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- S T M O N I T O R S A N D S C R E E N R E S O L U T I O N S
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- ---oOo---
-
- - some basic info, ideas and definitions from jfw -
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-
-
-
-
- Here's some snippets that I hope will be of use to anyone who's ever wondered
- whether a secondhand monitor would work with their ST.
-
- Read on for info on the ST's screen resolutions; the difference between a TV and
- a monitor; colour monitors, mono monitors and multi-sync monitors; buying a
- secondhand monitor; plus additional info about 'alien' monitors that will also
- work with the ST.
-
- To start with, let's have a look at the three screen resolutions that the ST is
- capable of and the screens you'll need to display them.
-
-
-
- The ST's screen resolutions
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- The ST can run in three different resolutions: low, medium or high.
-
-
- Low res = a screen 320 pixels wide x 200 pixels deep with 16 colours. Low
- res is mostly used for games, art programmes and colour graphics.
- It's great for colour but doesn't have the detail (i.e. number of
- pixels needed) for 'serious' programmes. Can be used on a TV or
- colour monitor.
-
-
- Med res = a 640 x 200 screen with 4 colours. Med res is mostly used for WP,
- reading text from the screen, utilities and other 'serious'
- programmes where more detail is needed on the screen. Can be used
- a TV or colour monitor.
-
-
- High res = a 640 x 400 screen with two colours: black and white. High res is
- used for DTP, heavyweight MIDI progs, and any other application
- where detail is far more important than colour.
-
- High resolution requires a high res monochrome monitor, but some,
- although not all, mono programmes can be run on a colour screen
- with a piece of software called a 'mono emulator', such as Sebra,
- MonoEmu or the commercial Monulator.
-
-
- The rule of thumb with screen resolutions is that the lower the resolution the
- more colours you can use, and the higher the res, the more detail you can have.
- Low res and med res programmes need a colour monitor or TV, and high res progs
- need a high res (monochrome) monitor. This means that you need two monitors to
- get the most from your ST, unless you're lucky enough to have a multi-sync
- monitor that can display all three resolutions on the same screen.
-
-
- But what's a Monitor, and how does it differ from a TV?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- A TV consists of a screen (a Cathode Ray Tube, or CRT) connected to a built-in
- television receiver. The screen quality tends to be on the low side as it's
- designed to be viewed from a distance.
-
- When you connect a TV to an ST, the Red, Green and Blue (RGB) signals from the
- computer are mixed together and are squirted down the co-axial lead (TV aerial-
- style) to the TV. The TV receiver then decodes the mixed signal into the
- separate RGB signals that the CRT needs. This, along with the lower quality of
- the hardware, means that a TV display tends to be blurred and unsteady.
-
- If your TV has a SCART socket (the flat D-shaped connector that you see on the
- back of most modern VCRs), then you can improve the display by investing in an
- 'ST to SCART' lead that plugs into the monitor socket and sends the ST's RGB
- signals to the TV without any form of mixing. This gives you a display that's
- almost - but not quite - as good as a colour monitor.
-
- A Monitor, on the other hand, is a high-quality television set without the
- television receiver. The CRT is built to a higher standard so that it can be
- viewed from a distance of two to three feet without causing eye-strain.
-
- The ST's RGB signals go straight to the monitor's CRT and this, along with its
- higher-quality hardware, means that the display will always be steady, clear and
- crisp.
-
-
- Colour Monitors
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- The most popular choices for a colour monitor are the Phillips 8833, the
- Commodore 1084 (a rebadged Phillips 8833) and Atari's own SC1224 and SC1435
- monitors. The SC1224 has a 12" screen, and the later SC1435 has a 14" screen and
- a swivel base. All of these give a good quality display and have amplifiers and
- speakers built into them.
-
- Another possibility is to use a colour monitor from an old Amstrad CPC 464 or
- CPC 6128 set-up. These were the first home computers to be supplied as a
- complete package (with either green or colour screens) and the colour monitor,
- although not up to the standard of the Phillips 8833, gives a far better display
- than a colour television. It can be connected to an ST via an easily made lead.
- Later versions of the 6128 used a different connector for the colour monitor:
- see the wiring diagram in the Lead 2 at the end of this article for more info.
-
-
- Mono Monitors
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- Back in 1984 Atari decided to design their new machine with the best display
- ever seen on a small computer. The result was the rock steady 640 x 400 pixel ST
- high resolution. This screen display is still good today and is particularly
- suitable for anyone who needs to work all day without the risk of eyestrain.
-
- The only drawback to high res is that it needs a special monitor, and thus can't
- be displayed on a TV or colour monitor. The reason for this is that high res
- mode uses a much higher synchronisation rate than either low or medium res, and
- this higher sync rate can only be matched by a dedicated monochrome monitor.
-
- "So why not use a PC monitor?" The trouble there is that most mono PC monitors
- only synchronise to 60Hz and are therefore unable to lock onto the ST's higher
- mono mode rate. But it is possible to link a colour SVGA screen to the ST to act
- as a mono monitor, and there's a diagram at the end of this article (Lead 1)
- that shows you how to make the lead you'll need.
-
- [See also: 'ST High res from a PC monitor' article elsewhere in this section.]
-
- I hadn't realised just how many different versions there are of the Atari mono
- monitor until I came to write this article. There's the original SM124 with its
- superb 12" non-glare, rock steady white phosphor screen, plus the almost
- identical SM 125 with its swivel base and extra controls, but what about the
- SM144, 146, 147, 194 and 195 models?
-
- The SM144 was Atari's first attempt at a 14" high res monitor. Poor quality
- control caused many of them to be returned under guarantee, and as a result it
- was soon replaced by the SM146 and SM147. These monitors have a flatter screen
- than the original 12" models and a more modern styling.
-
- The SM194 and SM195 were 19" high res monochrome monitors aimed at the
- professional end of the Atari TT market. (The TT, or 'Thirtytwo Thirtytwo', was
- a 68030-based machine that failed to sell in the UK because of its high price.)
- These monitors offer screen resolutions of up to 1,280 x 960 (the highest
- resolution possible on a TT) and were later renamed as the TTM194 and TTM195
- respectively. But this is all irrelevant really, because none of us are ever
- likely to see one, and I'm not sure if it could be connected to an ST in the
- first place!
-
-
- Multi-sync Monitors
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- The only way you can display all three resolutions on the same screen is with an
- expensive multi-sync monitor. If you're offered one of them, then check its
- specifications to see if it can synchronise down to 15 KHz. (Most modern
- monitors will only sync down to 30KHz and thus can't display the ST's colour
- modes.) If it can, and it's cheap, then you've got an ideal solution to the ST's
- 'two monitors needed' problem! The high res display will never be *quite* as
- good as a dedicated mono monitor, but the ability to switch between colour and
- mono modes by simply flicking a switch will probably make up for it.
-
- I know that NEC multi-syncs have been persuaded to work with STs [see KelAUG 9
- for more info and a wiring diagram], but there must be other makes and models
- that are capable of it. Any recommendations anyone?
-
-
- Final Thoughts
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- Atari mono and colour monitors can be bought secondhand for £30 - £50 now
- (depending on how much use they've had). The main things to watch out for are
- that the display is bright, steady and clear - with no flickering or distortion
- - and that there's no trace of screen burn. Screen burns occurs when the monitor
- has been left running for long periods, and results in a ghost image (usually of
- the Desktop) being burnt into the phosphor coating of the tube. This will be
- visible on the screen even when the monitor is turned off
-
- A good tip is to leave the monitor running for a good 30 minutes before parting
- with your money. If the screen's still clear and distortion free - and there's
- no nasty ozone smells or crackling coming from inside the case - then it's
- probably OK.
-
-
- john
-
-
-
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- All info comes from Paul Rossiter's 'Monitors' article in
- ST Applications, issue 40 (April 1994), and back issues of Sten.
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-
-
-
- Lead 1 : to connect a VGA monitor for ST high res use
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- [See also the 'PC Monitor as ST mono screen' article in this issue]
-
-
- Numerals = pin numbers on relevant connectors.
-
-
- ST monitor connector PC connector
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- +-------- 1 Red
- |
- 11 (mono out) ------------------------------------------ 2 Green
- |
- +-------- 3 Blue
-
- 12 (vertical sync) ------------------------------------- 14
-
- 9 (horizontal sync) ----------------------------------- 13
-
- 13 (ground) -------------------------------------------- 4, 5, 6, 7,
- | 8, 10, 11
- 4 (mono detect) --------+
-
- 1 (audio out) ----------------------------------------- to amplifier
-
-
- Maplins part: JW95D Maplins part: JW78K
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Lead 2 : to connect an Amstrad CPC 464 or 6128 monitor for ST colour use
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-
- ST Amstrad
- ~~ ~~~~~~~
-
-
- 7 (Red) -----------------RRRRR------------------------- Red
-
- 6 (Green) -----------------RRRRR------------------------- Green
-
- 10 (Blue) -----------------RRRRR------------------------- Blue
-
- 12 (VSync) ------ZZZZZ--------------+
- |--------------------- Sync
- 9 (HSync) ------ZZZZZ--------------+
-
- 13 (Ground) ----------------------------------------------- Ground
-
- 1 (Audio) ----------------------------------------------- to amplifier
-
-
- RRRRR = 47 ohm 0.25 watt resistor + ZZZZ = 4700 ohm 0.25watt resistor
-
-
-
- NB: the 6128 used an 8 pin connector, compared to the the 464's 6 pin one, so
- here's the layouts for both of them. (These plugs are in fact round...)
-
-
-
- /---[]---\ /---------\
- / \ / 2,G \
- /5,Grnd 1,R\ / 4,R 3,n/c\
- | | | |
- | 6,n/c | | 8,Grnd |
- | | | 1,Sync 5,B|
- \4,Sync 2,G/ \ /
- \ / \7,AudL AudR6/
- \ 3,B / \ /
- -------- ----------
-
- OLD (464) CONNECTOR NEW (6128) CONNECTOR
-
-
- Maplins part no: HH44X (6 pin DIN) Maplins: FJ97F (8 PIN DIN)
-
-
- Cable = Maplins 9-way screened: XR26D
-
-
-
-
- ~~~ eof ~~~
-