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gammai.m
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1996-09-28
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4KB
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124 lines
# Copyright (C) 1995 John W. Eaton
#
# This file is part of Octave.
#
# Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
# later version.
#
# Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
# for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
# Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
function y = gammai (a, x)
# usage: gammai (a, x)
#
# Computes the incomplete gamma function
#
# gammai (a, x)
# = (integral from 0 to x of exp(-t) t^(a-1) dt) / gamma(a).
#
# If a is scalar, then gammai(a, x) is returned for each element of x
# and vice versa.
#
# If neither a nor x is scalar, the sizes of a and x must agree, and
# gammai is applied pointwise.
# Written by KH (Kurt.Hornik@ci.tuwien.ac.at) on Aug 13, 1994
if (nargin != 2)
usage ("gammai (a, x)");
endif
[r_a, c_a] = size (a);
[r_x, c_x] = size (x);
e_a = r_a * c_a;
e_x = r_x * c_x;
# The following code is rather ugly. We want the function to work
# whenever a and x have the same size or a or x is scalar.
# We do this by reducing the latter cases to the former.
if (e_a == 0 || e_x == 0)
error ("gammai: both a and x must be nonempty");
endif
if (r_a == r_x && c_a == c_x)
n = e_a;
a = reshape (a, 1, n);
x = reshape (x, 1, n);
r_y = r_a;
c_y = c_a;
elseif (e_a == 1)
n = e_x;
a = a * ones (1, n);
x = reshape (x, 1, n);
r_y = r_x;
c_y = c_x;
elseif (e_x == 1)
n = e_a;
a = reshape (a, 1, n);
x = x * ones (1, n);
r_y = r_a;
c_y = c_a;
else
error ("gammai: a and x must have the same size if neither is scalar");
endif
# Now we can do sanity checking ...
if (any (a <= 0) || any (a == Inf))
error ("gammai: all entries of a must be positive anf finite");
endif
if (any (x < 0))
error ("gammai: all entries of x must be nonnegative");
endif
y = zeros(1, n);
# For x < a + 1, use summation. The below choice of k should ensure
# that the overall error is less than eps ...
S = find ((x > 0) & (x < a + 1));
s = length (S);
if (s > 0)
k = ceil (- max ([a(S), x(S)]) * log (eps));
K = (1:k)';
M = ones(k, 1);
A = cumprod((M * x(S)) ./ (M * a(S) + K * ones(1, s)));
y(S) = exp (-x(S) + a(S) .* log (x(S))) .* (1 + sum (A)) ./ gamma (a(S)+1);
endif
# For x >= a + 1, use the continued fraction.
# Note, however, that this converges MUCH slower than the series
# expansion for small a and x not too large!
S = find((x >= a + 1) & (x < Inf));
s = length(S);
if (s > 0)
u = [zeros(1, s); ones(1, s)];
v = [ones(1, s); x(S)];
c_old = 0;
c_new = v(1,:) ./ v(2,:);
n = 1;
while (max (abs (c_old ./ c_new - 1)) > 10 * eps)
c_old = c_new;
u = v + u .* (ones (2, 1) * (n - a(S)));
v = u .* (ones (2, 1) * x(S)) + n * v;
c_new = v(1,:) ./ v(2,:);
n = n + 1;
endwhile
y(S) = 1 - exp (-x(S) + a(S) .* log (x(S))) .* c_new ./ gamma (a(S));
endif
y (find (x == Inf)) = ones (1, sum (x == Inf));
y = reshape (y, r_y, c_y);
endfunction