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-
- CURRENT_MEETING_REPORT_
-
- Reported by Dave Raggett/Hewlett-Packard
-
- Minutes of the HyperText Transfer Protocol Working Group (HTTP)
-
- This group met as the HTTP BOF at the 31st IETF on Wednesday, 7
- December, and has since become a working group.
-
- Further info on HTTP is currently available from the URLs:
-
-
- http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/Overview.html
- http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/
-
-
- History
-
- This BOF followed an earlier one at the World Wide Web Conference at
- Chicago in October in which it was decided to pursue setting up a
- working group for the World Wide Web hypertext transfer protocol. The
- group would be set up to standardise existing practice, and then to work
- on improved performance, security and payments, and other improvements
- such as support for transaction mechanisms for distributed updates.
-
- The meeting started with a summary by the chair of the steps leading up
- to the BOF. HTTP originated as a very simple protocol indeed. This
- version is now known as HTTP/0.9. It was soon extended to include a
- MIME style wrapper to convey the content type and encoding of the
- returned document. A number of RFC 822 style headers are used to
- support negotiation and convey meta information, as well as a basic
- authentication mechanism. This version is known as HTTP/1.0 and is in
- very widespread use. The on-line documentation at CERN is no longer
- adequate. Other pressures on HTTP include the need to improve
- performance, to avoid the penalties associated with making separate
- connections for the document and each of the inlined images. We also
- need to standardise ways of adding support for authentication and
- encryption to support privacy and commercial services. Setting up an
- IETF working group is now a matter of urgency to ensure the continued
- health of both HTTP and the Web.
-
-
- Internet-Draft for HTTP/1.0
-
- The meeting continued with a presentation by Henrik Frystyk Nielsen and
- Roy Fielding on the Internet-Draft for HTTP/1.0
- (draft-fielding-http-spec-00.ps). together with some ideas for
- extensions for consideration in HTTP/1.1. The consensus of the meeting
- was that the Internet-Draft for HTTP/1.0 be proposed for the standards
- track as soon as possible. Revisions to the HTTP/1.0 draft
- specification are being discussed on the http-wg mailing list.
-
- The list of extensions for the 1.1 revision were:
-
-
- o Session method
- - Intended for short-term session only (about 10 second request
- timeout) though specialised servers may use longer timeout
- - Supports multiple transactions over single connection
- - Allows session-long negotiation of Accept-*, authentication,
- and privacy extensions
- - More than just an MGET
- o Packetised Content-Encoding
- o Better Access Authentication
- o Base-URL as a New Object header
- o Allow relative time in Expires header (seconds)
-
-
- Performance Problems with HTTP/1.0
-
- Simon Spero talked briefly on the performance problems with HTTP/1.0.
- The current protocol uses a separate connection for the document and
- each inlined image. Each connection requires at least two round trip
- times, and in practice more due to the lengthy accept headers in common
- use. Furthermore, TCP/IP uses a slow start mechanism to avoid
- congestion and gradually increases the throughput to match the actual
- bandwidth available. As a result, most HTTP transactions operate at a
- reduced bandwidth. Simon reported measurements indicating that over a
- congested link from Bristol, England to North Carolina for a
- representative home page, the current protocol only uses about 10% of
- the bandwidth then available (as measured by a bulk transfer over a
- single connection). The approach used in the Netscape browser of
- opening multiple concurrent TCP/IP connections gives better performance,
- but still fails to utilise the full bandwidth. One explanation, is that
- most TCP/IP implementations fail to share congestion information between
- connections to the same site. The approach also leads to problems with
- many more connections left in the time-wait state at the server.
-
-
- Discussion on HTTP Issues
-
- Larry Masinter asked whether proposals for extensions such as keep-alive
- were based on experience or speculation. He prefers MIME boundary
- markers to packetisation schemes for determining message boundaries.
- Larry also suggested we should consider richer mechanisms for
- determining whether a document has expired. For instance, downloading
- conditions in SafeTCL to be evaluated by the client.
-
- Alex Hopmann argued in favor of reusing the connection, e.g., for a
- series of images, and increasing the use of proxy servers. He has tried
- out a session method scheme, and has a written proposal for this and a
- separate proposal for a notification proposal. (For more information
- send e-mail to Alex.)
-
- Simon Spero described work on log analysis which showed clear groupings
- of requests at 3 to 4 images per document. He mentioned problems in
- analysing logs due to accesses by Netscape browsers which initiate
- connections for images concurrently and are then cancelled as the user
- surfs to the next document.
-
- Tim Berners-Lee argued that users connecting over phone lines need
- browsers that can do things concurrently with dynamic changes in
- priority as the user changes his/her actions, e.g., the browser should
- keep the pipe full by following links and then abort if the user does
- something else. He also raised the issue of abstraction layers for
- HTTP.
-
- Brian Behlendorf discussed the need for user authentication and realms.
- He wants to be able to distinguish accesses to a given machine according
- to the alias used for the host name, and advocates using the full URL in
- the GET request.
-
- Digital has collected some 9 gigabytes of log data for requested URL and
- the duration the connection was kept open. A paper analysing this data
- was presented at the World Wide Web Fall Conference held in October
- 1994, and can be found in the on-line proceedings.
-
- Someone asked ``what does HTTP do in a couple of words?'' It is
- currently used for a wide variety of things -- should these be
- unbundled? Roy Fielding answered that HTTP is an extensible protocol
- used for information transfer. Tim Berners-Lee replied that this was a
- good question, and asked is MIME appropriate for small messages (for
- on-line accesses not for e-mail)?
-
- Dave Crocker agreed with the need for performance improvements, and said
- that the current problem is in making connections. He argued in favor
- of TCPng and other ideas for optimising the underlying protocol rather
- than hacking session protocols, etc., above TCP. We should feel free to
- adapt the MIME syntax to better suit the needs of the Web for on-line
- use.
-
- Eric Sink asked when we can start writing code for this (improved
- performance). The general reaction was that now was a good time to try
- out experiments to feed into the next versions of HTTP. Alex Hopmann
- described his session method for multiple requests. He was encourage to
- carry on with this work and to repost the results so far. Tim asked
- Alex why a session method rather than as an attribute of GET (e.g., a
- keep-alive pragma). The main thing is to avoid unnecessary round-trip
- delays.
-
- The question was raised as to the possible impact of keep-alive versus
- the session method on the operation of proxies. The discussion was
- taken off-line.
-
-
-
- HTTP Security Update from Tim Berners-Lee
-
- Tim reported on the HTTP Security BOF, which had taken place the
- preceding evening. The idea was to split work on security off from the
- HTTP Working Group. This would lessen the workload and make it easier
- to involve security experts in a wider context than that of HTTP alone.
- See the minutes for more details.
-
-
- Dave Krystal -- A Proposed Extension Mechanism for HTTP
-
- As the Web has grown, pressures have mounted to add a variety of
- facilities to HTTP. Some of the new features that have been proposed
- include: keep-alive, packetized data, compression, security and
- payment. Dave described an alternative: well-defined hooks in a
- slightly modified HTTP framework that make it possible to add extensions
- to the basic protocol in a way that will retain compatible behaviour
- between clients and servers, yet allow both clients and servers to
- discover and use extended capabilities. The proposed extension
- mechanism has two fundamental concepts: wrapping and negotiation. The
- idea is to avoid a proliferation of new methods and header fields.
- Instead, these would be handled through extensions with new stuff passed
- though to feature managers. For further information please read the
- document URL:
-
-
- http://www.research.att.com/ dmk/extend.txt
-
-
- Dave also asked whether payments would be covered by the HTTP Security
- group.
-
-
- Simon Spero on the HTTPng Proposal
-
- Simon raced through the major ideas for HTTPng. A new protocol is
- needed which is more efficient; has security built-in from the start;
- and is caching and payment aware. HTTPng uses a session protocol above
- TCP/IP to support multiple asynchronous transactions interleaved on the
- same connection. This allows a browser to send the request for an
- inlined image before finishing reading the HTML document that references
- it. The approach avoids the delays associated with starting up new
- connections and makes better use of available bandwidth and server
- resources. The proposal uses a subset of ASN.1 and the packed encoding
- rules to formally specify messages. This simplifies implementations
- compared to using text based representations. The lengthy Accept
- headers in HTTP/1.0 are avoided by using a bit vector for common cases
- with an extension mechanism for the rare occasions when these are
- insufficient. Servers can challenge for payment. A simple
- implementation of HTTPng was found to operate approaching an order of
- magnitude faster than HTTP/1.0 over an intercontinental link. A
- transition strategy was described that allows existing HTTP/1.0 clients
- and servers to interoperate with HTTPng via proxy servers supporting
- both HTTP/1.0 and HTTPng.
-
-
- Discussion of the Charter
-
- A show of hands indicated unanimous support for recommending to the area
- directors that a working group be set up for HTTP. The group briefly
- discussed the draft charter prepared by Roy Fielding. Some minor
- revisions were agreed. The meeting expressed confidence in Dave Raggett
- continuing as chair. Subsequently, following a suggestion by John
- Klensin, to co-opt an IETF oldtimer as co-chair, Tim Berners-Lee agreeed
- to taking on this role.
-
-