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$Unique_ID{bob00201}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Indonesia
Statistical Profile of Indonesia}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
rate
indonesia
billion
natural
total
president
gas
indonesian
kalimantan
hear
audio
hear
sound
see
pictures
see
figures
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Hear National Anthem*60029010.aud
See Map of Indonesia*0020101.scf
See Flag of Indonesia*0020102.scf
}
Title: Indonesia
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Indonesia]
[See Flag of Indonesia]
Statistical Profile of Indonesia
Geography
Total area: 1,919,440 km2; land area: 1,826,440 km2
Comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: 2,602 km total; Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea
820 km
Coastline: 54,716 km
Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: East Timor question with Portugal
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Natural resources: crude oil, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite,
copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Land use: 8% arable land; 3% permanent crops; 7% meadows and pastures;
67% forest and woodland; 15% other; includes 3% irrigated
Environment: archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); occasional
floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis; deforestation
Note: straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea
lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
People
Population: 187,651,163 (July 1989), growth rate 1.9% (1989)
Birth rate: 28 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 80 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 57 years male, 61 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Indonesian(s); adjective--Indonesian
Ethnic divisions: majority of Malay stock comprising 45.0% Javanese, 14.0%
Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26.0% other
Religion: 88% Muslim, 6% Protestant, 3% Roman Catholic, 2% Hindu, 1%
other
Language: Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official); English
and Dutch leading foreign languages; local dialects, the most widely spoken
of which is Javanese
Literacy: 62%
Labor force: 67,000,000; 55% agriculture, 10% manufacturing,
4% construction, 3% transport and communications (1985 est.)
Organized labor: 3,000,000 members (claimed); about 5% of labor force
Government
Long-form name: Republic of Indonesia
Type: republic
Capital: Jakarta
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi,
singular--propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa,
singular--daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district**
(daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**,
Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat,
Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku,
Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan,
Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat,
Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta*
Independence: 17 August 1945 (from Netherlands; formerly Netherlands
or Dutch East Indies)
Constitution: August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949
and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Branches: executive headed by president, who is chief of state and head of
Cabinet; Cabinet selected by president; unicameral legislature (DPR or House of
Representatives) of 500 members (100 appointed, 400 elected); second body
(MPR or People's Consultative Assembly) of 1,000 members includes the
legislature and 500 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly
elected); MPR elects president and vice president and theoretically determines
national policy; judicial, Supreme Court is highest court
Leader:
Chief of State and Head of Government President Gen. (Ret.)
SOEHARTO (since 27 March 1968); Vice President Lt. Gen. (Ret.) SUDHARMONO
(since 11 March 1983)
Suffrage: universal over age 18 and married persons regardless of age
Elections: next parliamentary election in 1992; next presidential election
in 1993
Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official party based on
functional groups), Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Wahono; Indonesia Democracy Party
(PDI--federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties), Soeryad
(chairman) and Nicholas Daryanto (secretary general); United Development
Party (UDP, federation of former Islamic parties), John Naro
Voting strength: (23 April 1987 general election) Golkar 73%, UDP 16%,
PDI 11%
Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966;
current strength about 1,000-3,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized
activity; pre-October 1965 hardcore membership about 1.5 million
Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Association of Tin Producing Countries,
CCC, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA,
IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Abdul Rachman RAMLY;
Chancery at 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036;
telephone (202) 775-5200; there are Indonesian Consulates General in Houston,
New York, and Los Angeles, and Consulates in Chicago and San Francisco;
US--Ambassador Paul D. WOLFOWITZ; Embassy at Medan Merdeka Selatan 5,
Jakarta (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96356);
telephone [62] (21) 360-360; there are US Consulates in Medan and Surabaya
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the
flag of Monaco which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland which is
white (top) and red
Economy
Overview: Indonesia has extensive natural wealth but, with a large and
rapidly increasing population, it remains a relatively poor country. GNP growth
rates during the period 1985-87 were in the 2-3% range. Estimates show that the
economy must grow at a 4-5% annual rate to absorb the nearly 2 million workers
annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing,
is the most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and over 50% of the
labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer,
Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops--rubber and palm
oil--are being encouraged for both export and job generation. The diverse
natural resources include crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal.
Of these, the oil sector dominates the external economy, generating more than
60% of the government's revenues and over 50% of export earnings in 1987.
GNP: $69.0 billion, per capita $880; real growth rate 3.8% (1987)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.3% (1987)
Unemployment rate: 2.95% (1988)
Budget: revenues $10.5 billion; expenditures $13.9 billion, including
capital expenditures of $4.7 billion (FY88)
Exports: $16.5 billion (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--petroleum and
liquefied natural gas 55%, timber 10%, coffee 6%, rubber 5% (1986);
partners--Japan 45%, US 20%, Singapore 8%, EC 3% (1986)
Imports: $11.2 billion (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--machinery 25%,
chemical products 23%, base metals 12%, transport equipment 12%, food,
beverages, and tobacco 9%, textiles 5%, paper and printed matter 3% (1986);
partners--Japan 29%, US 14%, EC 13%, Singapore 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, (1986)
External debt: $51.5 billion, medium and long-term debt (1988)
Industrial production: growth rate 6.8% (1986)
Electricity: 11,000,000 kW capacity; 36,500 million kWh produced,
200 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: petroleum, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer
production, timber, food, rubber
Agriculture: subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation
production for export; rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, copra,
other tropical products; an illegal producer of cannabis for the international
drug trade
Aid: NA
Currency: Indonesian rupiah (plural--rupiahs);
1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used)
Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1--1,735.7 (January 1989),
1,685.7 (1988), 1,643.8 (1987), 1,282.6 (1986), 1,110.6 (1985)
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
Communications
Railroads: 6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter
gauge, 78 km 0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; all
government owned
Highways: 119,500 km total; 11,812 km state, 34,180 km provincial,
and 73,508 km district roads
Inland waterways: 21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura
820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Pipelines: crude oil, 2,505 km; refined products, 456 km; natural gas,
1,703 km (1989)
Ports: Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Ujungpandang,
Semarang, Surabaya
Merchant marine: 323 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,498,454
GRT/2,264,176 DWT; includes 5 short-sea passenger, 14 passenger-cargo,
173 cargo, 5 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier,
89 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker,
2 liquefied gas, 6 specialized tanker, 24 bulk
Civil air: about 70 major transport aircraft
Airports: 466 total, 434 usable; 104 with permanent-surface runways; 1
with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 62 with runways
1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: interisland microwave system and HF police net;
domestic service fair, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage
good; 763,000 telephones (1986); stations--618 AM, 38 FM, 9 TV; 1 international
satellite ground station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna);
1 domestic satellite communications system
Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Military manpower: males 15-49, 48,053,245; 28,416,931 fit for military
service; 2,040,135 reach military age (18) annually
Military budget: NA