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GNU Info File
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1996-09-28
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838 lines
This is Info file ../info/gnus, produced by Makeinfo-1.54 from the
input file gnus.texi.
This file documents GNUS, the GNU Emacs newsreader.
Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms
of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions.
File: gnus, Node: Names of Kill Files, Next: Background Kills, Prev: Kill File Example, Up: Kill File
Names of Kill Files
===================
Kill files are kept in the directory specified by the variable
`gnus-kill-files-directory'; its default value is `~/News'. The
variable `gnus-kill-file-name' specifies the global kill file's name
within that directory; the default is `KILL'.
The name of a local kill file is based on the newsgroup's name. If
the variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is non-`nil', then the file name
is `NEWSGROUP.KILL'. Otherwise, it is `NEWS/GROUP/KILL', where the
subdirectory name is made from the newsgroup name by changing all
periods to slashes.
File: gnus, Node: Background Kills, Next: Advanced Kills, Prev: Names of Kill Files, Up: Kill File
Background Kill Processing
==========================
Kill processing can take a long time. If you don't want to wait for
it, try background kill processing using the following shell command:
emacs -batch -l gnus -f gnus-batch-kill NEWSGROUPS...
where NEWSGROUPS are newsgroup names separated by whitespace. `!'
preceding a newsgroup name means negation, and `all' specifies all
newsgroups not yet decided. These interpretations are the same as the
options line of the startup file (*note Startup File::.).
File: gnus, Node: Advanced Kills, Prev: Background Kills, Up: Kill File
Advanced Kill Processing
========================
Internally, applying kills means to run the hook
`gnus-apply-kill-hook'. It is called after the Summary buffer is
prepared for a selected newsgroup. The default hook is the function
`gnus-apply-kill-file' which loads a global kill file and a local kill
file in this order. A different style of the kill processing can be
implemented by customizing this hook.
For example, if you don't have a global kill file, you can use the
following hook which applies only a local kill file. This change can
save the time for checking the existence of a global kill file.
;; Get rid of the default hook.
(setq gnus-apply-kill-hook nil)
(add-hook 'gnus-apply-kill-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Apply a local kill file.
(load (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file gnus-newsgroup-name) t nil t)))
(As usual, you can put as many functions as you wish into this hook.
What is not usual is the fact that the hook is not initially empty.
Therefore, if you don't want the default hook value, you must set the
hook variable to `nil'.)
In contrast, the following example enables only a global kill file.
;; Get rid of the default hook.
(setq gnus-apply-kill-hook nil)
(add-hook 'gnus-apply-kill-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Apply a global kill file.
(load (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file nil) t nil t)))
Here is an advanced example that drastically reduces the time for
applying kill files. This hook does the kill processing directly
without loading the kill files.
;; Get rid of the default hook.
(setq gnus-apply-kill-hook nil)
(add-hook 'gnus-apply-kill-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Apply to the newsgroup `control'
;; if the NNTP server is flab.
(and (string-equal gnus-nntp-server "flab")
(string-equal gnus-newsgroup-name "control")
(progn
(gnus-kill "Subject" "ihave flab\\|sendme")
(gnus-kill "Subject" "cancel\\|newgroup\\|rmgroup" "d")
(gnus-expunge "X")))))
File: gnus, Node: Customization, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Troubleshooting, Up: Top
Customizing GNUS
****************
Appendix A describes the variables and hooks for simple customization
and the variables for localization.
* Menu:
* Variables:: Variables for customizing GNUS.
* NNTP Variables:: Variables for localizing NNTP environment.
* Spool Variables:: Variables for localizing news spool environment.
* Directory Variables:: Variables for localizing private directory environment.
* Hooks:: Function hooks for customizing GNUS.
File: gnus, Node: Variables, Next: NNTP Variables, Up: Customization
Common Variables
================
`gnus-nntp-server'
Specifies the name of the host running the NNTP server. The
variable is initialized from the `NNTPSERVER' environment
variable. If the server name is preceded by a colon such as
`:Mail', the user's private directory `~/Mail' is used as a news
spool. *Note Finding the News::, for more information.
`gnus-nntp-service'
Specifies a service name of NNTP, usually a string `"nntp"'. In a
few instances, it must be the number `119'. To use a local news
spool of your machine rather than NNTP, set the variable to `nil'.
*Note Finding the News::, for more information.
`gnus-local-domain'
Specifies the domain which is the domain part of your mail address
excluding the local host name of your machine. The environment
variable `DOMAINNAME' is used instead if defined. If the function
`system-name' returns the full Internet name, there is no need to
define the domain.
`gnus-local-organization'
Specifies the organization you belong to. The environment variable
`ORGANIZATION' is used instead if defined. If the value begins
with a slash, it is taken as the name of a file whose contents are
read for the value.
`gnus-local-timezone'
Specifies the local time zone you belong to. The value can be
either a time zone name such as `"JST"' or a difference in hour
from GMT such as `+0900'. If the variable is non-`nil', a general
time zone handling package `timezone.el' is used to generate a
valid date for `Date:' field in terms of RFC822. Otherwise, if it
is nil, GNUS generate a date ignoring the local time zone. If you
are using Bnews, it is okay since `inews' will rewrite the invalid
date. However, if you are using Cnews or INN, you must set the
variable to the correct time zone or remove `Date' from the
variable `gnus-required-headers' since their `inews' do not
rewrite the wrong `Date:' field.
If you want to display the time of articles in your local time
zone, call the function `gnus-gmt-to-local' from the hook
`gnus-article-prepare-hook'.
`gnus-local-distributions'
Specifies a list of distributions. The head of the list is used as
default. Each element of the list must be a string. If
distributions file is available, its content is also used as
distributions.
`gnus-use-generic-from'
Non-`nil' means the local host name of your machine will not appear
in the `From:' field of article headers. If the variable is a
string, it is used as your domain instead of the definition by the
variable `gnus-local-domain' or the environment variable
`DOMAINNAME'.
`gnus-use-generic-path'
Non-`nil' means the NNTP server name will not appear in the
`Path:' field of article headers. If the variable is a string, it
is used in the `Path:' field as the NNTP server name instead of the
definition by the variable `gnus-nntp-server'.
`gnus-ignored-newsgroups'
Specify a regular expression used to ignore uninterested
newsgroups in the active file. Any lines in the active file
matching this regular expression are removed from the newsgroup
list before anything else is done to it, thus making them
effectively invisible. There is no way to know what newsgroups
there are if they are ignored.
`gnus-ignored-headers'
Specifies header fields which should be ignored in an article.
`gnus-required-headers'
Specifies header fields which should be included in an article you
will post. RFC977 and RFC1036 require From, Date, Newsgroups,
Subject, Message-ID and Path fields. Organization, Distribution
and Lines are optional. If you want GNUS not to generate some
fields, remove them from the variable. If news system is Cnews,
you may have to remove Date and to add Lines.
`gnus-startup-file'
Specifies a startup file of the Bnews system, usually `.newsrc'.
If there is a file named `.newsrc-SERVER', it is used instead when
talking to SERVER. *Note Startup File::, for more information.
`gnus-signature-file'
Specifies a signature file of the Bnews system, usually
`.signature'. The signature file is processed by the function
`gnus-inews-insert-signature' called from the hook
`gnus-prepare-article-hook' by default. If there is a file named
`.signature-DISTRIBUTION', it is used instead when the
distribution of the article is DISTRIBUTION. Set the variable to
`nil' to prevent appending the signature file automatically.
`gnus-use-cross-reference'
Specifies what to do with cross references (`Xref:' field). If it
is `nil', cross references are ignored. If it is `t', articles in
subscribed newsgroups are only marked as read. Otherwise, if it
is not `nil' nor `t', articles in all newsgroups are marked as
read.
`gnus-use-followup-to'
Specifies what to do with `Followup-To:' field. If it is `nil',
its value is ignored. If it is non-`nil', its value is used as
followup newsgroups. Especially, if it is `t' and you are going
to followup to an article in which `poster' is specified, your
confirmation is required.
`gnus-use-full-window'
Non-`nil' means to take up the entire screen of Emacs. If the
variable is `nil', the windows used by GNUS will be restricted to
the bounds of the original window. This is very useful if you
want to read articles while you do other work in other windows.
`gnus-window-configuration'
Specifies the configuration of the Group Mode window, the Summary
Mode window, and the Article Mode window. The window
configuration can be specified for each action of GNUS (e.g.
selecting a newsgroup or selecting an article). This is quite
useful if you are using a slow terminal since the update of Emacs
windows can be minimized by displaying these three windows same
time.
The variable must be a list of `(ACTION (G S A))', where ACTION is
an action being performed, and G, S, and A are the relative
heights of the Group Mode window, the Summary Mode window, and the
Article Mode window, respectively. ACTION is `summary',
`newsgroups', or `article'.
The following example is the default window configuration:
(setq gnus-window-configuration
'((summary (0 1 0))
(newsgroups (1 0 0))
(article (0 3 10))))
The following is an example of yet another two windows mode.
Article buffer is always displayed on a screen. This is useful on
a slow terminal.
(setq gnus-window-configuration
'((summary (0 1 0))
(newsgroups (1 0 3))
(article (0 1 3))))
The following is an example of three windows mode. Three buffers
are always displayed on a screen. This is also useful on a slow
terminal.
(setq gnus-window-configuration
'((summary (1 4 0))
(newsgroups (1 1 3))
(article (1 1 3))))
`gnus-large-newsgroup'
Specifies the number of the articles which indicates a large
newsgroup. If the number of articles in a newsgroup is greater
than this value, the number of articles to be selected is asked
for. If the given value N is positive, the last N articles are
selected. If N is negative, the first N articles are selected.
An empty string means to select all articles.
`gnus-author-copy'
Specifies a file name saving a copy of an article posted using
`FCC:' field. The variable is initialized from the `AUTHORCOPY'
environment variable. The specified file name is inserted in
`FCC:' field, so you have a chance to change the file name or
disable saving a copy by editing this field.
The `FCC:' field is processed by the function `gnus-inews-do-fcc'
called from the hook `gnus-inews-article-hook' by default. Unless
the first character of the field is ``|'', the article is saved to
the specified file using the function specified by the variable
`gnus-author-copy-saver'. The default function `rmail-output'
saves in Unix mailbox format. Instead, if the first character is
``|'', the contents of the article is send to a program specified
by the rest of the value. For example, articles can be saved in
an MH folder by the following:
(setq gnus-author-copy
"|/usr/local/lib/mh/rcvstore +Article")
`gnus-author-copy-saver'
Specifies a function to save an author copy to. The function is
called with a file name to save a copy to. The default function
`rmail-output' saves in Unix mailbox format.
`gnus-use-long-file-name'
Non-`nil' means that a newsgroup name is used as a default file
name to save articles to. If it is `nil', the directory form of a
newsgroup name is used instead. It is set to nil by default if the
variable `system-type' is either `usg-unix-v' or `xenix'.
`gnus-mail-save-name'
`gnus-rmail-save-name'
`gnus-folder-save-name'
`gnus-file-save-name'
Specifies a function generating a file name to save articles to.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional
LAST-NAME. NEWSGROUP is a string representing the current
newsgroup name. HEADERS is a vector containing headers of the
current article. Macros and functions accessing contents of the
HEADERS are defined as `nntp-header-FIELD' and
`gnus-header-FIELD', respectively. The following functions are
provided as file name generators by default:
`gnus-numeric-save-name'
Return a file name like `NEWS.GROUP/NUMBER' or
`NEWS/GROUP/NUMBER' according to the variable
`gnus-use-long-file-name'.
`gnus-Numeric-save-name'
Return a file name like `NEWS.GROUP/NUMBER' or
`NEWS/GROUP/NUMBER' according to the variable
`gnus-use-long-file-name'.
`gnus-plain-save-name'
Return a file name like `NEWS.GROUP' or `NEWS/GROUP/news'
according to the variable `gnus-use-long-file-name'.
`gnus-Plain-save-name'
Return a file name like `NEWS.GROUP' or `NEWS/GROUP/news'
according to the variable `gnus-use-long-file-name'.
`gnus-folder-save-name'
Return a folder name like `+NEWS.GROUP' or `+NEWS/GROUP'
according to the variable `gnus-use-long-file-name'.
`gnus-Folder-save-name'
Return a folder name like `+NEWS.GROUP' or `+NEWS/GROUP'
according to the variable `gnus-use-long-file-name'.
`gnus-default-article-saver'
Specifies a function to save articles in your favorite format
using the command `gnus-summary-save-article'. The function must
be interactively funcallable. In other words, it must be an Emacs
command. The functions currently provided are as follows:
`gnus-summary-save-in-mail'
Save articles in Unix mailbox format.
`gnus-summary-save-in-rmail'
Save articles in Rmail format.
`gnus-summary-save-in-folder'
Save articles in an MH folder.
`gnus-summary-save-in-file'
Save articles in article format.
`gnus-article-save-directory'
Specifies a directory name to save articles in using the commands
`gnus-summary-save-in-mail', `gnus-summary-save-in-rmail', and
`gnus-summary-save-in-file'. The variable is initialized from the
`SAVEDIR' environment variable. Its default value is `~/News'.
`gnus-kill-files-directory'
Specifies a directory name to save KILL files in using the commands
`gnus-edit-global-kill', and `gnus-edit-local-kill'. The variable
is initialized from the `SAVEDIR' environment variable. Its
default value is `~/News'.
`gnus-kill-file-name'
Specifies a file name of kill file (*note Kill File::.). Its
default value is `KILL'.
`gnus-novice-user'
Non-`nil' means you are a novice to USENET. If it is non-`nil',
verbose messages may be displayed or your confirmations may be
required.
`gnus-interactive-catchup'
Non-`nil' means that your confirmation is required when catching up
a newsgroup in Group mode.
`gnus-interactive-post'
Non-`nil' means that newsgroup, subject, and distribution are asked
for interactively when composing a new article.
`gnus-interactive-exit'
Non-`nil' means that your confirmation is required when exiting
GNUS.
`gnus-user-login-name'
Specifies your login name. The login name is got from the
`LOGNAME' and `USER' environment variables and the function
`user-login-name', if undefined.
`gnus-user-full-name'
Specifies your full name. The full name is got from the `NAME'
environment variable and the function `user-full-name', if
undefined.
`gnus-show-all-headers'
Non-`nil' means all headers of an article are shown.
`gnus-save-all-headers'
Non-`nil' means all headers of an article are saved in a file.
`gnus-show-mime'
Non-`nil' means process a MIME message. The message is processed
by the function specified by the variable `gnus-show-mime-method'.
`gnus-show-threads'
Non-`nil' means conversation threads are displayed in a tree
structured form according to references in Summary Mode.
`gnus-thread-hide-subject'
Non-`nil' means subjects of lower level threads are hidden if the
thread-based reading is turned on.
`gnus-thread-hide-subtree'
Non-`nil' means thread subtrees are hidden initially. If thread
subtrees are hidden, you have to run the command
`gnus-summary-show-thread' by hand or by using
`gnus-select-article-hook' to show them.
`gnus-thread-hide-killed'
Non-`nil' means killed thread subtrees are hidden automatically.
`gnus-thread-ignore-subject'
Non-`nil' means subject differences are ignored but only references
are taken into account in constructing threads trees. If it is
non-`nil' and thread subtrees are hidden, some commands that work
with subjects may not work properly.
`gnus-thread-indent-level'
Specifies indentation level of thread subtrees.
`gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup'
Non-`nil' means visible articles are automatically extended to
forward and backward if possible when the commands `N' and `P'
(`gnus-summary-next-article' and `gnus-summary-prev-article') are
executed in Summary Mode.
`gnus-auto-select-first'
Non-`nil' means the first unread article is selected automatically
when a newsgroup is selected. If you'd like to prevent automatic
selection of the first unread article in some newsgroups, set the
variable to `nil' in the hook `gnus-select-group-hook' or
`gnus-apply-kill-hook' (*note Hooks::.).
`gnus-auto-select-next'
Non-`nil' means the next newsgroup is selected automatically at the
end of the newsgroup. If the value is `t' and the next newsgroup
is empty (no unread articles), GNUS will exit Summary Mode and go
back to Group Mode. If the value is neither `nil' nor `t', GNUS
won't exit Summary Mode but will select the following unread
newsgroup. If the value is `quietly', the next unread newsgroup
will be selected without any confirmations.
`gnus-auto-select-same'
Non-`nil' means an article with the same subject as the current
article is selected automatically like `rn -S'.
`gnus-auto-center-summary'
Non-`nil' means that the cursor is always kept centered in the
Summary Mode window.
`gnus-auto-mail-to-author'
Non-`nil' means that inserts `To:' field which is filled with the
author of the article when followuping. Mail is sent using the
function specified by the variable `gnus-mail-send-method'.
`gnus-break-pages'
Non-`nil' means an article is broken into pages at page delimiters.
The page delimiter is specified by the variable
`gnus-page-delimiter'. This may not work with some versions of GNU
Emacs earlier than version 18.50.
`gnus-page-delimiter'
Specifies regexp describing line-beginnings that separate pages of
articles. Its default value is `"^\^L"'.
`gnus-digest-show-summary'
Non-`nil' means that a summary of digest messages is shown when
reading a digest article using the command
`gnus-summary-rmail-digest'.
`gnus-digest-separator'
Specifies a regexp which separates messages in a digest article.
Changes to this variable only affect the commands
`gnus-summary-next-digest' and `gnus-summary-prev-digest', but not
the command `gnus-summary-rmail-digest'.
`gnus-optional-headers'
Specifies a function which generates an optional string displayed
in the Summary buffer. The function is called with an article
HEADERS, and must return a string excluding `[' and `]'. HEADERS
is a vector containing headers of the current article. Macros and
functions accessing contents of the HEADERS are defined as
`nntp-header-FIELD' and `gnus-header-FIELD', respectively.
GNUS provides two functions as follows:
`gnus-optional-lines-and-from'
Return a string like "NNN:AUTHOR", where NNN is the number of
lines in an article and AUTHOR is the name of the author.
`gnus-optional-lines'
Return a string like "NNN", where NNN is the number of lines
in an article.
*Note Hooks::, to change optional headers according to selected
newsgroups.
`gnus-show-mime-method'
Specifies a function to process a MIME message in current buffer.
The function `metamail-buffer' which process the buffer through
`metamail' is called by default.
`gnus-mail-reply-method'
Specifies a function to begin composing reply mail messages. The
function will be called with an optional argument which means yank
original article automatically if non-`nil'. To use Mail Mode, set
the variable to `gnus-mail-reply-using-mail'. To use mh-e letter
Mode, set the variable to `gnus-mail-reply-using-mhe'.
`gnus-mail-forward-method'
Specifies a function to forward the current message to another
user. To use Mail Mode, set the variable to
`gnus-mail-forward-using-mail'. To use mh-e letter Mode, set the
variable to `gnus-mail-forward-using-mhe'.
`gnus-mail-other-window-method'
Specifies a function to begin composing mail messages in other
window. To use Mail Mode, set the variable to
`gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail'. To use mh-e letter Mode, set
the variable to `gnus-mail-other-window-using-mhe'.
`gnus-mail-send-method'
Specifies a function to mail a message too which is being posted
as an article. The message must have `To:' or `Cc:' field. The
value of the variable `send-mail-function' is the default function
which uses sendmail mail program.
`gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method'
Specifies a function called with a newsgroup name when a new
newsgroup is found. GNUS provides the following three functions:
`gnus-subscribe-randomly'
Inserts a new newsgroup at the beginning of newsgroups. Thus,
newsgroups are in random order.
`gnus-subscribe-alphabetically'
Inserts a new newsgroup in strict alphabetic order.
`gnus-subscribe-hierarchically'
Inserts a new newsgroup in hierarchical newsgroup order.
`gnus-subscribe-interactively'
Asks for your decision about a new newsgroup subscription,
and inserts it in hierarchical newsgroup order if it is
subscribed. Unless, it is killed.
The following two definitions illustrate how to write your favorite
subscribing method. The following definition (is the definition
of the function gnus-subscribe-randomly) adds new newsgroup at the
beginning of newsgroups:
(setq gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method
'(lambda (newsgroup)
(gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newsgroup
(car (car gnus-newsrc-assoc)))))
Instead, if you want to add new newsgroup at the end of
newsgroups, use the following:
(setq gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method
'(lambda (newsgroup)
(gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newsgroup nil)))
If you want to prevent adding new newsgroups automatically and
want to subscribe them later using the command `U'
(`gnus-group-unsubscribe-group') in the Newsgroup buffer, use the
following:
(setq gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method
'(lambda (newsgroup) nil)) ;Do nothing.
The following final example must be the most useful for you who
want not to add new newsgroups automatically. This definition
subscribes a new newsgroup first, and then kills it. The killed
newsgroups can be added to the subscription list interactively
using Browse-Killed Mode (*note Maintaining Subscriptions::.).
(setq gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method
'(lambda (newsgroup)
(gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newsgroup)
(gnus-kill-newsgroup newsgroup)))
File: gnus, Node: NNTP Variables, Next: Spool Variables, Prev: Variables, Up: Customization
NNTP Specific Variables
=======================
`nntp-buggy-select'
Non-`nil' means the select routine of your operating system is
buggy. GNUS may hang up while waiting for NNTP server responses.
The problem may be solved by setting the variable to `t'.
`nntp-maximum-request'
Specifies the maximum number of requests to be sent to the NNTP
server at one time. GNUS may hang up while retrieving headers of
a large newsgroup because sending many requests to the NNTP server
without reading replies to them causes deadlock. In this case,
set the variable to a lower number.
`nntp-large-newsgroup'
Specifies the number of articles which indicates a large
newsgroup. If the number of articles is greater than the value,
verbose messages will be shown to indicate the current status.
`nntp-debug-read'
Non-`nil' means display dots "..." every 10000 bytes of a message
being received. If it is a number, dots are displayed per the
number. Set the variable to `nil' if you are annoyed about
verbose messages while reading news from slow terminal.
`tcp-program-name'
This variable specifies the name of the program which establishes
communications between Emacs and the NNTP server. Its default
value is `"tcp"'. (the program `tcp' comes with GNU Emacs.) This
variable is relevant only if you load the library `tcp.el', which
you should do only if your Emacs does not have the function
`open-network-stream'.
File: gnus, Node: Spool Variables, Next: Directory Variables, Prev: NNTP Variables, Up: Customization
Local News Spool Specific Variables
===================================
`nnspool-inews-program'
Specifies a program to post news. This is default to the variable
`news-inews-program' which is default to `inews'.
`nnspool-inews-switches'
Specifies switches for the function `nnspool-request-post' to pass
to the command `inews' for posting news. Its default value is
`("-h")'.
`nnspool-spool-directory'
Specifies a directory of a local news spool. This is default to
the variable `news-path' which is default to `/usr/spool/news'.
`nnspool-active-file'
Specifies an active file of the system for a local news spool. Its
default value is `/usr/lib/news/active'.
`nnspool-newsgroups-file'
Specifies an newsgroups file of the system for a local news spool.
Its default value is `/usr/lib/news/newsgroups'.
`nnspool-distributions-file'
Specifies an distributions file of the system for a local news
spool. Its default value is `/usr/lib/news/distributions'.
`nnspool-history-file'
Specifies a history file of the system for a local news spool. Its
default value is `/usr/lib/news/history'. Some machines may not
have this file. In this case, commands to refer to articles by
Message-IDs will not work at all (*note Referencing Articles::.).
File: gnus, Node: Directory Variables, Next: Hooks, Prev: Spool Variables, Up: Customization
Private Directory Specific Variables
====================================
`mhspool-list-folders-method'
Specifies a function to fill the current buffer with file and
directory names for a given directory name. The output format
must be the same as that of the Unix command `ls -R1'. Two
functions `mhspool-list-folders-using-ls' and
`mhspool-list-folders-using-sh' are provided now.
`mhspool-list-directory-switches'
Specifies switches for the function `mhspool-list-folders-using-ls'
to pass to the command `ls' for getting file listings in a private
directory. There should be one entry for each line. Its default
value is `("-R")'. Some machines may require the `("-R1")' switch.
File: gnus, Node: Hooks, Prev: Directory Variables, Up: Customization
Function Hooks
==============
`gnus-group-mode-hook'
Called with no arguments after initializing Group Mode if its
value is non-`nil'. This hook is intended to customize Group Mode
only once. It is possible to define or change the NNTP server as
you like in this hook since the hook is called before GNUS is
connected to an NNTP server.
`gnus-summary-mode-hook'
Called with no arguments after initializing Summary Mode if its
value is non-`nil'. This hook is intended to customize Summary
Mode only once. All sorts of searches in Summary Mode normally
ignore the case of the text they are searching through. If you do
not want to ignore the case, set the variable `case-fold-search'
to `nil' in this hook.
The following example shows how to assign the functions
`gnus-summary-next-group' and `gnus-summary-prev-group' to keys in
Summary Mode.
(setq gnus-summary-mode-hook
'(lambda ()
(local-set-key "\C-cn" 'gnus-summary-next-group)
(local-set-key "\C-cp" 'gnus-summary-prev-group)))
`gnus-article-mode-hook'
Called with no arguments after initializing Article Mode if its
value is non-`nil'. This hook is intended to customize Article
Mode only once.
`gnus-kill-file-mode-hook'
Called with no arguments after initializing Kill-File Mode if its
value is non-`nil'.
`gnus-browse-killed-mode-hook'
Called with no arguments after initializing Browse-Killed Mode if
its value is non-`nil'.
`gnus-open-server-hook'
Called with no arguments just before opening a connection to NNTP
server if its value is non-`nil'.
`gnus-startup-hook'
Called with no arguments after an NNTP server is successfully
connected to if its value is non-`nil'. It is possible to change
the behavior of GNUS according to the server.
`gnus-group-prepare-hook'
Called with no arguments after a list of newsgroups is prepared in
the Newsgroup buffer. This hook is intended to modify the buffer.
`gnus-summary-prepare-hook'
Called with no arguments after list of subjects is prepared in the
Summary buffer. This hook is intended to modify the buffer.
`gnus-article-prepare-hook'
Called with no arguments after an article is prepared in the
Article buffer. This hook is intended to modify the buffer. For
example, kanji code conversion or un-ROT13/47-ing can be done in
this hook.
`gnus-select-group-hook'
Called with no arguments when a newsgroup is selected. This hook
is intended to change the behavior of GNUS according to the
selected newsgroup.
The following is an example of sorting the headers listed in the
Summary buffer by date and then by subject. Preceding `Re:' of
subjects is ignored while comparing subjects.
(setq gnus-select-group-hook
'(lambda ()
;; First of all, sort by date.
(gnus-keysort-headers
(function string-lessp)
(function
(lambda (a)
(gnus-sortable-date (gnus-header-date a)))))
;; Then sort by subject ignoring `Re:'.
(gnus-keysort-headers
(function string-lessp)
(function
(lambda (a)
(if case-fold-search
(downcase (gnus-simplify-subject (gnus-header-subject a) t))
(gnus-simplify-subject (gnus-header-subject a) t)))))
))
The following is an example of simplifying subjects like the
`gnus-summary-next-same-subject' command does:
(setq gnus-select-group-hook
'(lambda ()
(mapcar (function
(lambda (header)
(nntp-set-header-subject
header
(gnus-simplify-subject
(gnus-header-subject header) 're-only))))
gnus-newsgroup-headers)))
In some newsgroups, author names are meaningless. It is possible
to prevent listing author names in the Summary buffer as follows:
(setq gnus-select-group-hook
'(lambda ()
(cond ((string-equal "comp.sources.unix"
gnus-newsgroup-name)
(setq gnus-optional-headers
(function gnus-optional-lines)))
(t
(setq gnus-optional-headers
(function
gnus-optional-lines-and-from))))))
`gnus-select-article-hook'
Called with no arguments when an article is selected if its value
is non-`nil'.
The default hook definition shows conversation thread subtrees of
the selected article automatically as follows:
(setq gnus-select-article-hook
'(lambda ()
(gnus-summary-show-thread)))
It is possible to run Rmail on a digest article automatically as
follows:
(setq gnus-select-article-hook
'(lambda ()
(gnus-summary-show-thread)
(cond ((string-equal "comp.sys.sun"
gnus-newsgroup-name)
(gnus-summary-rmail-digest))
((and (string-equal "comp.text"
gnus-newsgroup-name)
(string-match "^TeXhax Digest"
(gnus-header-subject
gnus-current-headers)))
(gnus-summary-rmail-digest)
))))
`gnus-select-digest-hook'
Called with no arguments when reading digest messages using Rmail
if its value is non-`nil'. This hook is intended to modify an
article so that Rmail can work with it. *Note Digest Articles::,
for more information on digest articles.
The following example is the default hook definition to modify
incomplete digest articles:
(setq gnus-select-digest-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Reply-To: is required by
;; `undigestify-rmail-message'.
(or (mail-position-on-field "Reply-to" t)
(progn
(mail-position-on-field "Reply-to")
(insert (gnus-fetch-field "From"))))))
`gnus-rmail-digest-hook'
Called with no arguments when reading digest messages using Rmail
if its value is non-`nil'. This hook is intended to customize
Rmail Mode for reading digest articles.
`gnus-apply-kill-hook'
Called with no arguments when a newsgroup is selected and the
Summary buffer is prepared if its value is non-`nil'. This hook
is intended to apply kill files to the selected newsgroup. It is
set to the function `gnus-apply-kill-file' by default.
Since a general kill file is too heavy to use only for a few
newsgroups, a lighter hook function is recommended. For example,
if you'd like to apply kills to articles which contain the string
`rmgroup' in subject in newsgroup `control', you can use the
following hook:
(setq gnus-apply-kill-hook
'(lambda ()
(cond ((string-match "control" gnus-newsgroup-name)
(gnus-kill "Subject" "rmgroup")
(gnus-expunge "X")))))
*Note Kill File::, for more information on kill files.
`gnus-mark-article-hook'
Called with no arguments when an article is selected for the first
time if its value is non-`nil'. The hook is intended to mark an
article as read (or saved) automatically when it is selected.
The following example is the default definition of the hook:
(setq gnus-mark-article-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Mark the selected article as read.
(or (memq gnus-current-article gnus-newsgroup-marked)
(gnus-summary-mark-as-read gnus-current-article))
;; Put "+" on the current subject.
(gnus-summary-set-current-mark "+")
))
It is possible to mark as saved (`-') instead when an article is
selected as follows:
(setq gnus-mark-article-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Mark the selected article as saved.
(gnus-summary-mark-as-unread gnus-current-article)
;; Put "+" on the current subject.
(gnus-summary-set-current-mark "+")
))
`gnus-prepare-article-hook'
Called with no arguments after preparing message body, but before
preparing header fields which is automatically generated if its
value is non-`nil'. Text changes made by this hook does not
affect on the editing text. The default hook inserts a signature
file by calling the function `gnus-inews-insert-signature'.
`gnus-inews-article-hook'
Called with no arguments before posting an article if its value is
non-`nil'. This hook is called just before sending an article to
the NNTP server or calling the `inews' program. Text changes made
by this hook does not affect on the editing text. It is no
recommended to alter the number of lines of the article since
`Lines:' field may be already there. The default hook does FCC
(save an article to the specified file) by calling the function
`gnus-inews-do-fcc'.
`gnus-exit-group-hook'
Called with no arguments when exiting the current newsgroup if its
value is non-`nil'. If your machine is so slow that exiting from
Summary Mode takes a long time, you can inhibit marking articles
as read by using cross-reference information in the `Xref:' field
by setting the variable `gnus-newsgroup-headers' to `nil' in this
hook.
`gnus-exit-gnus-hook'
Called with no arguments when exiting GNUS if its value is
non-`nil'. If you want to clear out Emacs buffers which were
created by GNUS and remain afterwards, you can use this hook.
The following example shows how to kill a buffer which was used for
posting news.
(setq gnus-exit-gnus-hook
'(lambda ()
;; Kill a buffer used for posting news.
(and (get-buffer "*post-news*")
(kill-buffer "*post-news*"))))
`gnus-suspend-gnus-hook'
Called with no arguments when suspending GNUS if its value is
non-`nil'. The purpose is the same as the hook
`gnus-exit-gnus-hook'.
`gnus-save-newsrc-hook'
Called with no arguments before saving the startup file `.newsrc'
if its value is non-`nil'. This hook is intended to change the way
of backing up the startup file.
File: gnus, Node: Troubleshooting, Next: Customization, Prev: Kill File, Up: Top
Troubleshooting GNUS
********************
Emacs may hang up while waiting for NNTP server responses. This may
be caused by a buggy select routine of your operating system. If so,
the problem may be solved by loading the source code for the library
`nntp.el' instead of running the byte-compiled version. If you still
have problems with it, set the variable `nntp-buggy-select' to `t'.
Emacs may hang up while retrieving headers of a large newsgroup. The
reason is that too many requests have been sent to the NNTP server
without reading replies to them. This causes a deadlock of Emacs and
the server. In this case, the number of requests sent to the server at
one time must be reduced. Set the variable `nntp-maximum-request' to a
lower value than the default. The optimal value depends on your
computing environment.
File: gnus, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Index, Prev: Customization, Up: Top
Reporting Bugs
**************
Mailing Lists and USENET Newsgroup
==================================
There are two mailing lists and one USENET newsgroup for discussing
GNUS related topics. These are intended for exchanging useful
information about GNUS, such as bug reports, useful hooks, and
extensions of GNUS. If you have any questions or problems, feel free to
ask about them. Suggestions are also welcome.
`gnu.emacs.gnus'
This is a USENET newsgroup under the gnu.all hierarchy which is
concerned with the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation.
`info-gnus-english@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu'
This is an Internet mailing list which is gated bi-directionally
with the gnu.emacs.gnus newsgroup. English is the official
language of the list. Please send subscription requests to:
info-gnus-english-request@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu
`info-gnus@flab.Fujitsu.CO.JP'
This is a JUNET mailing list. Messages of info-gnus-english and
gnu.emacs.gnus are forwarded to this list. English and Japanese
are the official languages of the list. Please send subscription
requests to:
info-gnus-request@flab.Fujitsu.CO.JP
The major difference between info-gnus-english/gnu.emacs.gnus and
info-gnus is the official language. There is no need to subscribe to
info-gnus if you cannot read messages written in Japanese since most
discussions and important announcements will be sent to
info-gnus-english.
How to Report a Bug
===================
If you find a bug, it is important to report it and to report it in a
way which is useful. If it is a bug of a lisp program, what is the most
useful is an exact backtrace information of the lisp program together
with the version number of GNUS that you are using.
To make the backtrace information, you must set the Emacs variable
`debug-on-error' to `t' before the error happens. A backtrace obtained
from a byte-compiled lisp program is not usually understandable. To
make a human readable backtrace, load the source program which is not
byte-compiled yet and then produce the error.
*note Reporting Bugs: (emacs)Bugs, for more information.