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- CURRENT_MEETING_REPORT_
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- Reported by Noel Chiappa
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- ADRBOF Minutes
-
- IP Address Hacks BOF
-
- This BOF discussed potential interim solutions to the near-term problem
- of the shortage of class B IP network numbers. Of the three classes of
- IP network numbers, A, B and C, the class B numbers are being used up at
- the highest rate. There are 16K (2^14) of these, and over four thousand
- are already allocated (although not all are being advertised in the
- Internet). These are the most useful numbers, since most sites are not
- large enough to need a class A (24 bit rest), where most are too large
- to make good use of a class C (8 bit rest), particularly if subnetting
- is being used.
-
- Depending on which exact model is used to predict future usage of these
- numbers, at the current rate of usage these will run out in several
- years. A straight exponential fits the curve so far quite well; it has
- been argued that this is not a useful model, but rather an S-curve model
- should be used. The problem is that no inflection point has yet
- appeared, so it is difficult to fit an S curve to the growth. In any
- case, there is general agreement that the problem is severe.
-
- The two key questions were what kind of extra network numbers to create,
- and what portion of the existing IP address space to devote to them.
- After a commendably quick discussion, consensus answers did appear to
- both of these.
-
- There were several potential answers to the first question. One option
- is to simply create more class B (i.e., 16 bit `rest' field) numbers.
- The other was to create a new class of network numbers with a different
- size rest field, intermediate between class B and C. It was pointed out
- that most sites which are getting class B numbers do not need a whole
- class B space, but could easily use something a little smaller; this
- would reduce the usage of the class B space, thereby extending the
- lifetime of that space. Suggestions were made for a number of different
- sizes, including 14, 13 and 12 bits.
-
- One thing going against more class B numbers was that to create a
- reasonable number of them would use a large chunk of the 32 bit IP
- address space. The current block of 16K used one quarter of the address
- space; all addresses with a `10' prefix. If another quarter were
- (somehow) devoted to class B, that would still only double the number.
- On the other hand, use of a smaller rest field would allow more network
- numbers to be packed into the portion of the address space allocated;
- since the available free (or reclaimable) spaces were mostly quite
- small, this weighed heavily in favor of the smaller fields.
-
- A new class, with a 12 bit rest field (to called class `E' addresses)
- was finally decided on, since it maximizes the number of network numbers
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- that can be created. While a 12 bit rest field only allows for 4K
- hosts, this is still significantly more than a class C, and should be
- more than enough for most companies. Also, it is exactly equidistant
- between the class B and class C sizes. However, this decision (for 12
- instead of 13 or more) needs to be reviewed carefully to make sure that
- a 12 bit rest field will actually be useful to a significant number of
- network number applicants.
-
- This does point out the necessity of having hosts not pry into address
- formats. It is plausible to deploy a new network number format if only
- the routers have to be changed; doing so in a world where most types of
- host software have to be changed as well is clearly problematic.
-
- There are two broad classes of solution to the question of where to
- allocate any new network numbers. The first is to use some or all of
- the currently reserved space; i.e. prefix 1111. The second is to
- recycle some of the currently ``unlikely to be used'' space; for
- instance the back half of the class A space (prefix 01), or the back
- half of class C (prefix 1101).
-
- Considering the first, the question was whether or not to use the entire
- space, or to continue the practice of allocating a space whose prefix
- started with all 1's and ended with a 0; (i.e., allocate 11110 and
- reserve 11111). It was decided not to keep a part reserved if this
- space were used, but to use the entire space. The problem is that this
- practise is resulting in diminishing returns as far as the size of the
- portion of address space available to hold network numbers and the rest
- field; in other words, the overhead of the field dedicated to format
- identification was getting quite large (5 of 32 bits).
-
- Use of the entire block would allow creation of 2^16 of these new
- network numbers. (4 bits of prefix + 16 of network number + 12 of rest
- = 32) This number, sixteen times larger than the number of class B's,
- could reasonably be expected to last quite a long time. Were this done,
- since it would use the last reserved space, a new reserved space should
- be created, consisting of the back half of the existing class A and/or C
- space.
-
- Alternatively, if the back half of class C space (1101 prefix) were used
- to hold these new numbers, 2^16 of them could also be created here. It
- was pointed out that use of class C numbers would allow routers which
- did not understand class E addresses to treat them as a group (2^4, or
- 16) of class C numbers.
-
- No definite answer was arrived at in the BOF for the question of where
- to place the new numbers, although there was general consensus that
- using all the reserved space or the back half of class C space were the
- two viable options. It was agreed that in either case the back half of
- the class A space should be reserved; it was felt that rather than move
- directly from one use to another, it would be best if a portion of the
- address space cycled through `reserved', to allow use of the old meaning
- to disappear from the net before the new use was taken up.
-
- Discussion in the hallways after the BOF concluded that the optimal
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- choice was in fact to use the reserved space. It was felt that the
- ability to have older routers handle class E numbers as a group of class
- C numbers was not actually good, given the problems in the network with
- large numbers of network numbers. Also, it was felt that the argument
- above about cycling through reserve should apply to the back half of
- class C space as well.
-
- Finally, and most important, it was pointed out that unless the new
- numbers were allocated from the reserved space, there would be less
- impetus on people's part to change their software. The ability to model
- a class E net as a group of C's would, from this viewpoint, be a
- problem, not an advantage. This is a weighty point, given the necessity
- of the change in the network; presumably people making the change to
- recognize E's would also put in the change to reserve the back half of A
- and C space, which might well be critical in the future.
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