9594-7 / DAM-1.2 for Schema.
ISO/IEC 9594-8 / DAM-1.2 for Access Control.
ISO/IEC 9594-9 / DIS for Replication.
2.2 Informative References
Directory Implementors' Guide, Version 5, July 1991 7, November
1992.
3 Status
This version was completed in December 1992.
4 Use of the Directory
Given the rapid multiplication and expansion of OSI applications,
telecommunication systems and services, there is growing need for
users of OSI applications, as well as the applications
themselves, to communicate with each other. In order to
facilitate their communications, a Directory protocol, as
referenced in these agreements, has been tailored to meet their
respective needs.
In one instance, The Directory will be used as a service to
provide humans, in an on-line fashion, rapid and easy retrieval
of information useful for determining what telecommunications
services are available, and/or how to access, and address their
5
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
correspondents. Further, service providers offering such a Public
Directory may also use this service internally with other various
telecommunications services (e.g., MHS) for the proper addressing
of calls or messages. Likewise, this does not preclude the usage
of these agreements to similarly generate a privately operated
Directory that supports both human and application information
exchanges.
In another instance, The Directory, will be used as a service by
computer applications without direct human involvement. One
important service is to provide Presentation Address resolution
for named objects, on behalf of OSI applications. The Directory
may be used by applications to search for objects (i.e.,
Application Entities), without direct human involvement, by the
use of the "search" or "list" operations.
To support the many possible usages, The Directory is a general
purpose system. It is capable of storing data of many different
forms as attributes within entries, and is also capable of
supporting simple or complex hierarchical structures, with
variations in structure possibly occurring between one part of
The Directory and another.
Compliant DSA implementations should safeguard this generality,
where possible, by placing the minimum of restrictions in
"hard-wired" form.
5 Directory ASEs and Application Contexts
This clause highlights the ASEs (Application Service Elements)
and Application Contexts defined in the Directory Documents and
of concern in these Agreements. The functionality of the
Directory AEs (DUAs and DSAs) is defined by a set of ASEs, each
Directory ASE specifying a set of Directory operations.
The interaction between these AEs is described in terms of their
use of ASEs. This specific combination of a set of ASEs and the
rules for their usage defines an application context.
The following ASEs are described in the Directory Documents:
a) Read ASE f) Chained Modify ASE
b) Chained ASE g) Operational Binding
Management ASE
c) Search ASE h) Shadow Supplier ASE
d) Chained Search i) Shadow Consumer ASE
ASE
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
e) Modify ASE
ROSE and ACSE also form part of the Directory Application
Contexts.
The following Application Contexts (ACs) are described in the
Directory Document:
a) Directory Access Application e) Shadow Consumer
AC Initiated AC
b) Directory System AC f) Reliable Shadow Supplier
Initated AC
c) Directory Operational g) Reliable Shadow Consumer
Binding Management AC Initated AC
d) Shadow Supplier Initiated AC
6 Schema
There are seven (7) major topics that relate to schema.
6.1 Support of Structures and Naming Rules
DSAs shall be capable of supporting (subject to refinements laid
down in these Agreements) the structure and naming rules defined
in the Directory Documents, Part 7, Annex B.
Part 7, Annex B of the Directory Documents provides a framework
for the basic use of the Directory in terms of the objects
defined in Part 7. It does not, however, form part of the
standard and,in any case, permits structures and practices which
may be undesirable.The guidelines below provide tighter control
within the Annex B framework.
It is recommended that only an entry subordinate to Root or
Country may use a StateOrProvinceName AVA
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
as an RDN.
6.2 Support of Object Classes and Subclasses
The DSAs shall be able to support all superclasses of the
supported object classes (e.g., Top, Person).
Use of an object class in this profile or the standard (or a
subclass derived from one or more of these object classes)is
recommended wherever the semantics are appropriate for the
application.The derivation of a new object class as an immediate
subclass of Top should be avoided. For example, to represent
printers in the Directory, one can derive a subclass of Device.
An entry of a particular object class may contain any optional
attribute listed for it in the Directory Documents; a conformant
DSA shall be able to support all these optional attributes.
In addition, a DSA may permit any locally registered attribute,
or a subset of these, by providing the local extension facilities
permitted by unregistered object classes (viz. Directory
Documents, Part 2, clause 9.4.1 (a) and Note).
6.3 Support of Attribute Types
DSAs shall be able to support the storage and use of attribute
type information, as defined in the Directory Documents, Part 6,
including their use in naming and access to entries; they shall
also support the definition of new attribute types, making use of
pre-existing attribute syntaxes.
DSAs shall support the encoding, decoding, and matching of all
the attributes in the Naming Prefixes of every naming context
they hold (ref Directory Documents, Part 4, clause 9). These
attributes may include attributes that are not permitted to
appear in entries in those naming contexts.
6.4 Support of Attribute Syntaxes
Suggested methods for the interpretation of selected Attribute
Syntaxes are defined in annex A.
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
6.5 Naming Contexts
The root of a naming context shall not be an alias entry.
6.6 Common Profiles
This subclause identifies profiles that are commonly useful for
various applications while an application-specific profile(s) is
identified by the application.
6.6.1 OIW Directory Common Application Directory Profile
6.6.1.1 Standard Application Specific Attributes and Attribute
Sets
The attributes and attribute sets in the Directory Document, Part
6, associated with the object classes listed below are required.
6.6.1.2 Standard Application Specific Object Classes
DSAs shall be able to support storage and use of the object
classes below, as defined in the Directory Documents, Part 7, and
these object classes are expected to be useful for a range of
applications.
The following object classes are mandated by the standard:
a) Top;
b) DSA;
c) Alias.
The following object classes are expected to be generally useful
in the creation of the upper portion of the DIT:
a) Country;
b) Locality;
c) Application Process;
d) Organization;
e) OrganizationalUnit.
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The following object classes are expected to be generally useful
in the creation of DIT leaf entries:
a) Alias;
b) ApplicationProcess;
c) ApplicationEntity;
d) DSA;
e) Device;
f) Group of Names;
g) OrganizationalPerson;
h) OrganizationalRole;
i) ResidentialPerson.
6.6.2 OIW Directory Strong Authentication Directory Profile
6.6.2.1 Other Profiles Supported
This profile is used in conjunction with the OIW Directory Common
Application Directory Profile.
6.6.2.2 Standard Application Specific Object Classes
The following object classes are expected to be generally useful
for applications to support strong authentication:
a) Strong Authentication User;
b) Certification Authority.
6.7 Restrictions on Object Class Definitions
An object class may not be defined as a subclass of itself, as
the chain of superclasses of such an object class would be a
closed loop, isolated from all other object classes, specifically
Top. Such isolation is clearly illegal.
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7 Pragmatic Constraints
This clause describes pragmatic constraints to which a conformant
implementation shall adhere in addition to those specified in the
Directory Documents. The pragmatic constraints can be divided
into two major areas. The first includes those aspects of
pragmatic constraints which apply to scope of service (see 7.1
and 7.2). The second includes those aspects of pragmatic
constraints which are specific to particular attribute types (see
7.3).
7.1 General Constraints
7.1.1 Character Sets
It is a requirement to support all character sets and other name
forms defined in the Directory Documents, Part 6. Those character
sets include:
a) T.61;
b) PrintableString;
c) NumericString.
7.1.2 DSP APDU Size
In the process of chaining requests it is possible that a
chaining DSA may receive, invoke or return APDUs that exceed its
capacity. It is a minimum requirement that invoke APDUs and
return result APDUs shall be accepted unless they exceed 2**18 -
1 (i.e., 262,143) octets in size;in this case they may be
discarded and an "unwillingToPerform" error reporting service
shall be used.
7.1.3 Service Control (SC) Considerations
This agreement recognizes that DUAs may automatically supply
defaults for any SC parameter. The choice of default values
selected (if any) is seen to be a matter of local policy and
consumer needs.
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7.1.4 Priority Service Control
Priority is specified as a service control argument in the
Directory Documents. The following statements represent a
clarification of the semantics that may be used by a DSA in
interpreting and operating on this parameter.
The logical model in figure 3 may be considered as an example by
DSAs that implement this Service Control. In figure 3, note
that:
a) the DSA maintains three logical queues corresponding to
the three priority levels;
b) the DSA Scheduler is separate and distinct from any
scheduling function provided by the underlying operating
system or control program services;
c) the DSA Scheduler presents jobs to the Underlying
Operating Services for execution and always presents jobs of
a higher priority before those of a lower priority;
d) the DSA Scheduler will not preempt a request once it
has been passed to the underlying
operating system service.
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+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| +-------------+
|
| +--------------+ | |
|
| +--->| High +----> | \/
|
| | +--------------+ |
+--------------+ |
| | +--------------+ | | DSA
| |
| +--->| Medium +----> | | Scheduler
| |
| | +--------------+ |
+------+-------+ |
| | +--------------+ | |
|
| +--->| Low +----> | \/
|
| | +--------------+ |
+--------------+ |
| +---+----------------+ | Underlying
OS| |
| | Underlying | | Services
| |
| | Protocol Services |
+--------------+ |
| +--------------------+
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3 - Logical DSA application environment
7.2 Constraints on Operations
There are no overall constraints upon service arguments or
results except those implied in 7.1.2 of this document.
7.2.1 Filters
It is required that DSAs, at a minimum, support 8 nested "Filter"
parameters, and a total limit of 32 Filter Items.If these limits
are exceeded, the recipient of that Search Argument may return
the Service Problem "unwillingToPerform."
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7.2.2 Errors
There are no constraints upon any Error service except the APDU
size limit as defined in 7.1.2.
7.2.3 Error Reporting - Detection of Search Loop
A search operation may encounter a looping situation when the
search encompasses "whole-subtree," and an alias is encountered
which is a superior to some other subtree that has been
encountered during the search.
DSAs should be able to detect this situation. One possible method
is by:
a) Maintaining a list of the base objects of searches
initiated as a consequence of Step 5 of Part 4, clause
18.7.2.2.1 of the Directory Documents (this may require an
analysis of the TraceInformation field);
b) Determining whether a new base object is superior to any
base object on this list.
A new base object which would cause a loop in this way should be
discarded (i.e., should not cause a new search), but no error
should be reported by an error-reporting service. The
circumstances should be logged so that it may be reported to an
appropriate Administrative Authority for rectification.
7.3 Constraints Relevant to Specific Attribute Types
Table 1 gives pragmatic constraints associated with selected
attribute types specified in the Directory Documents; many of
these constraints also appear and are the same in the CCITT
version of the Directory Documents. Each constraint in table 1 is
given in terms of a length constraint. The length constraint for
a given attribute value is the number of units which a sending
entity shall not exceed and which a receiving entity shall accept
and process. A sending entity need not be capable of sending
attribute values as large as the length constraints.
Note that in table 1 the length constraint for strings is
expressed as the number of allowable characters.
In addition to the constraints given in table 1, the following
constraints apply to alphabets and integer values:
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a) Alphabets: T.61 Strings used as attribute values shall
only encode graphic characters and spaces. They shall not
contain formatting characters (such as subscript) or other
control characters;
b) Integer Values: DSAs shall be required to "pass through"
encoded integer attribute values of arbitrary length (e.g.,
when chaining a Directory operation). No Directory component
(i.e., DUA or DSA) shall be deemed non-conformant if it
encodes integer attribute values of arbitrary length.
Components of the Directory are required to support (for storage
and processing), as a minimum, integer attribute values encoded
in 4 octets.
8 Conformance
The following subclauses will describe various aspects of
Directory conformance. It should be noted that conformance to the
various ASEs and conformance to the Authentication Framework are
viewed as separate issues and are presented in that context.
8.1 DUA Conformance
Conformance requirements for DUAs are adequately specified in the
Directory Documents, Part 5, clause 9.1 and the Directory Access
Profile (see 8.6). It should be noted that the DUA conformance is
based on DAP Protocol and not the User Interface. Not all options
available in the standard need to be made available to the user
of the DUA.
It is recognized that DUAs will be widely differing in nature:
a) Some are intended to support human users, some
application users;
b) Particular DUAs may not support particular operations
because the application that they support has no
requirement; others will be general purpose, and will
support all operations;
c) Some DUAs will have a fixed view of the Directory
content and structure, reflecting the usage of The Directory
by a particular application; others will have a more
flexible view which can be adapted to new usages;
d) Some DUAs will provide automatic referral services with
automatic establishment and release of associations; others
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will place the burden on the user;
e) Some DUAs will provide a variety of authentication
means; others will support no authentication;
f) Some DUAs will handle operations synchronously; others
will have the capability of maintaining several identifiable
dialogues with The Directory at one time.
In the next subclause, different types of DSAs are discussed. The
DUA is independent of the type of DSA it is communicating with
and does not need to know what type of DSA it is communicating
with.
8.2 DSA Conformance
Basic conformance requirements for a DSA are defined in the
Directory Documents, Part 5, clause 9.2. Some of the terms used
to describe DSA conformance are summarized below:
a) Centralized: A centralized DSA is defined as one that
contains its entire relevant DIT; it follows that it will
not make use of the DSP or generate referral responses.
Since this model only contains a single DSA it is not
subject to DSA interworking issues and will always provide a
consistent level of service and results. A centralized DSA
shall be fully "protocol" conformant to the DAP;
b) Cooperating: In a distributed directory, responsibility
for various portions of the DIT may be "distributed" among
multiple DSAs. On a per operation basis we define a DSA to
be holding when it is responsible for the fragment of the
DIB in which a given entry will appear if it exists; we
define a DSA to be propagating when it is unable to complete
the name resolution process.
All DSAs shall be capable of acting as a holder and a propagator.
8.3 DSA Conformance Classes
A DSA implementation shall satisfy the conformance requirements
as defined in the Directory Documents, Part 5, subclause 9.2,and
shall support the "Versions" argument of "Bind."
Per the conformance clause of the Directory Documents, a DSA
shall conform to the abstract syntax of the attribute types for
which conformance is claimed. These attribute types shall include
those required by 6.3 of this Implementor's Agreement.
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Additionally, an implementation conformant to these agreements
shall state which of the following conformance classes it
implements:
8.3.1 Conformance Class 0 - Centralized DSA
A DSA conformant to this class only supports the
DirectoryAccessAC.
As the performance of Search and List operations can consume
significant resources, the policies of some centralized DSAs may
be such that these operations will not be performed. For these
cases, the reply to requests for such operations would be a
Service Error with the "unwillingToPerform" Service Problem.
8.3.2 Conformance Class 1 - Distributed DSA
A DSA implementation conformant to this class shall implement all
the operations in the ASEs that are part of the Application
context for which it claims conformance. It shall support the
DirectoryAccessAC and it may optionally support the
DirectorySystemAC.
DSAs conformant to these Agreements shall support the OIW
Directory Common Application Directory Profile. In addition, DSAs
may optionally conform to the OIW Directory Strong Authentication
Directory Profile. Future versions of these Agreements may allow
additional possibilities for minimal profile conformance.
8.4 Authentication Conformance
A Directory System may choose to implement various levels of
authentication (Directory Documents, Part 8). We define the
following levels of authentication in the DS:
a) No authentication at all; (None);
b) Simple Uncorroborated: identification without
verification;
c) Simple Uncorroborated authentication with verification:
verified identification without a password;
d) Simple Corroborated authentication: verified
identification with a password; intended to make
masquerading difficult;
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e) Strong authentication: identification with verification
using cryptographic techniques intended to make
masquerading, in practical terms, nearly impossible.
The "Authentication Framework" document describes the specific
goal of each authentication level; listed below are several
practical uses of the various levels.1
Simple Uncorroborated authentication may be desired to
maintain access statistics or in a private network where the
initiator is implicitly trusted and there is no need to
incur the additional overhead of more sophisticated
authentication methods.
Simple Corroborated authentication may be necessary in
situations where strong authentication is not practical,
(i.e., international connection, no knowledge of algorithms
in use, etc.).
Strong authentication will be required for secure
environments.
A DSA that implements Simple Corroborated authentication will
check the user password by means of a compare operation on the
user's entry. If no user password is supplied (Simple
Uncorroborated authentication) the DSA will validate the presence
of the entry for the user, by a read operation or otherwise. The
authentication will fail if the password is incorrect or if the
user's entry does not exist.
A DSA that implements Simple Uncorroborated authentication
without verification will accept simple credentials without
validating them.
Implementations claiming conformance shall, as a minimum,
implement None and Simple Uncorroborated authentication without
verification.
1It is the case that some DSAs containing public information
may not require authentication.
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8.5 Directory Service Conformance
The following subclauses will describe various aspects of
Directory conformance. Conformance to the Authentication
Framework is viewed as a separate issue from conformance to the
rest of the Directory document and is presented in that context.
Directory Profiles are broken into two subclauses. Service
support specifies the level of support for operations and errors.
Protocol support specifies the protocol elements required for
implementations which claim conformance to specified operations.
8.5.1 Service Conformance
To specify the support for operations and errors, two
classifications are used as follows.
8.5.1.1 r: required
The operation shall be implemented and the respective error shall
be handled for conformance to these agreements.
For DUAs, required means:
a) or ARGUMENT parameters, create the DAP protocol elements
to convey the service request to the DSA;
b) for RESULT and ERROR parameters, accept the DAP protocol
elements.
For DSAs, required means:
a) for ARGUMENT parameters, accept the protocol elements
when received and create the protocol elements when acting
as a requesting DSA;
b) for RESULT and ERROR parameters, be able to convey all
possible results when responding in either the DAP or DSP
protocols and when receiving results, perform additional
processing as defined for cooperating DSAs.
8.5.1.2 n: not required
It is left to implementations as to whether the operation or
error is implemented or not.
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8.5.2 Protocol Conformance
To specify the support for protocol elements, four
classifications are used as follows.
8.5.2.1 M: mandatory
Generation of element is a mandatory static conformance
requirement (i.e., a conformant implementation shall be capable
of generating the element).
Generation of element is a mandatory dynamic conformance
requirement (i.e., the element shall be present in all instances
of communication which use the element).
The terms static conformance and dynamic conformance are defined
in ISO 9646-1, "OSI Conformance Testing Methodology and
Framework, Part 1: General Concepts."
8.5.2.2 G: generate
Generation of element is a mandatory static conformance
requirement.
Generation of element is a conditional dynamic conformance
requirement; the condition is:
Where a DSA is a propagating DSA, it shall be capable of
generating the protocol element as received in related APDUs
received from other DSAs. Where the DSA is a holding DSA, it
shall be capable of creating all possible values of a protocol
element unless otherwise noted in the "comments" line.
8.5.2.3 S: support
When receiving protocol elements, implementations of these
agreements shall be capable of accepting these elements without
error. Actions specified in the Directory documents and in these
agreements shall be taken.
8.5.2.4 O: optional
When generating protocol elements:
a) Generation of element is an optional static conformance
requirement. If the implementor claims support for the
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corresponding Directory capability, then the implementation
shall be capable of generating the element;
b) Generation of element is an optional dynamic conformance
requirement. If the implementor claims support for the
corresponding Directory capability, then the element shall
be present in instances of communication which use the
element (except where defaults allow otherwise).
When receiving protocol elements, implementations of these
agreements shall be capable of accepting these elements without
error. However, actions specified in the base standard and in
these agreements may be taken but are not required.
Where protocol elements are nested, the classification of the
nested protocol elements is of relevance only when the
immediately containing protocol element is generated. The
classification of the protocol elements at the highest level is
relative with respect to support of the operation.
Also note that in table 3, some rows contain two support
classifications in the DSA column. In such cases, the support
classification in parentheses applies to centralized DSA's only.
When there is only one support classification given, it applies
equally to centralized and non-centralized DSA's.
8.6 The Directory Access Profile
This agreement requires implementations of the DUA to provide
access to the Directory Services as defined in the DUA column in
table 2. For the services in table 2 which are supported, these
agreements further require DUAs to support the protocol elements
as defined in the DUA column in table 3 (parts 1 - 7).
These agreements require implementations of the DSA to support
the Directory Services as defined in the DSA column in table 2.
These agreements further require DSAs to support the protocol
elements as defined in the DSA column in table 3. Table 3 is
listed in seven parts. Note that the requirements for a
centralized DSA and a cooperating DSA are different.
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8.7 The Directory System Profile
These agreements require implementations of distributed DSAs
which provide DSP to support the responder role for services as
defined in table 4. Further, these agreements require DSAs to
support the protocol elements as specified in table 5. Table 5 is
listed in nine parts.
DSAs are required to support the requestor role for all the
services as defined in table 4 if conforming to the chained mode
of interaction.
8.8 Digital Signature Protocol Conformance Profile
Table 6 and table 7 provide information on the digital signature
protocol conformance profile.
Note that elements in CommonArguments and CommonResults
SecurityParameters that are not specified in table 6 and table 7
are covered in the Directory Service Protocol Support (table 5)
and Directory Access Protocol Support (table 3).
8.9 Strong Authentication Protocol Conformance Profile
Table 8 and table 9 provide information on the strong
authentication protocol conformance profile.
8.10 Subtree Specification Classes
NOTE - This subclause contains agreements on the forthcoming
edition of the OSI Directory standard, and is based on the
DAM/DIS Directory documents referenced in 2.1 of these
agreements.
This profile defines three classes of refinement that may occur
in subtree specifications. These classes may be used in
describing units of replication for use by DISP or in describing
DACDs for use by Basic Access Control:
Class 0 (Complete Subtree): A subtree definition in which
only the base component is specified;
Class 1 (Chop Subtree): A subtree definition in which
only the base and chop components are specified;
Class 2 (Refined Subtree): A subtree definition in which
the base, chop, and specification-filter components are
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specified.
8.11 Replication Conformance
NOTE - This subclause contains agreements on the forthcoming
edition of the OSI Directory standard, and is based on the
DAM/DIS Directory Documents referenced in 2.1 of these
agreements.
A DSA implementing DISP shall conform to the basic conformance
requirements for a DSA as defined in the Directory Documents,
part 5, clause 9.2. However, it is not required for such a DSA
to be either centralized or distributed as defined by 8.3 of this
implementation agreement.
8.11.1 Shadowing Roles
All DSAs implementing DISP shall be capable of acting both as a
shadow supplier and as a shadow consumer as defined in the
Directory Documents, part 9, clause 3, and as such shall meet
conformance requirements stated in part 5, 9.3 and 9.4.
8.11.2 Minimum Shadowing Requirements
Additionally, conformance to this profile requires a minimum as
listed below:
a) support for both the directoryShadowConsumerAC
application context and the directoryShadowSupplierAC
application context;
b) support for an updateMode whose mode choice includes a
specification of schedulingParameters;
c) support for schedulingParameters specifications which
specify a periodic strategy.
8.11.3 Support for Unit of Replication
This profile defines three classes regarding the level of
refinement to be supported by a DSA in the definition of a unit
of replication. The provider of a conforming implementation
shall state which of the following Unit of Replication
Conformance Classes the implementation supports:
a) Class 0 (Basic UnitOfReplication): A DSA conforming to
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this class shall be capable of shadowing a Unit of
Replication with the following characteristics:
1) the area includes a class 0 subtree as defined in
8.10 of these agreements;
2) the area includes a specified knowledgeType (e.g.,
master, copy, or both).
b) Class 1 (Intermediate UnitOfReplication): A DSA
conforming to this class shall fully support the Basic
UnitOfReplication and, in addition, shall be capable of
shadowing a unit of replication with the following
characteristics:
1) the area includes a class 1 subtree as defined in
8.10 of these agreements;
2) the knowledge includes the extendedKnowledge
element with value TRUE.
c) Class 2 - (Maximal UnitOfReplication): a DSA conforming
to this class shall fully support the Intermediate
UnitofReplication and, in addition, shall be capable of
shadowing a unit of replication whose specification uses
AttributeSelection (including selection on class).
Furthermore, a DSA conforming to this class shall be capable
of supporting overlapping replicated areas as described in
the Directory Documents, part 9, 9.2.5.
NOTES
1 No replication conformance class requires (nor precludes)
support for a class 2 subtree specification.
2 Filtering using a specification-filter in the definition
of a subtree allows filtering on class when specifying which
entries are to be part of the subtree.
3 AttributeSelection is used in shadowing to determine
which attributes of the entries in a subtree will be
shadowed. ClassAttributeSelection allows choosing specific
attributes or all attributes in an class. A list of classes
for shadowing can be devised using a sequence of class and
classAttributes.
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8.12 Recommended Practices for Shadowing
NOTE - This subclause contains agreements on the forthcoming
edition of the OSI Directory standard, and is based on the
DAM/DIS Directory Documents referenced in 2.1 of these
agreements.
8.12.1 APDU Size
In shadowing, updates for an entire Unit of Replication are
carred in one APDU. Since the size of such an APDU is
application-specific, no pragmatic constraint has been specified
in the Directory Documents or Implementation Agreements.
Some examples of APDU size implementors can expect would be
useful. For instance, an entry size of 2000 octets and a Unit of
Replication consisting of 2000 entries would result in a APDU of
4 Megabytes. It is recommended that DSA implementations be
capable of supporting an APDU of at least this size. This
example does not reflect entries which include large attributes,
such as photographic images.
8.12.2 Duplicate Shadow Agreements
Administrators should not allow duplicate shadow agreements
between DSAs. Duplicate shadow agreements are those which
include the same consumer, supplier, and Unit of Replication.
8.12.3 Consistency Between Supplier and Consumer Information
After an updateShadow operation, the standard does not guarantee
consistency between the resulting shadowed information in the
consumer DSA and the information in the replicated area in the
supplier DSA, since changes may be made during assembly of the
APDU containing the shadowed information.
If consistency between the supplier and consumer information is
required, the contents of the replicated area in the supplier DSA
must not be modified while the APDU is being assembled.
However, the shadowed information must be internally consistent.
For example, while the shadowed information is being assembled,
changing a distinguished name within the replicated area could
lead to internal inconsistency.
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8.12.4 Management of Shadowing Agreements Without DOP
F o r D S A s n o t s u p p o r t i n g t h e
directoryOperationalBindingManagementAC as defined in the
Directory Documents, part 5, management of shadowing agreements
is by out-of-band means. The results of procedures followed by
such DSAs must be the same as if the DSAs had managed the same
agreements using the procedure for operational binding management
outlined in 8.2 of the Directory Documents, part 9.
For example, when shadowing DSAs arrange to modify the parameters
of an existing shadowing agreement, they must revise the
AgreementID so that its version component is incremented.
9 Distributed Operations
9.1 Static Requirements
9.1.1 Reference Types
This Functional Standard requires conforming implementations to
be able to hold and use reference types as summarised below (and
clarified in 9.1.2):
REFERENCE TYPES HOLDING AND NOTES
USING CAPABILITY
Superior see note Non-first-level
DSAs shall
hold precisely one
single
superior
reference. A
First-Level DSA
does not
hold any superior
reference
Subordinate Mandatory
Non-specific Optional
Subordinate
Cross-reference Mandatory
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9.1.2 Superior References and Root Contexts
9.1.2.1 First-Level DSAs
A DSA conformant to this Functional Standard acting as a first
level DSA shall be able to hold and use the root context and, in
addition, shall hold as master (i.e., have administrative
authority for) at least one naming context immediately
subordinate to the root of the DIT. A DSA conforming to this
Functional Standard is not, however, required to have the
capability of being a first level DSA.
NOTE - The root context never contains any non-specific
subordinate references and first level DSAs should not hold
such references in respect of the root context to avod
circular references.
9.1.2.2 Return-Cross-References
The support of the "return-cross-references" facility, either as
requester or as supplier, as defined in the Directory Documents,
clause 10.4., is optional.
9.1.3 Support of Application Contexts
All DSAs compliant with this Functional Standard shall support
the DirectoryAccessAC or DirectorySystemAC or both.
If a DSA supports DirectorySystemAC, then it must be able to
accept a chained request and must be able to generate a referral.
The generation of chained requests is optional. See Table 4.
Editor's Note - Table 4, referenced in the above paragraph,
is located in the current stable agreements.
9.1.4 DSA-level Security
As a consequence of security policy, a DSA may:
a) refuse associations from any or particular DSAs;
b) refuse invokes on existing associations in which case a
SecurityError or ServiceError is returned.
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9.1.5 Aliases
DSAs shall be able to carry out name resolution and search
continuation for an alias whose dereference points to an entry
held outside the DSA (as well as those held inside the DSA).
9.1.6 Authentication for DSA Bind
In the case of simple authentication, if any of the DSAs listed
in the trace information is untrusted, the originating user
identified by the originator field in the chaining argument
should be treated as unauthenticated.
Editor's Note - Use of traceInformation in making security
decisions will be a subject of continued discussion and
contributions.
9.1.7 Authentication of User Whose Entry Is Held by Another DSA
If a DSA is to be able to carry out simple authentication of a
user whose entry is potentially held by some other DSA, the DSA
must be able to invoke DSA "compare" and "read" operations to
complete authentication by reference to other DSAs. All such
DSAs shall support the DirectorySystemAC.
9.2 Dynamic Requirements
9.2.1 Detection of Search Loop
Refer to 7.2.3 of these Agreements.
9.2.2 Generation of Trace Information
A TraceInformation value carries forward a record of the DSAs
which have been involved in the performance of an operation. It
is used to detect the existence of, or avoid, loops which might
arise from inconsistent knowledge or from the presence of alias
loops in the DIT. Each DSA which is propagating an operation to
another, adds a new item to the trace information. If the
propagation of a Search operation involves the creation of a new
Search (Directory Documents, clause 18.7.2.2.2), the trace
information shall not be re-set, but the full trace information
for the overall Search operation to the point where the new
Search was generated shall be included in the new Search.
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There is no arbitrary limit on the size of TraceInformation other
than that imposed by the maximum APDU size limit.
9.2.3 Integrity of Operation Arguments
Any abstract service operation arguments that are signed must be
passed unchanged to the presentation layer. This does not
constrain the hoice of transfer syntax used by the presentation
layer.
9.2.4 Referrals and Chaining
It is recommended that a DSA which has chained a request act upon
any referrals which it receives, rather than returning them to
the requestor if the "prefer-chaining" service control is
present, unless prevented from doing so byadministrative
limitations or service policies.
However, if a DSA which is carrying out a List or a Search
operation receives a set of unexplored Continuation References,
it shall never pursue these if the result was signed (but was not
collated by the DSA with other results), since this will result
in duplication. If the result was unsigned, it may act on them
(removing them from the consolidated result), or it may pass them
back to the Invoker of the operation. The DSA can act on the
references and remove them if correlated.
If a DSA is unable to establish an association with a remote DSA
for the purpose of chaining an operation, then it should return a
DSA referral or continuation reference as appropriate.
10 Underlying Services
This section specifies requirements over and above those given in
the Directory Documents.
10.1 ROSE
It should be noted that support of "abandon" implies support of
operation class 2.
29
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
10.2 Session
All directory implementations are required to support Session
Version 2.
10.3 ACSE
The A-ABORT service is required by association-accepting DSAs to
escape unwanted associations, which, under the ROSE protocol,
they cannot release. In all other cases (association-initiating
DSAs and DUAs) it may be preferable (though not required) to
escape associations using UNBIND rather than abort.
The aborting DUA or DSA may optionally use the user information
field of the A-ABORT. Such information, however, is only
meaningful for diagnostic purposes and its use is not covered by
these Agreements.
11 Access Control
Guidelines relating to access control for the base edition of the
Directory standard can be found in Annex F of the Directory
Documents, Part 2. Specifications for access control in the
extended edition of the Directory standard are found in DAM-1.3
to ISO/IEC 9594-2, DAM-1.3 to ISO/IEC 9594-3, and DAM-1.3 to
ISO/IEC 9594-4.
12 Test Considerations
This clause outlines some items that implementors may wish to
consider in terms of testing expectations; additionally, future
conformance testers may wish to consider these items when
developing tests.
12.1 Major Elements of Architecture
One important aspect of testing is to confirm the correct
behavior of DSAs and DUAs with respect to major elements of the
directory architecture.
Such major elements include:
a) Conformance Statement;
b) Distinguished names (e.g., name resolution, equivalence
of various forms);
30
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
c) Entries and Attributes (e.g., accessibility by
operations, compliance with rules);
d) Handling of distributed operations (e.g., naming
contexts and knowledge);
e) Schemas:
1) Structure rules (e.g., storage and maintenance of
structure and of naming rules);
2) Object classes and sub-classes (e.g., storage and
extension of rules for object attributes);
3) Attribute types (e.g., storage and maintenance of
syntax classes and rules for multi or single valued
attributes);
4) Attribute syntax (e.g., maintenance and support for
attribute value testing and matching, to specification
for a defined set of attribute types);
f) Operations:
1) all operations;
2) correct function;
3) correct result;
4) correct responses;
g) Aliases (e.g.,correct resolution, error responses);
h) Authentication and Access Control (e.g., limitation of
modify access);
i) ROSE (e.g., correct handling of invokes, results,
rejects, and invoke ids);
j) ACSE (e.g., association establishment / refusal for
invalid application contexts,etc.).
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
12.2 Search Operation
Testing of support for filter items should be reasonable. It is
not expected that DSAs will be able to handle worst case testing
in this area.
13 Errors
This clause provides clarification of the semantics of various
operation errors and implementation guidelines on their usage.
13.1 Permanent vs. Temporary Service Errors
This subclause provides some clarification regarding the usage of
the Service Errors busy, unavailable, and unwillingToPerform.
The error busy is particularly transient. It is returned when one
or more of The Directory's internal resources are being used to
their capacity and, hence, the requested operation cannot, for
the moment, be performed. The Directory should be able to recover
from this type of resource depletion after a short while.
The error unavailable is also temporary but somewhat less
transient. It indicates that The Directory (or some part of it)is
currently unavailable and may continue to be unavailable for a
reasonably long period of time. For example, this error is
returned when a given DSA is functionally disabled, or when a
specific part of the DIB is undergoing reconfiguration.
The error unwillingToPerform has a permanent connotation. It
indicates that The Directory cannot perform the requested
operation because it would require resources beyond its capacity.
For example, this error may be returned by a DSA if satisfying a
request would result in the generation of an APDU in excess of
2**18 - 1 octets.
13.2 Guidelines for Error Handling
NOTE - The error handling tables include symptoms and
situations for the DISP as defined in the forthcoming
edition of the OSI Directory standard.
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
13.2.1 Introduction
This subclause provides a recommended mapping of error situations
which may be encountered to ROSE Rejects or to the errors
provided in the DAP, DSP, and DISP protocols of the Directory
Documents.
The Directory Documents are not adequately definitive about the
handling of errors. In this document, more explicit guidelines
are given.
Error situations are defined by:
a) Symptom (i.e.,the manner in which the error was
detected);
b) Situation (i.e., the circumstance or phase during which
the error was detected. For each possible situation, the
error-handling procedure needs to be defined).
13.2.2 Symptoms
Table 10 describes a set of symptoms; the set is not necessarily
exhaustive. Each is identified by a title which is used later in
describing error actions. The title used for each symptom is not
intended to imply any particular usage in a particular
implementation.
13.2.3 Situations
Table 11 identifies recognized situations within which particular
symptoms may give rise to distinct error actions.
13.2.4 Error Actions
Table 13 summarizes specific error actions for each possible
combination of symptom and situation. Symptoms are described in
13.2.2 and situations are described in 13.2.3.
Each entry in table 13 corresponds to the symptom in the
left-most column and the situation given in the column header.
Each entry may specify:
a) a specific error action. The error action is described
using the notation shown in table 12;
b) a specific error action and a relevant note. The note
33
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
will be indicated by a number enclosed in parentheses. The
notes can be found at the end of table 13;
c) only a relevant note;
d) a blank (which indicates the corresponding combination
of symptom and situation is not meaningful in the context of
these Agreements).
The entries in table 13 which specify a specific error action
will do so using the notation shown in table 12.
13.2.5 Reporting
In addition to the use of error-reporting services, DSAs should
implement logging services to assist in management of the
Directory. The list below describes classes of error which should
be logged.Note that the list is not necessarily complete:
a) Errors indicating attempted breaches of security;
b) Errors indicating local software or hardware
malfunction;
c) Errors indicating malfunction or other unacceptable
behavior on the part of the invoker of an operation;
d) Errors indicating loss of chaining service by another
DSA;
e) Error conditions that would be difficult to diagnose
with the level of detail supplied over the protocol;
f) Aborts and other exceptional communications events.
The form and accessibility of any such logs is for further study.
34
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
14 Specific Authentication Schemes
This clause identifies authentiction algorithms for use in
Directory authentication. Informative text and ASN.1 definitions
describing these algorithms appears in part 12 (Security). Use
of algorithms other than those cited in this clause or described
in the Directory Documents is by bilateral agreement.
14.1 Specific Strong Authentication Schemes
This subclause cites one alternative to the RSA digital signature
scheme, the "ElGamal" digital signature scheme. Future
contributions may result in other alternatives being added to
this subclause.
Implementors may choose to provide digital signature capability
based on RSA, ElGamal, or some other scheme appropriate for use
in the OSI Directory environment.
It should be noted that RSA and ElGamal are governed by U.S.A.
patent law.
14.1.1 ElGamal
The ElGamal digital signature scheme was originally described by
Taher ElGamal in [ELGA85]. Part 12 (Security) of these
agreements contains details on the use of ElGamal, including an
informative description of the scheme using the notation
described in part 8 of the Directory Documents and known
constraints on algorithm parameters.
14.1.2 One-Way Hash Functions
This subclause cites alternative one-way hash functions for use
in Strong and Protected Simple Authentication. The Security SIG
continues to investigate the security of additional one-way hash
functions, and the Directory Services SIG will consider the
applicability of these hash functions to Directory
authentication.
A recent development in this area is the citation by the Security
SIG of RSA MD4. In another recent development, the two-pass
application of the SNEFRU algorithm was announced by Ralph Merkle
to have been broken. Future study of MD4 and other contributions
may result in other additions to this subclause.
35
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
At the present time, implementors may choose to provide one-way
hash functionality based on MD2 or some other scheme aplpropriate
for use in the OSI Directory environment.
14.1.2.1 SQUARE-MOD-N Algorithm
Recent research regarding the square-mod-n one-way hash function
described in Annex D of the Directory Documents, Part 8, has
revealed that the function is not secure. Its use, therefore, is
discouraged.
14.1.2.2 MD2 Algorithm
MD2 is a one-way hash function and is described in [RFC1115].
14.1.2.3 Use of One-Way Hash Functions in Forming Signatures
MD2 may be used to form digital signatures in conjunction with
RSA or ElGamal.
14.1.3 ASN.1 for Strong Authentication Algorithms
This subclause defines object identifiers assigned to
authentication algorithms. The definitions take the form of the
ASN.1 module, "OIWAlgorithmObjectIdentifiers."
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
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38
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
+----------------------------------------------------------------
------------+
| OIWAlgorithmObjectIdentifiers {iso(1)
identified-organization(3) |
| oiw(14) dssig(7) oIWAlgorithmObjectIdentifiers(1)}
|
| DEFINITIONS ::=
|
| BEGIN
|
|
|
| EXPORTS
|
| md2, md2WithRSA, elGamal, md2WithElGamal;
|
|
|
| IMPORTS
|
| authenticationFramework
|
| FROM UsefulDefinitions {joint-iso-ccitt ds(5) modules(1)
|
| usefulDefinitions(0)}
|
| ALGORITHM
|
| FROM AuthenticationFramework authenticationFramework;
|
|
|
| -- categories of object identifiers
|
|
|
| algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iso(1)
identified-organization(3) |
| oiw(14) dssig(7) algorithm(2)}
|
|
|
| encriptionAlgorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {algorithm 1}
|
|
|
| hashAlgorthm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {algorithm 2}
|
|
|
39
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
| signatureAlgorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {algorithm 3}
|
|
|
| -- algorithms
|
|
|
| md2 ALGORITHM
|
| PARAMETER NULL
|
| ::= {hashAlgorithm 1}
|
|
|
| md2WithRsa ALGORITHM
|
| PARAMETER NULL
|
| ::= {signatureAlgorithm 1}
|
|
|
| elGamal ALGORITHM
|
| PARAMETER NULL
|
| ::= {encryptionAlgorithm 1}
|
|
|
|
|
| md2WithElGamal ALGORITHM
|
| PARAMETER NULL
|
| ::= {signatureAlgorithm 2}
|
|
|
| END -- of Algorithm Object Identifier Definitions
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------
------------+
40
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
14.2 Protected Simple Authentication
Protecting the user's distinguished name and password provides
greater degrees of security than where passwords are not
protected.
The procedure for achieving this protection, referred to as
protected simple authentication, is outlined in the Directory
Documents, Part 8, clause 5.3. The approach by which protected
identifying information may be generated is outlined in the
Directory Documents,Part 8, clause 5.4. For the purpose of these
agreements, f1 and f2 as specified in the Directory Documents,
Part 8, clause 5.4 are identical MD2 one-way functions. The
algorithms for implementation of the MD2 one-way function are
described in [RFC1115] (see D.3). Note that the use of MD2 maybe
subject to licensing agreement. Use of other algorithms for other
one-way functions is by bilateral agreement.
User A generates Protected2 as specified in the Directory
Documents, Part 8, clause 5.4. Authenticator2 is then conveyed to
B in the form of Simple Credentials. Table 14 shows the
relationship between SimpleCredentialfields and the elements of
protected simple authentication as shown in figure 2 of the
Directory Documents, Part 8.
14.3 Simple Authentication
There are two major classes of authentication supported by the
Directory (i.e., simple and strong authentication). Simple
authentication is based on a password being passed between the
two associated entities (e.g., between a Directory User and a
DUA, or between two DSAs). In the case of interaction between a
Directory User and a DUA, the password is compared in some way
with the password attribute in the user's entry in the Directory.
In the case of interaction between two DSAs, this cannot be done
since the DSA object class, as defined in the Directory Documents
(Part 7, clause 6.14) does not contain a password attribute.
To facilitate simple authentication between DSAs,it is
recommended that a DSA have local access to a list of one or more
known DSAs, with a copy of each known DSA's password. Maintenance
of that information is done through the use of bilateral
agreements between DSA administrators.
41
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 1 - Pragmatic constraints for selected attributes
Primar
Attribute Content Constraints y Notes
Type Source
Aliased Distinguis Note 3
Object Name hed Name
Business T.61 or ub-business CCITT
Category Printable - category X.520
String 128
Common Name T.61 or ub-common- CCITT
Printable name 64 X.520
String
Country Printable 2 ISO
Name String 3166
Description T.61 or ub-descript CCITT About 1
Printable ion 1024 X.520 screen
String full
Destination Printable ub-destinat CCITT
Indicator String ion- X.520
indicator
128
Facsimile Facsimile ub-telephon CCITT Optionally
Telephone Telephone e-number 32 X.520 includes
Number Number G3
non-basic
pa-
rameters
(Upper
bounds
ffs)
Internation Numeric ub-isdn-add CCITT E.164
al ISDN String ress 16 X.520 Internat'l
Number ISDN
Number
Knowledge T.61 or 1024 OIW About 1
Information Printable screen
String full
Locality T.61 or ub-locality CCITT
Name Printable -name 128 X.520
String
Member Distinguis Note 3
hed Name
Object Object 256 octets OIW
Class Identifier
42
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Primar
Attribute Content Constraints y Notes
Type Source
Organizatio T.61 or ub-organiza CCITT
n Name Printable tion-name X.520
String 64
Organizatio T.61 or ub-organiza CCITT
nal Unit Printable tional- X.520
Name String unit- name
64
Owner Distinguis Note 3
hed Name
Physical T.61 or ub-physical CCITT
Delivery Printable -office-nam X.520
OfficeName String e 128
43
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 1 - Pragmatic constraints for selected attributes
(continued)
Primar
Attribute Content Constraints y Notes
Type Source
Post Office T.61 or ub-post-off CCITT
Box Printable ice-box 40 X.520
String
Postal Postal ub-postal-l CCITT UPU
Address Address ine6 X.520
ub-postal-s
tring30
Postal Code T.61 or ub-postal-c CCITT
Printable ode 40 X.520
String
Presentatio Presentati 224 octets NIST Note
n Address on Address 2(page ?),
ISO 7498.3
& X.200
Registered Postal ub-postal-l CCITT
Address Address ine6 X.520
ub-postal-s
tring30
Role Distinguis Note 3
Occupant hed Name
Search_Guid Guide 256 OIW
e
See Also Distinguis Note 3
hed Name (page ?)
Serial Printable ub-serial-n CCITT
Number String umber 64 X.520
State or T.61 or ub-state-na CCITT
Province Printable me 128 X.520
Name String
Street T.61 or ub-street-a CCITT
Address Printable ddress 128 X.520
String
Supported Object 256 OIW
Application Identifier
Context
Surname T.61 or ub-surname CCITT
Printable 64 X.520
String
44
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Primar
Attribute Content Constraints y Notes
Type Source
Telephone Printable ub-telephon CCITT E.123
Number String e-number 32 X.520
Table 1 - Pragmatic constraints for selected attributes
(concluded)
Primar
Attribute Content Constraints y Notes
Type Source
Teletex Teletex ub-teletex- CCITT Optionally
Terminal Terminal terminal-id X.520 includes
Identifier Identifier 1024 Teletex
non-basic
parameters
(upper
bound ffs)
Telex Telex ub-telex-nu CCITT Contains
Number Number mber14 X.520 sequence
ub-country- of telex
code4 number,
ub-answerba country
ck 8 code, and
answerback
Title T.61 or ub-title 64 CCITT
Printable X.520
String
User Octet ub-user-pas CCITT Allow long
Password String sword 128 X.520 pass-
words
generated
by machine
X.121 Numeric ub-x121-add CCITT X.121
Address String ress 15 X.520
45
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Primar
Attribute Content Constraints y Notes
Type Source
NOTES
1 The pragmatic constraints of these parameters are
defined in other standards. We will accommodate
these values in our pragmatic constraints.
2 Presentation address is composed of "X" NSAP
addresses, and three selectors, (20X + 32 + 16 +
16), e.g., if X= 1, this would be 84. These numbers
are based on the most recent implementors'
agreements. With 8 NSAP addresses this value is 224.
3 Pragmatic constraints are only applied to the
individual components of Distinguished Name as
defined in the Directory Documents, Part 2. Not all
components of a DN will necessarily be understood by
an implementation.
4 Implementors should be aware that constraints on
Postal Address may not be sufficient for some
markets.
46
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 2 - Directory access service support
Support
Classification
Operations and Comments
DUA DSA Errors
-- BIND and UNBIND
--
DirectoryBind r r
DirectoryUnbind r r
-- OPERATIONS --
-- READ
OPERATIONS--
Read n r
Compare n r
Abandon n r (note
2)
-- SEARCH
OPERATIONS --
List n r (note
1)
Search n r (note
1)
-- MODIFY
OPERATIONS --
AddEntry n r
RemoveEntry n r
ModifyEntry n r
ModifyRDN n r
-- ERRORS --
Abandoned (note
4)r
AbandonedFailed (note
4)r
AttributeError (note
4)r
NameError (note
4)r
Referral (note 4) r(note
3)
47
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 2 - Directory access service support (concluded)
Support
Classification
Operations and Comments
DUA DSA Errors
SecurityError (note 4) r
ServiceError (note 4) r
UpdateError (note 4) 4
NOTES
1 As performance of Search and List operations can
consume significant resources, the policies of some
centralized DSAs may be that such operations will not
be performed. For these cases, the reply to the
requests for such operations would be ServiceError
with the "unwillingToPerform" Service Problem.
2 Reference Directory Documents, Part 3, clause
9.3.6
3 Centralized DSAs would not generate referrals.
4 See EntryInformationSelection information under
Common Data Types (table 3, Part 6)
48
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
- BIND and UNBIND -
DirectoryBind
M S
DirectoryBindArgumen
t
credentials O S
simple O S
name G S
validity O O
password G S
strong O O See Strong
Authentication
Protocol
Conformance Profile
for requirements
when strong
authentication is
supported.
O O
externalProcedure
versions O S Supported value:
v1988
S G
DirectoryBindResult
credentials O G Shall be the same
CHOICE as in
DirectoryBindArgume
nt.
simple O G
name S G
validity O O
password O O
49
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
strong O O See Strong
Authentication
Protocol
Conformance Profile
for requirements
when strong
authentication is
supported.
O O
externalProcedure
versions S O Supported value:
v1988
50
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
S G
DirectoryBindError
versions S O Supported value:
v1988
ServiceProblem S G Supported value:
unavailable
S G Supported values:
SecurityProblem inappropriateAuthen
tication,
invalidCredentials
DirectoryUnbind The DirectoryUnbind
has no arguments.
- OPERATIONS, ARGUMENTS AND RESULTS -
- READ OPERATIONS -
Read
ReadArgument M S
object M S
selection O S See note 2
CommonArguments O S
ReadResult S G
entry S M
CommonResults S G
Compare
CompareArgument M S
object M S
purported M S
O S
CommonArguments
CompareResult S G
51
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
S G
DistinguishedName
matched S M
fromEntry S G
commonResults S G
Abandon
AbandonArgument M S
invokeId M S
AbandonResult S G
- SEARCH OPERATIONS
-
List
ListArgument M S
object M S
CommonArguments O S
ListResult S G
listInfo S G
S G
DistinguishedName
subordinates S M
S M For the case where
Rel.DistinguishedNam subordinates is
e empty set, RDN is
absent.
aliasEntry S G
fromEntry S G
S G
partialOutcomeQualif
ier
CommonResults S G
S G(O)
UncorrelatedListInfo
52
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
ListResult S G See note 1 for
additional
information related
to the DSA support
classification.
Search
SearchArgument M S
baseObject M S
subset O S
filter O S
searchAliases O S
selection O S
O S
CommonArguments
SearchResult S G
searchinfo S G
S G
DistinguishedName
entries S M
S G
partialOutcomeQualif
ier
S G
CommonResults
S G (O)
uncorrelatedSearchin
fo
SearchResult S G
S G
partialOutcomeQualif
ier
limitProblem S G
unexplored S G
S O
unavailableCriticalE
xt
53
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
- MODIFY OPERATIONS
-
AddEntry
AddEntryArgument M S
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
object M S
entry M S
CommonArgument O S
AddEntryResult S G
RemoveEntry
M S
RemoveEntryArgument
object M S
O S
CommonArguments
S G
RemoveEntryResult
ModifyEntry
M S
ModifyEntryArgument
object M S
changes M S At least one entry
modification must
be supported.
addAttribute O S
O S
removeAttribute
addValues O S
removeValues O S
O S
CommonArguments
S G
ModifyEntryResult
ModifyRDN
M S
ModifyRDNArgument
54
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
object M S
newRDN M S
deleteOldRDN O S
O G
CommonArguments
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments DUA DSA
ModifyRDNResult S G
- ERRORS AND
PARAMETERS -
Abandoned
AbandonFailed
problem S M
operation S M
AttributeError
object S M
problems S M Min. 1 error(See
Directory
Documents, Part 3,
subclause 12.4.2.2)
type S M
value S G
NameError
problem S M
matched S M
Referral
candidate S G
SecurityError
problem S M
ServiceError
problem S M
UpdateError
problem S M
55
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
ModifyRDNResult S G
- ERRORS AND
PARAMETERS -
Abandoned
AbandonFailed
problem S M
operation S M
AttributeError
object S M
problems S M Min. 1 error(See
Directory
Documents, Part 3,
subclause 12.4.2.2)
type S M
value S G
NameError
problem S M
matched S M
Referral
candidate S G
SecurityError
problem S M
ServiceError
problem S M
UpdateError
problem S M
56
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
- COMMON ARGUMENTS / RESULTS -
CommonArguments
ServiceControls O S
O S See subclause 8.8.
SecurityParameters
O S
certification-path
name O S
time O S
random O S
target O S
requestor O S
O S (O)
OperationProgress
M S
nameResolutionPhase
O S
nextRDNToBeResolved
aliasedRDNs O S (O)
extensions O S
identifier M S
critical O S
item M S
CommonResults
O G (O) See subclause 8.8.
SecurityParameters
O G
certification-path
name O G
time O G
random O G
target O G
57
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
performer O G (O)
O G
aliasDereferenced
- COMMON DATA TYPES
-
ServiceControls
options O S
priority O S
timeLimit O S
sizeLimit O S
scopeOfReferral O S
EntryInformationSele
ction
attributeTypes O S
allAttributes O S Must support at
least one of the
CHOICE.
select O S
infoTypes O S
EntryInformation
S M
DistinguishedName
fromEntry S G
SET OF CHOICE S G
AttributeType S G
Attribute S G
Filter Must support at
least one of the
CHOICE.
item O S
and O S
or O S
58
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
not O S
FilterItem
equality O S
substrings O S
type M S
strings M S
initial O S Must support at
least one of the
CHOICE.
any O S
final O S
greaterOrEqual O S
lessOrEqual O S
present O S
O S
approximateMatch
SecurityParameters O O See subclause 8.8.
O S
certification-path
name O S
time O S
random O S
target O S
ContinuationReferenc
e
targetObject O M
aliasedRDNs O G
O M
OperationProgress
O M
nameResolutionPhase
O G
nextRDNToBeResolved
59
Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 3 - DAP protocol support (concluded)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
rdnsResolved O G
AccessPoint O M
AccessPoint
Name O M
O M
PresentationAddress
pSelector O G
sSelector O G
tSelector O G
nAddress O M
NOTES
1 As performance of Search and List operations can
consume significant resources, the policies of some
centralized DSAs may be that such operations will not
be performed. For these cases, the reply to the
requests for such operations would be ServiceError
with the "unwillingToPerform" Service Problem.
2 See EntryInformationSelection information under
Common Data Types (table 3, part 6)
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Table 4 - Directory system service support
Support
Classification
Operations and Comments
Request Response Errors
- BIND and UNBIND
-
DSABind n(notes r
1,2)
DSAUnbind n(notes r
1,2)
- OPERATIONS -
- CHAINED READ
OPERATIONS -
ChainedRead n(notes r
1,2)
ChainedCompare n(notes r
1,2)
chainedAbandon n(note r
1)
- CHAINED SEARCH
OPERATIONS -
ChainedList n (note r
1)
ChainedSearch n (note r
1)
- CHAINED MODIFY
OPERATIONS -
n (note r
ChainedAddEntry 1)
n (note r
ChainedRemoveEntry 1)
ChainedEntry n (note r
1)
n (note r
ChainedModifyRDN 1)
- ERRORS -
Abandoned n(note r
1)
Abandonfailed n(note r
1)
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AttributeError n(note r
1)
NameError n(note r
1)
DSARefferal n(note r
1)
SecurityError n(note r
1)
SeviceError n(note r
1)
UpdateError n(note r
1)
NOTES
1 Necessary when supporting the chained mode of
interaction.
2 Some of these operations may be necessary to
support distributed authentication. This requirement
is distinct from support for chained mode of
interaction.
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
- BIND and UNBIND
-
DSABind
M S
DirectoryBindArgume
nt
credentials G S
simple G S
name G S
validity O O
password G S
strong O O See Strong
Authentication
Protocol
Conformance
Profile for
requirements
when strong
authentication
is supported.
O O
externalProcedure
versions G S Supported value:
v1988
DSABindResult S G
credentials S G Shall be the
same CHOICE as
in
DirectoryBindArg
ument.
simple S G
name S G
validity O O
password S G
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strong O O See Strong
Authentication
Protocol
Conformance
Profile for
requirements
when strong
authentication
is supported.
O O
externalProcedure
versions S G Supported value:
v1988
S G
DirectoryBindError
versions S G Supported value:
v1988
ServiceProblem S G Supported
values: busy and
unavailable.
S G Supported
SecurityProblem values:
inappropriate
Authentication,
invalidCredentia
ls.
DSAUnbind The DSAUnbind
has no
arguments.
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
- OPERATIONS,
ARGUMENTS AND
RESULTS -
- CHAINED READ
OPERATIONS -
ChainedRead
M S
ChainingArgument
ReadArgument M S
object M S
selection G S
G S
CommonArguments
S M
ChainingResult
ReadResult S M
entry S M
S G
CommonResults
ChainedCompare
M S
ChainingArgument
M S
CompareArgument
object M S
purported M S
G S
CommonArguments
ChainingResult S M
CompareResult S M
S G
DistinguishedName
matched S M
fromEntry S G
CommonResults S G
ChainedAbandon
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M S
AbandonArgument
invokeId M S
AbandonResult S G
- OPERATIONS, ARGUMENTS AND RESULTS -
- CHAINED SEARCH
OPERATIONS -
ChainedList
M S
ChainingArguments
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
ListArgument M S
object M D
G S
CommonArguments
ChainingResults S M
ListResult S M
listInfo S G
S G
DistinguishedName
S M
subordinates
S M
Rel.DistinguishedNa
me
S G
aliasEntry
fromEntry S G
S G
partialOutcomeQuali
fier
S G
CommonResults
S G
uncorrelatedListInf
o
ListResult S G
ChainedSearch
SearchArgument M S
baseObject M S
sugset G S
filter G S
searchAliases G S
selection G S
G S
CommonArguments
S M
ChainingResults
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SearchResult S M
Searchinfo S M
S G
DistinguishedName
entries S M
S G
partialOutcomeQuali
fier
S G
CommonResults
S G
uncorrelatedSearchi
nfo
S G
SearchResult
S G
partialOutcomeQuali
fier
limitProblem S G
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
unexplored S G
S G
unavailableCritical
Ext
- CHAINED MODIFY
OPERATIONS -
ChainedAddEntry
M S
ChainingArguments
M S
AddEntryArgument
object M S
entry M S
G S
CommonArguments
S M
ChainingResults
S M
AddEntryResults
ChainedRemoveEntry
M S
ChainingArguments
M S
RemoveEntryArgument
object M S
G S
CommonArguments
S M
ChainingResults
S M
RemoveEntryResult
ChainedModifyEntry
M S
ChainingArguments
M S
ModifyEntryArgument
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object M S
changes M S
G S
addAttribute
G S
removeAttribute
addValues G S
G S
removeValues
G S
CommonArguments
S M
ChainingResults
S M
ModifyEntryResult
ChainedModifyRDN
M S
ChainingArguments
M S
ModifyRDNArgument
object M S
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
newRDN M S
deleteOldRDN G S
G S
CommonArguments
S M
ChainingResults
S M
ModifyRDNResult
- ERRORS and
PARAMETERS -
Abandoned
AbandonFailed
problem S M
operation S M
AttributeError Min.1 error (see
Directory
Documents, part
3, subclause
12.4.2.2)
object S M
problems S M
problem S M
type S M
value S G
NameError
problem S M
matched S M
DSARefferal
S M
ContinuationReferen
ce
contextPrefix S G
SecurityError
problem S M
ServiceError S G For Directory
operations
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problem S M
UpdateError S G
problem S M
- COMMON ARGUMENTS
/ RESULTS -
CommonArguments
G S
ServiceControls
O S see subclause
SecurityParameters 8.8.
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
requestor G S
G S
OperationProgress
M S
nameResolutionPhase
G S
nextRDNToBeResolved
aliasedRDNs G S
extensions G S
identifier M S
critical G S
item M S
CommonResults
S O See subclause
SecurityParameters 8.8.
requestor S G
S G
aliasDereferenced
- COMMON DATA
TYPES -
ServiceControls
options G S
priority G S
timeLimit G S
sizeLimit G S
G S
scopeOfReferral
EntryInformationSel
ection
attributeTypes G S
allAttributes G S
select G S
infoTypes G S
EntryInformation
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S M
DistinguishedName
fromEntry S G
SET OF CHOICE S G
AttributeType S G
Attribute S G
Filter
item G S
and G S
or G S
not G S
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
FilterItem
equality G S
substrings G S
type G S
strings G S
initial G S
any G S
final G S
greaterOrEqual G S
lessOrEqual G S
present G S
G S
approximateMatch
- COMMON DATA TYPES
FOR DISTRIBUTED
OPERATION -
ChainingArguments
originator G S
targetObject G S
G S
operationProgress
M S
nameResolutionPhase
G S
nextRDNToBeResolved
M S
traceInformation
G S
aliasDereferenced
aliasedRDNs G S
G S See Directory
returnCrossRefs Documents, Part
4, subclause
10.4.1
referenceType G S
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DomainInfo O O
timeLimit G S
O S See note 1
SecurityParameters regarding the
support
classification
for Request.
Also see
subclause 8.8
ChainingResults
Info O O
crossReferences S G
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Table 5 - DSP protocol support (continued)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
Request Response
S O See note 1
SecurityParameters regarding the
support
classification
for Response.
Also see
subclause 8.8
CrossReference
contextPrefix S M See Directory
Documents, Part
4, subclause
12.4.2.2
accessPoint S M
TraceInformation
TraceItem M S
TraceItem
dsa M S
targetObject G S
M S
operationProgress
M S
nameResolutionPhase
G S
nextRDNToBeResolved
ContinuationReferen
ce
targetObject S M
aliasedRDNs S G
S M
operationProgress
S M
nameResolutionPhase
S G
nextRDNToBeResolved
rdnsResolved S G
referenceType S G
AccessPoint S M
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AccessPoint
Name S M
S M
PresentationAddress
pSelector S G
sSelector S G
Table 5 - DSP protocol support (concluded)
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments Request Response
tSelector S G
nAddress S M
NOTES
1 The support classification is G when supporting
the chained mode of interaction.
2 Some of these operations may be necessary to
support distributed authentication. This requirement
is distinct from support for chained mode of
interaction.
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Table 6 - DAP Support for Digital Signature Protocol Conformance
Profile.
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
- COMMON ARGUMENTS
/ RESULTS -
CommonArguments
SecurityParameters
G S
certification-path
name G S
time G S
random G S
target G S
requestor G S
CommonResults
S G
SecurityParameters
performer S G
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Table 7 - DSP support for digital signature protocol conformance
profile
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
- COMMON ARGUMENTS / RESULTS -
CommonArguments
SecurityParameters
G S
certification-path
name G S
time G S
random G S
target G S
requestor G S
CommonResults
G S
SecurityParameters
performer O G
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Table 8 - DAP support for strong authentication protocol
conformance profile
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
M S
DirectoryBindArgume
nt
credentials G S
simple G S
name G S
validity G S
password G S
strong
G S
certification-path
G S
bind-token
O O
externalProcedure
versions O S
S G
DirectoryBindResult
credentials S G
simple S G
name S G
validity S G
password S G
strong S G
S G
certification-path
S G
bind-token
O O
externalProcedure
versions S O
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Table 9 - DSP support for strong authentication protocol
conformance profile
Support
Classification
Protocol Element Comments
DUA DSA
M S
DirectoryBindArgume
nt
credentials G S
simple G S
name G S
validity G S
password G S
strong
G S
certification-path
G S
bind-token
O O
externalProcedure
versions O S
S G
DirectoryBindResult
credentials S G
simple S G
name S G
validity S G
password S G
strong S G
S G
certification-path
S G
bind-token
O O
externalProcedure
versions S O
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Table 10 - Error symptoms
Symptom Description
E_ACCESS The initiator has insufficient access
rights to carry out this operation.
E_ADMIN_LIMIT The Directory has reached some limit
set by an administrative authority, and
no partial results are available to
return to the user.
E_ALIAS_DEREF One of three situations exists:
1 An alias has been encountered
while a previous alias was being
dereferenced, or
2 a name contained an alias plus one
or more additional RDNs when the
dontDereferenceAliases service
control was being used, or
3 the name, supplied in an operation
that precludes alias
dereferencing, contained an alias
plus one or more additional RDNs.
E_ALIAS_LOOP During a whole-subtree search
operation, an alias has been
encountered which would lead to a loop
(i.e., the alias points to an entry
which is superior to entries which have
already been evaluated in carrying out
the search).
E_ALIAS_PROBLEM An alias has been encountered, but the
entry to which it points does not
exist.
E_ARG_BOUNDS The argument does not comply with
pragmatic constraints (defined locally
or by functional standards).
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Table 10 - Error symptoms (continued)
Symptom Description
E_ARG_SYNTAX An operation argument either has
incorrect ASN.1 encoding or correct
ASN.1 encoding, but does not comply to
the syntax as defined in the Directory
Documents.
NOTES
1 Within BindArgument, additional
elements are permitted, to allow
future extensions, and do not
create an error situation.
2 Errors within attribute values
are not included in this
codification (see E_ATT_SYNTAX).
E_ARG_VIOL An operation argument has correct
syntax, but it violates additional
rules and constraints levied by the
Directory Documents (e.g., use of a
Priority integer value whose meaning
is undefined).
NOTES
1 Within a Relative Distinguished
Name, having two AVAs of the same
attribute type is an error which
is covered by E_DN, and not by
E_ARG_VIOL.
2 Errors within attribute values
are not included in this
codification (see E_ATT_SYNTAX).
E_ATT_BOUNDS An attribute value does not comply with
bounds specified either by the
Directory Documents or by functional
standards.
E_ATT_OR_VALUE_EXI Within an entry, an attribute or
STS attribute value already exists, causing
an error situation.
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E_ATT_SYNTAX An attribute value either has incorrect
ASN.1 encoding or it has correct ASN.1
encoding but does not comply with the
ASN.1 encoding defined by the attribute
type.
E_ATT_VALUE An attribute value, although of correct
ASN.1 encoding, and conformant with the
syntax defined for the attribute type,
is not compliant with other rules
(e.g., a non-ISO 3166 country name
encoding).
E_ACCESS The initiator has insufficient access
rights to carry out this operation.
E_AUTHENTICATION The authentication offered does not
match that required by the object being
authenticated.
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Table 10 - Error symptoms (continued)
Symptom Description
E_BUSY The DSA is unable to handle this
operation at this time (but it may be
able to do so after a short while).
E_CANT_CONSTRUCT The update to be transmitted exceeds a
local size limit.
E_CANT_INCORPORATE The update received exceeds a local
APDU size limit.
E_CHAIN The DSA needs to use chaining to carry
out this operation, but is prohibited
from doing so by Service Controls.
E_CREDENTIALS The credentials offered do not match
those of the object with which
authentication is taking place.
E_DBE An inconsistency has been detected in
the DSA's data base, which may be
localized to a particular entry or set
of entries.
E_DIT_STRUCTURE An attempt was made via an add
operation to place an entry in the DIB
whose object class would violate the
DIT structure rules.
E_DN A DN contains an RDN with two AVAs of
the same attribute type.
E_DSA A DSA to which chaining is taking place
is unable to respond.
E_ENTRY_EXISTS An entry of the given name already
exists, causing an error.
E_EXTENSION A DSA was unable to satisfy a request
because one or more critical extensions
were not available.
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_OBJ Root's DN has been supplied as the
object of a Read, Compare, AddEntry,
RemoveEntry, ModifyEntry, ModifyRDN, or
as the Base Object of a single level
search.
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_VAL Root's DN has been supplied illegally
as an attribute value (e.g., as an
Aliased Object Name).
E_INACTIVE_AGREEME The specified is not currently active.
NT
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E_INVALID_AGREEMEN A valid agreement does not exist with
T the DSA.
E_LOOP A loop has been detected in the
knowledge information within the
system.
E_MATCH The attribute specified does not
support the required matching
capability.
E_MISSED_PREVIOUS The value received in lastUpdate or is
not consistent with the time the
recipient DSA understands was the time
of the last update.
E_MISSING_AVA When creating, or after modifying, an
entry, an AVA in the entry's RDN is not
represented within the entry's set of
attributes.
E_MISSING_OBJECT_C When creating an entry, the entry does
LASS not possess an object class.
E_MORE_CURR_UPD_RC A consumer DSA processing supplier-
D initiated updates determines that the
update the supplier is attempting to
send is older than one the consumer has
already received.
E_MULTI_DSA The operation is an update operation
which affects other DSAs.
E_NAMING_VIOLATION The name of the new or modified entry
is incompatible with its object class.
E_NO_AGMT_W_THIS_D The receiving DSA has no agreements in
SA place with the sending DSA.
Table 10 - Error symptoms (continued)
Symptom Description
E_NON_LEAF_OPERATI The operation being attempted is
ON illegal except on a leaf.
E_NONNAMING_ATTRIB In either an add or ModifyRDN
UTE operation, an attribute is included in
the last RDN that is not a valid naming
attribute according to the DIT
structure rules.
E_NOT_SINGLE_VALUE An attribute, registered as
D single-valued, has been found with more
than one value.
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E_NO_SUCH_ATT The specified attribute has not been
found.
E_NO_SUCH_OBJECT The specified entry has not been found.
E_NO_SUCH_VALUE The specified attribute value has not
been found.
E_OBJECT_CLASS_MOD An (illegal) attempt has been made to
alter or remove an object class
attribute.
E_OBJECT_CLASS_VIO There is a schema violation (e.g.,
L missing mandatory attribute, or
non-allowed attribute present).
E_PREVIOUSLY_COORD A supplier DSA, while processing
consumer-initated updates, has received
a coordinateShadowUpdate referring to a
shadow agreement for which a previous
coordinateShadowUpdate has already been
received and is still outstanding.
E_PREVIOUSLY_SOLIC A supplier DSA, while processing
ITED consumer-initated updates, has received
a requestShadowUpdate referring to a
shadow agreement for which a previous
requestShadowUpdate has already been
received and is still outstanding.
E_REFERENCE An erroneous reference has been
detected (e.g., DSA cannot handle name
even as far as the number of RDNs that
have already been resolved).
E_SCOPE No referrals were available within the
requested scope.
E_SYSTEM_PERM A serious and permanent software or
system error has been detected which
prevents completion of the operation.
E_SYSTEM_TEMP A serious but temporary software or
system error has been detected which
prevents completion of the operation.
E_TIMEOUT The operation has not completed within
the allotted time.
E_TIMESTAMP_MISMAT An unrecoverable timestamp mismatch has
CH been detected.
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Table 10 - Error symptoms (continued)
Symptom Description
E_UNABLE_TO_COMPLE The DSA is unable to complete this
TE operation, or others like it (this
applies particularly to search).
E_UNABLE_TO_PROCEE The DSA cannot satisfy the operation
D after receiving it on the basis of a
valid non-specific subordinate
reference.
E_UNCOORDINATED A consumer DSA, while processing
supplier-initated updates, has received
an updateShadow request for which there
is no outstanding
coordinateShadowUpdate.
E_TOO_MANY_UPDATES Supplier DSA determines that there are
too many updates for incremental
refresh and that a full update is
required.
E_UNDEFINED_ATT An unregistered attribute has been
encountered.
E_UNRELIABLE_DATA A DSA has detected internal data
inconsistencies.
E_UNSOLICITED A consumer DSA, while processing
consumer-initated updates, has received
an updateShadow for which there is no
outstanding requestShadowUpdate.
E_UNSUPPORTED_OC The object class of the entry is not
supported as a valid object class for
entries within this DSA.
E_UNSUPPORTED_STRA The refresh strategy selected is not
T supported by this DSA.
E_UNUSABLE_DATA A consumer DSA has decided that the
received data is completely unusable
due to error.
E_VERSION An unexpected version has been found in
Bind.
E_ZERO_VALUES An attribute has been found (e.g., as a
result of a modify-entry operation)
with no values.
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Table 11 - Error situations
Situation Description
ABANDON An Abandon operation is being carried
out.
ADD-ENTRY The entry is being generated.
ADD-ENTRY-NAME-RESOLU During an add entry operation, name
TION resolution has been successfully
accomplished on the superior object,
and is not being carried out to
determine whether the new entry
already exists.
BIND-LOCAL A bind is being attempted; either the
entry named is (or should be) within a
local naming context, or name
resolution is being carried out on the
part of the name that is known
locally.
BIND-REMOTE A bind is being attempted, and the
entry named is not within a local
naming context; remote validation of
credentials is being carried out.
COMPARE A Compare operation is being carried
out on the entry.
COORDINATE-SHADOW- The shadow consumer has received a
UPDATE coordinateShadowUpdate from the
supplier DSA and is evaluating its
contents.
LIST A List operation is being carried out
on the entry.
MODIFY-ENTRY The entry is being modified.
MODIFY-RDN The RDN is being modified.
NAME-RESOLUTION Name resolution is being carried out.
READ The entry is being read.
REMOVE-ENTRY The entry is being removed.
REQUEST-SHADOW-UPDATE The supplier DSA is processing a
RequestShadowUpdate received from a
consumer.
REQUEST-SHADOW- The consumer DSA has received a reply
UPDATE-RESULT to a request for update.
SEARCH-ENTRY A Search operation is being carried
out; the required entry information is
being evaluated or acted upon.
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SEARCH-FILTER A Search operation is being carried
out; the filter is being evaluated or
acted upon.
TRACE-EVALUATION The trace element is being evaluated
for loops.
UPDATE-SHADOW The consumer DSA has received an
UpdateShadow from the supplier and is
trying to incorporate the updated
information.
Table 12 - Notation used to describe error actions.
Error Action Meaning
Notation
Rej A reject operation is generated, with
problem mistyped-argument.
Ab(<qualifier Abandon Failed Error is generated. The
>) qualifier may take on values codified as
follows:
CA - Cannot abandon
NSO - No such operation
TL - Too late
A(<qualifier> Attribute Error is generated. The qualifier
) may take on values codified as follows:
AVE - Attribute or value already exists
CV - Constraint violation
IAS - Invalid attribute syntax
IM - Inappropriate matching
NSA - No such attribute
UAT - Undefined attribute type
N(<qualifier> NameError is generated. The qualifier may
) take on values codified as follows:
ADP - Alias dereferencing problem
AP - Alias problem
IAS - Invalid attribute syntax
NSO - No such object
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SH(<qualifier Shadow Error is generated. The qualifier
>) may take on values codified as follows:
IAID - Invalid Agreement ID
IA - Inactive Agreement
IIR - Invalid information received
IS - Invalid Sequencing
US - Unsupported strategy
MP - Missed previous
FUR - Full update required
UWP - Unwilling to perform
UT - Unsuitable timing
UAR - Update already received
SC(<qualifier Security Error is generated. The qualifier
>) may take on values codified as follows:
IA - Inappropriate authentication
IAR - Insufficient access rights
IC - Invalid credentials
IS - Invalid signature
NI - No information
PR - Protection required
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Table 12 - Notation used to describe error actions. (concluded)
Error Action Meaning
Notation
S(<qualifier> Service Error is generated. The qualifier
) may take on values codified as follows:
ALE - Administrative limit exceeded
B - Busy
CR - Chaining required
DE - Dit Error
IR - Invalid reference
LD - Loop detected
OOS - Out of Scope
TLE - Time limit exceeded
UA - Unavailable
UAP - Unable to proceed
UCE - Unavailable critical extension
UWP - Unwilling to perform
U(<qualifier> Update Error is generated. The qualifier
) may take on values codified as follows:
AMD - Affects multiple
DSAEAE - Entry already exist
NAN - Not allowed on non-leaf
NAR - Not allowed on RDN
NV - Naming violation
OCV - Object class violation
OMP - Object class modification
prohibited
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Part 11 - Directory Services Protocols December 1993 (Stable)
Table 13 - Error actions
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom
Bind- Name- Add-En (See Table 10)
Bin Remote try- Modify
d- - Resol Name- Add-E -
Loc Resolu ution Resolu ntry Entry
al tion tion
E_ACCESS SC(IA SC(IAR SC(IA SC(IAR
R) ) R) )(14)
(14) (14) (14)
E_ADMIN_LIMIT S(U S(UA) S(ALE S(ALE) S(ALE S(ALE)
A) ) )
E_ALIAS_DEREF S(I S(IC) N(ADP
C) )
E_ALIAS_LOOP
E_ALIAS_PROBLEM S(I S(IC) N(AP)
C)
E_ARG_BOUNDS (8) (7) S(UWP S(UWP) S(UWP S(UWP)
) (12) ) (12)
(12) (12)
E_ARG_SYNTAX (1) (1) Rej Rej Rej Rej
E_ARG_VIOL (1) (1) Rej Rej Rej Rej
E_ATT_BOUNDS SC( (7) N(IAS N(IAS) A(CV) A(CV)
IC) ) (15,
(15, 16)
16)
E_ATT_OR_VALUE_E A(AVE A(AVE)
XISTS )
E_ATT_SYNTAX SC( (7) N(IAS N(IAS) A(IAS A(IAS)
IC) ) (15, )
(15, 16)
16)
E_ATT_VALUE SC( (7) N(IAS N(IAS) A(IAS A(IAS)
IC) ) (15, )
(15, 16)
16)
E_AUTHENTICATION SC( SC(IA)
IA)
E_BUSY S(U S(UA) S(B) S(B) S(B) S(B)
A)
E_CANT_CONSTRUCT
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E_CANT_INCORPORA
TE
E_CHAIN S(CR)
E_CREDENTIALS SC( SC(IC)
IC)
E_DBE S(U S(UA) S(DE) S(DE) S(DE) S(DE)
A)
E_DIT_STRUCTURE U(NV)
E_DN SC( SC(IC) N(NSO C(NV)
IC) )
E_DSA S(UA) S(UA) S(UA)
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Symptom Situation (See Table 11)
(See Table 10)
Bind- Name- Add-En
Bin Remote Resolu try- Modify
d- - tion Name- Add-E -
Loc Resolu Resolu ntry Entry
al tion tion
E_ENTRY_EXISTS U(EAE)
E_EXTENSION S(UWP) S(UCE) S(UCE S(UCE)
)
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_O SC( SC(IC) N(NSO) N(NSO N(NSO)
BJ IC) )
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_V SC( (7) N(IAS) N(IAS) A(IAS A(IAS)
AL IC) (15, (15, )
16) 16)
E_INACTIVE_AGREE
MENT
E_INVALID_AGREEM
ENT
E_LOOP S(UA) S(LD)
E_MATCH SC( SC(IC) A(IM) A(IM) A(IM)
IC)
E_MISSED_PREVIOU
S
E_MISSING_AVA U(NAR U(NAR)
)
E_MISSING_OBJECT U(OCV U(OMP)
_CLASS )
E_MORE_CURR_UPD_
RCD
E_MULTI_DSA U(AMD)
E_NAMING_VIOLATI U(NV)
ON
E_NO_AGMT_W_THIS
_DSA
E_NO_ENTRIES_IN_
ST
E_NON_LEAF_OPERA
TION
E_NONNAMING_ATTR U(NV)
IBUTE
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E_NOT_SINGLE_VAL A(CV) A(CV)
UED
E_NO_SUCH_ATT A(NSA)
E_NO_SUCH_OBJECT SC( SC(IC) N(NSO)
IC)
E_NO_SUCH_VALUE A(NSA)
E_OBJECT_CLASS_M U(OMP)
OD
E_OBJECT_CLASS_V U(OCV U(OCV)
IOL )
E_OUTSIDE_UOR
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Symptom Situation (See Table 11)
(See Table 10)
Bind- Name- Add-En
Bin Remote Resolu try- Modify
d- - tion Name- Add-E -
Loc Resolu Resolu ntry Entry
al tion tion
E_PREVIOUSLY_COO
RD
E_REFERENCE S(UA) S(IR)
(17)
E_SCOPE S(OOS)
E_PREVIOUSLY_SOL
ICITED
E_SYSTEM_PERM S(U S(UWP) S(UWP) S(UWP S(UWP)
A) )
E_SYSTEM_TEMP S(U S(UA) S(UA) S(UA) S(UA)
A)
E_TIMEOUT S(U (9) S(TLE) S(TLE) S(TLE S(TLE)
A) )
E_TIMESTAMP_MISM
ATCH
E_TOO_MANY_UPDAT
ES
E_UNABLE_TO_COMP
LETE
E_UNABLE_TO_PROC (2) (2)
EED
E_UNCOORDINATED
E_UNDEFINED_ATT SC( (3) U(NV) A(UAT A(UAT)
IC) )
E_UNRELIABLE_DAT
A
E_UNSOLICITED
E_UNSUPPORTED_OC U(OCV
)
E_UNSUPPORTED_ST
RAT
E_UNUSABLE_DATA
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E_VERSION S(U
A)
E_ZERO_VALUES A(CV) A(CV)
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Table Trace
10) Modify- Remove- Read Compar -
RDN Entry e Evalu
-
ation
E_ACCESS SC(IAR) SC(IAR) SC(IAR) SC(IAR
(14) (14) (14) )(14)
E_ADMIN_LIMIT S(ALE) S(ALE) S(ALE)
E_ALIAS_DEREF
E_ALIAS_LOOP
E_ALIAS_PROBLEM
E_ARG_BOUNDS S(UWP)( S(UWP)( S(UWP)
12) 12) (12)
E_ARG_SYNTAX Rej Rej Rej Rej Rej
E_ARG_VIOL Rej Rej Rej Rej Rej
E_ATT_BOUNDS N(IAS) A(CV) (7)
E_ATT_OR_VALUE_EXI
STS
E_ATT_SYNTAX N(IAS) A(IAS) (7)
E_ATT_VALUE N(IAS) A(IAS) (7)
E_AUTHENTICATION
E_BUSY S(B) S(B) S(B) S(B)
E_CANT_CONSTRUCT
E_CANT_INCORPORATE
E_CHAIN
E_CREDENTIALS
E_DBE S(DE) S(DE) S(DE) S(DE)
E_DIT_STRUCTURE
E_DN A(CV) A(IAS)
E_DSA
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Trace
Table 10) Modify- Remove- Read Compar -
RDN Entry e Evalu
ation
E_ENTRY_EXISTS U(EAE)
E_EXTENSION S(UCE) S(UCE) S(UCE) S(UCE)
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_O N(NSO) N(NSO) N(NSO) N(NSO)
BJ
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_V N(IAS) A(IAS) (7)
AL
E_INACTIVE_AGREE
MENT
E_INVALID_AGREEM
ENT
E_LOOP
E_MATCH A(IM) A(IM) (7)
E_MISSED_PREVIOU
S
E_MISSING_AVA
E_MISSING_OBJECT
_CLASS
E_MORE_CURR_UPD_
RCD
E_MULTI_DSA U(AMD) U(AMD)
E_NAMING_VIOLATI U(NV)
ON
E_NO_AGMT_W_THIS
_DSA
E_NO_ENTRIES_IN_
ST
E_NON_LEAF_OPERA U(NAN) U(NAN)
TION
E_NONNAMING_ATTR
IBUTE
E_NOT_SINGLE_VAL A(CV)
UED
E_NO_SUCH_ATT A(NSA)( A(NSA)
4) (4)
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E_NO_SUCH_OBJECT
E_NO_SUCH_VALUE
E_OBJECT_CLASS_M
OD
E_OBJECT_CLASS_V U(OCV)
IOL
E_OUTSIDE_UOR
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Trace
Table 10) Modify- Remove- Read Compar -
RDN Entry e Evalu
ation
E_PREVIOUSLY_COO
RD
E_REFERENCE
E_SCOPE
E_PREVIOUSLY_SOL
ICITED
E_SYSTEM_PERM S(UWP) S(UWP) S(UWP) S(UWP) S(UWP
)
E_SYSTEM_TEMP S(UA) S(UA) S(UA) S(UA) S(UA)
E_TIMEOUT S(TLE) S(TLE) S(TLE) S(TLE)
E_TIMESTAMP_MISM
ATCH
E_TOO_MANY_UPDAT
ES
E_UNABLE_TO_COMP
LETE
E_UNABLE_TO_PROC
EED
E_UNCOORDINATED
E_UNDEFINED_ATT A(UAT) A(NSA)( A(NSA) (7)
4)
E_UNRELIABLE_DAT
A
E_UNSOLICITED
E_UNSUPPORTED_OC
E_UNSUPPORTED_ST
RAT
E_UNUSABLE_DATA
E_VERSION
E_ZERO_VALUES (11)
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See List Search Search Abandon
Table 10) (Filter (Filter) Entry
)
E_ACCESS SC(IAR) SC(IAR)(1 SC(IAR)(
(14) 4) 14)
E_ADMIN_LIMIT S(ALE)( S(ALE)(13 S(ALE)(1
13) ) 3)
E_ALIAS_DEREF (5)
E_ALIAS_LOOP (5)
E_ALIAS_PROBLEM (5)
E_ARG_BOUNDS S(UWP)( S(UWP)(12 S(UWP)(1
12) ) 2)
E_ARG_SYNTAX Rej Rej Rej Rej
E_ARG_VIOL Rej Rej Rej
E_ATT_BOUNDS A(CV)
E_ATT_OR_VALUE_EX
ISTS
E_ATT_SYNTAX A(IAS)
E_ATT_VALUE A(IAS)
E_AUTHENTICATION
E_BUSY S(B) S(B) S(B)
E_CANT_CONSTRUCT
E_CANT_INCORPORAT
E
E_CHAIN
E_CREDENTIALS
E_DBE S(DE) S(DE) S(DE)
E_DIT_STRUCTURE
E_DN A(IAS)
E_DSA (5)
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Table List Search Search Abandon
10) (Filte (Filter) Entry
r)
E_ENTRY_EXISTS
E_EXTENSION S(UCE) S(UCE)(13 S(UCE)(1
(13) ) 3)
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_OBJ (10)
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_VAL A(IAS)
E_INACTIVE_AGREEME
NT
E_INVALID_AGREEMEN
T
E_LOOP (5)
E_MATCH A(IM)
E_MISSED_PREVIOUS
E_MISSING_AVA
E_MISSING_OBJECT_C
LASS
E_MORE_CURR_UPD_RC
D
E_MULTI_DSA
E_NAMING_VIOLATION
E_NO_AGMT_W_THIS_D
SA
E_NO_ENTRIES_IN_ST
E_NON_LEAF_OPERATI
ON
E_NONNAMING_ATTRIB
UTE
E_NOT_SINGLE_VALUE
D
E_NO_SUCH_ATT
E_NO_SUCH_OBJECT
E_NO_SUCH_VALUE
E_OBJECT_CLASS_MOD
E_OBJECT_CLASS_VIO
L
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E_OUTSIDE_UOR
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Table List Search Search Abandon
10) (Filte (Filter) Entry
r)
E_PREVIOUSLY_COORD
E_REFERENCE
E_SCOPE
E_PREVIOUSLY_SOLIC
ITED
E_SYSTEM_PERM S(UWP) S(UWP) S(UWP) Ab(CA)
E_SYSTEM_TEMP S(UA) S(UA) S(UA) Ab(CA)
E_TIMEOUT S(TLE) S(TLE)(13 S(TLE)(1
(13) ) 3)
E_TIMESTAMP_MISMAT
CH
E_TOO_MANY_UPDATES
E_UNABLE_TO_COMPLE (B) S(B) S(B) Ab(CA)
TE
E_UNABLE_TO_PROCEE
D
E_UNCOORDINATED
E_UNDEFINED_ATT (6) (6)
E_UNRELIABLE_DATA
E_UNSOLICITED
E_UNSUPPORTED_OC
E_UNSUPPORTED_STRA
T
E_UNUSABLE_DATA
E_VERSION
E_ZERO_VALUES
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Coordina Update Request
Table 10) te Shadow Shadow
Shadow Update
Update
E_ACCESS
E_ADMIN_LIMIT
E_ALIAS_DEREF
E_ALIAS_LOOP
E_ALIAS_PROBLEM
E_ARG_BOUNDS
E_ARG_SYNTAX
E_ARG_VIOL
E_ATT_BOUNDS
E_ATT_OR_VALUE_EX
ISTS
E_ATT_SYNTAX
E_ATT_VALUE
E_AUTHENTICATION
E_BUSY SH(UT) SH(UT) SH(UT)
E_CANT_CONSTRUCT SH(UWP)
E_CANT_INCORPORAT SH(UWP)
E
E_CHAIN
E_CREDENTIALS
E_DBE
E_DIT_STRUCTURE
E_DN
E_DSA
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Table Coordina Update Request
10) te Shadow Shadow
Shadow Update
Update
E_ENTRY_EXISTS
E_EXTENSION
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_OBJ
E_ILLEGAL_ROOT_VAL
E_INACTIVE_AGREEME SH(IA) SH(IA) SH(IA)
NT
E_INVALID_AGREEMEN SH(IAID) SH(IAID) SH(IAID
T )
E_LOOP
E_MATCH
E_MISSED_PREVIOUS SH(MP) SH(MP)
E_MISSING_AVA
E_MISSING_OBJECT_C
LASS
E_MORE_CURR_UPD_RC SH(UAR)
D
E_MULTI_DSA
E_NAMING_VIOLATION
E_NO_AGMT_W_THIS_D SH(IAID) SH(IAID) SH(IAID
SA )
E_NO_ENTRIES_IN_ST SH(NI)
E_NON_LEAF_OPERATI
ON
E_NONNAMING_ATTRIB
UTE
E_NOT_SINGLE_VALUE
D
E_NO_SUCH_ATT SH(IIR)
E_NO_SUCH_OBJECT SH(IIR)
E_NO_SUCH_VALUE
E_OBJECT_CLASS_MOD
E_OBJECT_CLASS_VIO
L
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E_OUTSIDE_UOR SH(IIR)
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Table 13 - Error actions (continued)
Situation (See Table 11)
Symptom (See Table Coordina Update Request
10) te Shadow Shadow
Shadow Update
Update
E_PREVIOUSLY_COORD SH(IS)
E_REFERENCE
E_SCOPE
E_PREVIOUSLY_SOLIC SH(IS)
ITED
E_SYSTEM_PERM SH(UWP) SH(UWP) SH(UWP)
E_SYSTEM_TEMP SH(UT) SH(UT)
E_TIMEOUT
E_TIMESTAMP_MISMAT SH(FUR) SH(FUR)
CH
E_TOO_MANY_UPDATES SH(FUR)
E_UNABLE_TO_COMPLE
TE
E_UNABLE_TO_PROCEE
D
E_UNCOORDINATED SH(IS)
E_UNDEFINED_ATT
E_UNRELIABLE_DATA SH(FUR)
E_UNSOLICITED SH(IS)
E_UNSUPPORTED_OC
E_UNSUPPORTED_STRA SH(US) SH(US)
T
E_UNUSABLE_DATA SH(IIR)
E_VERSION
E_ZERO_VALUES
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Table 13 - Notes (continued)
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NOTES
1 Use A-U-ABORT. Note, however, that extra elements are
permitted here.
2 An "unable-to-proceed" error becomes SC(IC) for bind
and N(NSO) for operations if no DSA contacted can located
the object.
3 An undefined attributed encountered during name
resolution is only an error- N(NSO) - if the entry is
identified as local. See also Note 10 below.
4 The A(NSA) condition is reserved in the case of "read"
for the situation when no attribute of the specific list
provided can be returned (for reasons that include
security errors).
5 Any failure to propagate a search causes abandonment
of that part of the search.
6 Undefined attributes are regarded as not matched or
found, but cause no errors in search.
7 This error, if detected, should be ignored; processing
continues.
8 This error would occur as a result of a bind argument
with a name containing too many RDNs for the DSA. Use
either S(UA) or S(IC).
9 DSAs should use the time-limit service control with
local timeout to limit the remote validation of
credentials; if the operation fails as a result, S(UA) is
used.
10 For a single-entry search, N(NSO) may be used.
11 Either the whole attribute should be removed, or the
deleteOldRDNflag should be ignored.
12 Wherever S(UWP) appears in the above tables beside
EARGBOUNDS, a ROSE "Rej" is also admissible.
13 The error is returned when there are no partial
results, otherwise a partialOutcomeQualifier with the
appropriate limitProblem is returned (cf Directory
Documents, Part 3, item g of clause 12.8.2,and Part 3,
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Table 13 - Notes (concluded)
NOTES
14 If a DSA generates a chained operation on the basis
of a cross reference and receives a serviceError with the
problem of invalidReference in response, then it is
recommended that the invalid cross reference be removed
to eliminate repeated errors. Note that attempting to
resolve the correct reference via the returnCrossRefs
mechanism should be regarded as nonreliable due to the
optional nature of returnCrossRefs. The resolution of an
invalidReference due to a superior or subordinate
reference is a local administrative issue.
Table 14 - Simple credential fields and protected simple
authentication
Equivalent
Notation in
Simple Credential Directory
Field Documents, Part 8,
figure 2
name A
time1 tA 1
time2 tA 2
random1 qA 1
random2 qA 2
password protected2
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Annex A (normative)
Maintenance of Attribute Syntaxes
A.1 Introduction
The attribute types defined in the Directory Documents, Part 6,
and listed in table 1 have requirements, in DSAs which support
them, for underlying algorithms that:
a) check attribute values for syntactical correctness and
compliance with pragmatic constraints;
b) match attribute values (comparing for equality, for
matching substrings, and for relative ordering).
A.2 General Rules
A DSA may receive a legitimately encoded attribute or AVA that is
unsupported by the DSA. If the DSA is not required to act on it,
or to store it within an entry, it may handle it by passing it on
without error. Such attributes may also be used in search
filter-item definitions: in this case, no error is reported, but
the filter-item shall be deemed to be undefined for all entries
in the DSA. This rule applies to occurrences of attributes in
both operation arguments and results.
Conversely, a DSA must return a suitable error if an operation
requires it to act on or store an attribute or AVA of type
unsupported by the DSA. This constraint applies even for AVAs
that are contained in attributes that take names as values, since
the DSA will be unable correctly to match the attribute values
without this attribute information.
A.3 Checking Algorithms
The subclauses below give additional checks (beyond those
directly implied by the Directory Documents) which shall be
applied to attributes before they are stored in the DSA.
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A.3.1 distinguishedNameSyntax
Each component AVA must be checked, unregistered attribute types
comprising an error; check also that no two AVAs in the same RDN
have the same attribute type.
A.3.2 integerSyntax
Local implementations may apply local limitations.
A.3.3 telephoneNumberSyntax
The value of policing further rules is for further study (this
applies also to telexNumber, teletexTerminalIdentifier,
facsimileTelephoneNumber, G3FacsimileNonBasicParameters,
x121Address, and iSDNAddress).
A.3.4 countryName
The value must be checked for compliance with ISO 3166: 1981
(E/F). (Note that from time to time further codes may be
allocated.)
A.3.5 preferredDeliveryMethod
The values of the integer elements should not be restricted.
A.3.6 presentationAddress
No further checks should be applied.
A.4 Matching Algorithms
Matching algorithms are conveniently defined in terms of a
two-step process:
a) Take the checked reference value, and the value to be
matched, and, if necessary, reduce them to a canonical
(i.e., standard) form (normalization) appropriate to each
attribute syntax.
b) Carry out the comparison in the specified way (e.g.,
equality, substrings or ordering) using the appropriate
rules for the value - character string, integer, boolean,
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etc.
Note that the lexical ordering of character strings (when
supported) may be subject to local rules.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The combination of normalization and comparison
may be replaced, in a particular implementation, by equivalent
procedures. Additional notes on normalization are given below.
A.4.1 UTCTimeSyntax
If the "seconds" field is absent, it shall be inserted, and set
to "00", and the form converted to the "Z" form.Note. The
normalization strategy does not match times where the stored form
omits the seconds field, and the compared form contains it, e.g.,
8804261919Z
880426191926Z
(It might have been expected that these two forms,which coincide
in time to within a few seconds, would be considered identical.)
A.4.2 distinguishedNameSyntax
For each attribute value, carry out normalization in accordance
with the normalization rules defined for the type (if
registered); values corresponding to unregistered attribute types
are left unchanged at this stage.
A.4.3 caseIgnoreListSyntax
To facilitate matching, particularly for substrings,
normalization may be considered in terms of a representation
which replaces the separate ASN.1 elements by a single string
with a delimiter.
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Annex B (informative)
Glossary
The following abbreviations may be useful; not all are used
within these agreements.
ACL Access Control List
ACSE Association Control Service Element
ADDMD Administration Directory Management Domain
AETitle Application Entity Title
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
ASE Application Service Element
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation - 1
AVA Attribute Value Assertion
BRM Basic Reference Model
CA Certification Authority
CCITT The International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee
CEN Committee for European Normalization
CENELEC Committee for European Normalization Electronique
CEPT Committee of European Posts and Telephones
COS Corporation for Open Systems
DAP Directory Access Protocol
DIB Directory Information Base
DIT Directory Information Tree
DMD Directory Management Domains
DSA Directory System Agent
DSP Directory System Protocol
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DUA Directory User Agent
EWOS European Workshop for Open Systems
FTAM File Transfer, Access & Management
INTAP Interoperability Technical Association for
Information Processing, Japan
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO/IEC International Organization for Standardization
KT Knowledge Tree
LL Lower layers of OSI model (layers 1-4)
MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol
MHS Message Handling Systems
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NSAP Network Services Access Point
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PKCS Public Key Crypto System
POSI Promotion for Open System Interconnection
PRDMD Private Directory Management Domain
PSAP Presentation Service Access Point
RDN Relative Distinguished Name
ROSE Remote Operations Service Element
SSAP Session Service Access Point
SIG Special Interest Group
SPAG Standards Promotion & Application Group
TOP Technical and Office Protocols
TSAP Transport Service Access Point
UL Upper layers of OSI model (layers 5-7)
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UPU Universal Postal Union
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Annex C (informative)
Requirements for Distributed Operations
The following material is included for tutorial purposes, and
does not represent material additional to the Directory
Documents. It is also not intended as a complete statement of
requirements (the Distributed Operations part of the Directory
Documents should be referred to for a complete treatment).
C.1 General Requirements
DSAs supporting distributed operations and claiming support of
chaining must fully support DSP, as defined by the Directory
Documents. DSAs supporting distributed operations must always be
able to accept incoming DSP associations and invocations. DSAs
claiming support of chaining must support:
a) Loop detection
b) Loop avoidance
In passing on operations (when chaining or multi-casting), the
original DAP-supplied invocation must be passed on without change
of content. In particular, there must be no alteration in anyway
of any primitive content.
The support of a facility for returning cross-references
(Directory Documents, Part 4, clause 10.4.1) is optional.
To ensure that traceInformation can be analyzed properly, DSAs
shall only possess names that are compliant with the
recommendations of the Directory Documents, Part 7 (including
Annex B).
C.2 Protocol Support
C.2.1 Usage of ChainingArguments
When using ChainingArguments:2
a) originator need not be used if requestor in
2In this subclause, the names of protocol elements (within
ChainingArguments) are italicized.
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CommonArguments is used;
b) targetObject shall not be used unless the target object
differs from object/base object (if it is present,
object/base object are ignored for purposes of name
resolution);
c) operationProgress, traceInformation, aliasDereferenced,
aliasedRDNs, referenceType, and timeLimit shall be
generated, accepted, and used in accordance with the
Directory Documents;
d) returnCrossReferences and info may optionally be
generated, and shall always be accepted.
C.2.2 Usage of ChainingResults
When using ChainingResults:3 crossReferences and info may
optionally be generated, and shall always be accepted.
3In this subclause, the names of protocol elements (within
ChainingResults) are italicized.
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Annex D (informative)
Guidelines for Applications Using the Directory
D.1 Tutorial
D.1.1 Overview
Applications may have a requirement for Directory functionality.
This tutorial provides assistance to those groups intending to
specify Directory usage for a specific application (e.g., Message
Handling Systems).
D.1.2 Use of the Directory Schema
D.1.2.1 Use of Existing Object Classes
Applications wishing to use the Directory should have determined
within a standard, Implementor's Agreements, or on a propriety
basis, the relevant Directory schema for their objects. Consider
the following two examples:
a) Network management applications may with to define a
SMAE object class;
b) File transfer applications may with to define a File
Store object class.
Groups should examine relevant standards to determine if
application- specific object classes or attributes have been
already defined before considering any additional definition.
These object classes and attributes may be found in a variety of
places including a specific application standard (e.g.,
[Recommendation CCITT '88 X.402 | ISO 10021-2] and the Directory
Documents.). Standardized object classes and attributes should be
strongly considered before additional schema elements are
created.
D.1.2.2 Kinds of Object Classes
There are effectively two kinds of object classes permitted
within the Directory Documents: structural and auxiliary. The
terms structural and auxiliary are used here for convenience when
referring to particular kinds of object classes. The terms
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themselves are not defined in the Directory Documents.
Structural object classes have associated DIT structure rules
(which control naming). Entries of this object class type are
intended to be instantiated in Directory entries. A structural
object class provides information on the base mandatory and
optional content of a DIT entry.
An auxiliary object class provides information to enhance the
mandatory and optional contents of entries. It is always used in
conjunction with a structural object class.
The object class hierarchy is formed as a result of the
definition of structural object classes, and the addition of
auxiliary object classes.
For example, all object classes in the Directory Documents, Part
7, are structural except for strong Authentication User and
certification Authority. These two object classes should be
considered auxiliary and used in conjunction with other,
structural object classes.
D.1.2.3 Use of Unregistered Object Classes
The Directory Documents, Part 2, clause 9.4.1 provides a
"special" form of object class called "unregistered." An
unregistered object class is not assigned an object identifier.
One of the uses for unregistered object classes is to provide a
means of creating a single Directory entry which logically
represents a variety of object classes.Uses for unregistered
object classes include:
a) Locally adding attributes to a predefined superclass;
b) Locally making optional attribute types in a predefined
superclass mandatory;
c) Creating an object class derived from multiple
superclasses, without needless proliferation of registered
object classes.
For example, it may be advantageous to provide an entry which
represents a person who is both a MHS and a FTAM user.
Unregistered object classes may best be illustrated by example.
Consider an entry which represents a collection of company
entries for Fizzy Company whose users have MHS O/R addresses.
Using the guidelines above, the Fizzy Company defines an
unregistered object class using the structural object class
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organizationalPerson from the Directory Documents, Part 7, and
the auxiliary object class mhs-user from the MHS standards
[Recommendation X.402 j ISO 10021-2] as follows:
fizzyCompanyPerson ::= OBJECT-CLASS
SUBCLASS OF organizationalPerson,
mhs-user
MUST CONTAIN {}
MAY CONTAIN {}
Note that no object identifier is assigned.
Also note that since there are not MUST or MAY CONTAIN's in the
fizzyCompanyPerson Object Class, the last two lines of the object
class assignment (i.e., "MUST CONTAIN MAY CONTAIN") are
optional. As with the registered form of object classes, an
unregistered object class always inherits all the attributes in
any of its superclasses. There is no mechanism defined whereby a
subclass may selectively inherit attributes from its
superclasses.
An unregistered object class always appears as a leaf in the
Object Class tree. (i.e., An unregistered object class may not be
a superclass of some other object class).
Using unregistered object classes in conjunction with multiple
inheritance is useful as shown by figure 4 in which three ways
of creating the same two object classes are shown. Either three,
four, or five registered object classes are used.
Examples (a) and (c) in figure 4 are both better ways of
defining the object classes than that in example (b), even though
example (c) needs to use one more registered object class than
example(b). This is because the multiple inheritance technique,
used in examples (a) and (c), enables a Directory User searching
the Directory to easily create a filter to find all entries that
contain mhs-user attributes, based on a value in the object class
attribute (Each Directory entry contains a list of the object
identifiers of the object classes it has inherited from, so the
filter would just have to find all entries that held the object
identifier value of mhs-user).
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+---------------------------+---------------------+--------------
-------+
| per mhs ae | per ae | per mhs
ae |
| \ / \ / | | | | \ / \
/ |
| mhs-per[ur] mhs-ae[ur] | mhs-per mhs-ae | mhs-per
mhs-ae |
+---------------------------+---------------------+--------------
-------+
| Example a | Example b | Example c
|
+---------------------------+---------------------+--------------
-------+
| [ur] = unregistered
|
| per = person
|
| mhs = mhs-user
|
| ae = applicationEntity
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------
-------+
Figure 4 - Three ways of creating two object classes
Example (a), which uses three registered object classes, is
better than example (c), which uses five, because registering the
extra two object classes does not provide any advantage over not
registering them, and the first method avoids needless
proliferation of registered object classes.
D.1.2.4 Side Effects of Creating Unregistered Object Classes
This subclause discusses two side effects of creating
unregistered object classes.
a) When an unregistered object class is defined from a
single superclass, there is no means available to
distinguish between the two. Within the local scope for
which the unregistered class is defined, all relevant
entries are considered to belong to the unregistered class.
The following is an example of this problem:
An object class of oC1(reg) has attribute type at1 mandatory
and at2 optional. An unregistered form of this, oC1(unreg)is
created, which makes at2 mandatory. When an Add Entry
operation is received with both attributes present, the
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entry could belong to either form of oC1; it is
indeterminate. After the entry is added a Modify Entry
operation is received which requests the removal of
attribute type at2. It is not clear if this operation should
succeed, or whether an object class violation should be
reported. If the attribute may be removed, then the entry
belonged to the oC1(reg) object class and the unregistered
form never existed, otherwise if the attribute may not be
removed, then the entry belonged to oC1(unreg) and the
registered form no longer exists.
b) More than one unregistered object class cannot be
defined from the same superclass(es) for use within the same
local scope, as there is no means available to distinguish
the classes from one another.
D.2 Creation of New Object Classes
If no appropriate object class is available, a new object class
may be defined. This should only be done if no standardized
object classes and attributes can fulfill the requirements.
D.2.1 Creation of New Subclasses
Generally, an application-specific object class is defined as a
subclass of a pre-existing Directory object class. These object
classes are specified in the Directory Documents, Part 7. The
subclass may be structural or auxiliary. Optional attributes of
the superclass may be made mandatory. New attributes may also be
added.
For example, MHS has used the Directory structural object class
applicationEntity to derive the object class for their
MHS-specific application entity MTAs.
If absolutely no relevant object class is available, an object
class may be defined as a subclass of the basic object class
called "Top."
If no appropriate object class is available, a new object class
may be defined. This should only be undertaken if no standardized
object class can fulfill the requirements. When defining new
object classes the object-class macro, as defined in the
Directory Documents, Part 2, clause 9.4.6, should be used.
If new subclasses are defined, suggested or required name forms
may also be specified in text.
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D.2.2 Creation of New Attributes
If no appropriate attributes are available, a new attribute type
may be defined. This should only be undertaken if no standardized
attributes can fulfill the requirements. When defining new
attributes the attribute macro, as defined in the Directory
Documents, Part 2, clause 9.5.3, should be used.
D.3 DIT Structure Rules
Applications may desire to provide guidance on DIT structure
rules and naming. As with object classes, standardized or
suggested structure (including naming) rules from the Directory
Documents part 7, Annex B and application-specific standards
should be consulted before providing new structure rules. Annex B
in the Directory Documents, Part 7, provides guidelines on how to
specify this information. Structure rules associated with
superclasses should be adopted wherever suitable.
D.4 Use of AETITLE
Applications wishing to make use of the AETitle field to access
applicationEntity objects in the Directory are referred to
Amendment 1 to ISO8650 for guidance on the purpose and
appropriate useage of the AETitle field. In particular,
implementors should be aware that:
a) AETitle should be used to uniquely distinguish
individual application entities. It is inappropriate for
applications to define a fixed AETitle to apply to all its
instantiations;
b) The Directory does not perform name resolution on an
object identifier (e.g., AETitle name form 2). The
Directory does not support lookup based on OID, and AETitle
name form 2 does not constitute a Directory Distinguished
Name.
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Annex E (informative)
Template for an Application Specific Profile for Use of the
Directory
The template defined below should be used by OIW SIGs intending
to specify Directory usage. Such application specific profiles
shall be contained in application specific chapters of the OIW
agreements. The information under each heading should be filled
in (the text under each heading provides guidance on the meaning
of the heading and should not be included in the profile).
a) PROFILE TITLE
Application specific profiles are named in the following
way:
OIW <SIG-NAME> <DESCRIPTOR> DIRECTORY PROFILE
(e.g., OIW DIRECTORY STRONG AUTHENTICATION DIRECTORY PROFILE
)
b) OTHER PROFILES SUPPORTED
Other OIW Directory profiles which are to be used by this
specific application are listed here. Attributes, attribute
sets, object classes and structure rules that are referenced
in these profiles need not be enumerated below.
c) STANDARD APPLICATION SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTES AND ATTRIBUTE
SETS
Any attributes supported from the relevant standards. For
example, the MHS SIG might include mhs-or-address here.
d) STANDARD APPLICATION SPECIFIC OBJECT CLASSES
Any object classes supported from the relevant standards.
For example, the MHS SIG might include mhs-user here.
e) OIW APPLICATION SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTES AND ATTRIBUTE SETS
This, optional, component of this profile allows for the
specification of OIW application specific attributes and
attribute sets. This section of this template should be used
rarely and with consideration that no standard profile or
attribute/attribute set exists which can be used.
f) OIW APPLICATION SPECIFIC OBJECT CLASSES
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This, optional, component of this profile allows for the
specification of OIW application specific object classes.
This section of this template should be used rarely and with
consideration that no standard profile or object class
exists which can be used.
g) STRUCTURE RULES
Guidance for DIT structural rules, provided only when
structure rules associated with superclasses are not
adopted. The Directory Documents, Part 7, Annex B provide an
example and guideline to use in specifying this information.
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Annex F (informative)
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