America was humming the hit song "Oh, Susanna".It was written by Stephen Foster, who became known for his songs of the South, although he was from Pennsylvania.
TBEDL2
Gold discoveries in the Sierra Nevada mountains led to the first goldrush. In 1849, 80,000 prospectors flooded the state, and were nicknamed the Forty-Niners.
TBEDL3
Amelia Bloomer tried to reform female dress by introducing baggy trousers to wear under a skirt. But the world wasn't ready for women in pants and reacted with hostility and ridicule.
TBEDL4
The respected daily newspaper first appeared as a penny paper, reflecting a trend of the era to publish inexpensive newspapers for the working classes in the cities.
TBEDL5
The new snack was invented by chef George Crum at Moon Lodge in Saratoga Springs, NY.
TBEDL6
The Cincinnati Red Stockings was the first team to pay their players.
TBEDL7
James Plimpton in Medford, MA, designed the first practical four-wheel skates, and the roller-skating craze swept the U.S.
TBEDL8
Early settlers picked up the Indian custom of chewing spruce resin to cleanse their teeth. In the 19th century, the discovery of chicle paved the way for flavored chewing gum.
TBEDL9
P.T. Barnum opened his circus, "the greatest show on Earth", in Brooklyn, NY.
TBEDL10
Yellowstone, the largest national park, opened. It covers parts of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming.
TBEDL11
Miss Mary E.Outerbridge, while vacationing in Bermuda,watched English officers play tennis and introduced the game in America.
TBEDL12
Air-filled tires and same size wheels made riding smooth and popular. The tandem bike let couples cycle together, irritating the church and inspiring the 1892 hit "A Bicycle Built forTwo".
TBEDL13
John M. Fox of Philadelphia learned about golf on a trip to Scotland and introduced the game to the U.S.The Scottish had been playing golf since the15th century.
TBEDL14
It took place in Manhattan, as Wall Street workers celebrating the dedication of the Statue of Liberty spontaneously threw ticker tape out the windows.
TBEDL15
The first execution in the electric chair. Edison had arranged for prisons to have alternating current for the electric chair as part of his fight to have direct current for household use.
TBEDL16
New York and Chicago, two cities 900 miles apart, are linked by telephone for the first time.
TBEDL17
The classic Olympics were held at Olympia in ancient Greece, and were games honoring the gods.
TBEDL18
Edwin Binney in Easton, PA, invented a combination of paraffin, stearic acid, oil and various pigments to create Crayola crayons.
TBEDL19
A toy maker started the stuffed bear craze, inspired by a cartoon depicting PresidentTheodore "Teddy" Roosevelt's refusal to shoot a helpless bearcub.
TBEDL20
This treat was invented at a St. Louis fair. When the ice-cream stand ran out of dishes, a pastry chef next to it helped out by rolling his thin waffles into cones to hold the ice-cream.
TBEDL21
Traffic increased steadily after the introduction of the automobile. The first red & green traffic lights were installed in Cleveland, OH.
TBEDL22
Bobbed hair swept the US. It was a radical departure from the intricately coiffed styles of the turn ofthe century, and began the ladies fashion revolution of the 20s.
TBEDL23
On the first flight,the pilot was so caught up in the excitement he forgot to fill the tank. The plane was forced to land in Maryland - the mail continued by train!
TBEDL24
Johnson & Johnson introduced a sterile packaged individual bandage with tape to hold an absorbent pad in place over a small cut. It was called a Band-Aid.
TBEDL25
Warner Brothers present the movie "The JazzSinger", starring Al Jolson. It introduced the era of sound motion pictures.
TBEDL26
Charles Lindbergh became a hero after the 33.5 hour flight in his plane "Spirit of St.Louis". He also inspired the new swing dance Lindy, said to simulate rough flying!
TBEDL27
Phonographs with coin slots date back to 1889. By 1930 they were amplified, to be heard by many people, and more popular than ever. "Juke" was Southern slang for "dance".
TBEDL28
With 86 floors, and at 1,245 ft, it was the tallest building in the world. It held the record until 1972, when the World Trade Center, also in New York City, was completed.
TBEDL29
She became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Five years later she vanished without a trace in the Pacific Ocean, during an attempt to circle the globe.
TBEPE1
It was issued for local delivery in New York City. The federal government first issued stamps in 1847 in values of five and ten cents.
TBEPE2
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published their ideas of a classless society, based on common ownership of the means of production.
TBEPE3
Garibaldi started working towards unification of Italy, at this time many small states under foreign domination . The kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861.
TBEPE4
Confederate troups fired on Fort Sumter, SC, wishing to seceed from the Union to protect their right to keep slaves. The Northern states, and President Lincoln, were anti-slavery.
TBEPE5
General Grant, given supreme command of the Union armies, captured Richmond, VA, the confederate capital.Three weeks later, the war was over.
TBEPE6
Frederick Douglass, a former slave, was one of the foremost black abolitionists. Black History Month (February), commemorates the month of his and Lincoln's births.
TBEPE7
A disastrous fire destroyed a third of the city.
TBEPE8
A battle between the Plains Indian tribes, led by Sitting Bull, and the United States 7th Cavalry, led by General Custer, ended with Custer's defeat.
TBEPE9
After the battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull led his people to Canada. When there were no more buffalo to hunt for food, they were forced to surrender.
TBEPE10
The Apache leader had inherited a tradition of resisting colonization that was generations old. After his surrender Geronimo was put to work doing hard labor in Florida.
TBEPE11
Building the 5,900 miles long railroad -the longest single line of track in the world -was a great feat of engineering because of the difficult terrain and extreme temperatures.
TBEPE12
Robert Peary and his team reached the North Pole after 18 years of working towards this goal. Matthew Henson, an African-American explorer, planted the American flag.
TBEPE13
The supposedly unsinkable transatlantic cruiseship "Titanic" hit an iceberg on her maiden voyage and quickly sank. Over 1,500 people lost their lives.
TBEPE14
Mahatma Gandhi began his passive-resistance movement in India, the beginning of the fight for independence from Great Britain. He was assassinated in 1948.
TBEPE15
An 81-year struggle ended with an Amendment to the Constitution giving American women the right to vote.
TBEPE16
The new leader of the Soviet Union, now Russia, began an era of ruthless national and foreign politics.
TBEPE17
After years of speculation, the market collapsed. The nationwide loss exceeded $100 billion, and the day became known as Black Thursday - the beginning of the Great Depression.
TBEPE18
It had been 14 years since their last legal drink, and President Roosevelt called on the nation to practice moderation.
TBEPE19
The founder of the National Socialist Party proceeded to outlaw all other parties, to arrest large numbers of Jews, and to invade Austria.
TBEPE20
Hitler invades Poland. Britain, France, NewZealand, and Australia declare war against Germany. World War II began - it lasted until May 1945.
TBEART1
Charlotte and Emma Brontë published their novels "Jane Eyre" and "Wuthering Heights", respectively.
TBEART2
Herman Melville published his classic novel about Captain Ahab's fight with Moby Dick, a white whale.
TBEART3
Harriet Beecher Stowe published her novel about slaves in the American South.
TBEART4
Lewis Carroll published his still popular children's tale about Alice and the odd characters she meets in Wonderland.
TBEART5
The French writer Jules Verne published his classic novel about a man who makes a bet he can travel around the world in 80 days --quite an ordeal before air travel.
TBEART6
A new movement in painting, characterized by observation of nature and visual impressions, especially light. It's major artists are Monet, Seurat, Manet, and Cézanne.
TBEART7
Mark Twain published the sequel to his popular book "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", about two teenage boys in rural Mississippi.
TBEART8
Around the turn of the century this decorative art movement was extremely popular. It is characterized by sinuous forms, often depicted as twining plants and flowers.
TBEART9
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were the founders of this movement, which presents art analytically and fragmented - as the mind, not the eye, perceives it.
TBEART10
The first true adventure film, shot on location, with camera moves and parallel editing. It revolutionized movie making and set a style for Western films.
TBEART11
Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting was once stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris. It was found in Italy two years later.
TBEART12
The Czechoslovakian expressionist author published his first nightmarish novel about man's struggle with dream and reality.
TBEART13
Founded by Walter Gropius in Germany,this school revolutionized the teaching of painting, sculpture, architecture, and industrial design. Its name became synonymous with the style.
TBEART14
A young singer and dancer in Paris, she did a jungle dance in a skirt made of bananas and become both an overnight success, and an enduring symbol of the Jazz Age.
TBEART15
F. Scott Fitzgerald published his influential novel about post-war cynicism and alienation.
TBEART16
The first animated cartoon character, created by Walt Disney, premiered. In 1964, Mickey Mouse became the trademark of Walt Disney Productions.
TBEART17
The United States national anthem was written by Francis Scott Key to the music of an old English song.
TBEART18
The African-American blues singer and composer was discovered. Leadbelly's theme song, "Good Night, Irene "became a hit after his death in 1949.
TBESE1
Morse developed the operator key, which when depressed completed an electric circuit and sent an electric pulse to a receiver which printed dots and dashes on a paper roll.
TBESE2
Charles Darwin published his theory of organic evolution. The notion that man had evolved from apes deeply shocked Victorian England.
TBESE3
Richard Jordan Gatling's new gun used a system of revolving barrels rotating around a central mechanism that loaded, fired, and extracted cartridges.
TBESE4
Created when the Union Pacific Railroad, building west from Omaha, and the Central Pacific Railroad, building east from Sacramento, met at Promontory, Utah.
TBESE5
It was established in New Haven, CT, and had 21 subscribers.
TBESE6
Private phones were extremely rare and considered a luxury for many years after the invention of the telephone.
TBESE7
It was the first cable-wire steel suspension bridge in the world, and was designed by J.A. Roebling, who died in an accident on the bridge; his son completed the work.
TBESE8
It was attributed to Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. Their firm is one of the oldest automobile firms in the world - today their products are sold under the name Mercedes-Benz.
TBESE9
Gustave Eiffel designed the 984 ft tower to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. It has become Paris' most famous landmark.
TBESE10
The theme was electricity. 21 million visitors saw a brilliantly lit fairground, Edison's lightbulb, electric coils, electric transformers - and the world's first Ferris wheel.
TBESE11
This was a projection version of Edison's Kinetoscope. The first public showing took place in a café in Paris.
TBESE12
George Washington Carver, an African-American botanist and chemist, introduced sweet potatoes and peanuts as agricultural crops in the South.
TBESE13
It was introduced by Kodak with the slogan, "You press the button and we do the rest. "The camera was preloaded with film the user mailed back to Kodak for development.
TBESE14
Wilbur and Orville launched their first successful airplane on a coastal sand dune near Kitty Hawk, N.C. The best flight of the day was 852 ft long, and lasted 59 seconds.
TBESE15
This brought changes in many statements of natural law, including Newton's law of gravitation, and gave the mathematical framework needed for atomic research.
TBESE16
The French physicist and chemist isolated radium. In 1903 she shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of radioactivity. She died of leukemia caused by her work.
TBESE17
The Danish physicist Niels Bohr combined the concept of the nuclear atom with the quantum theory of Planck and Einstein, departing radically from classical physics.
TBESE18
The prize referred to his discovery of the photoelectric effect, not to his relativity theories, which were still considered controversial.
TBESE19
Kodak introduced 16mm motion-picture film.
TBESE20
Charles Lindbergh's Transcontinental AirTransport (later TWA), is the first airline. Passengers travel 1/3 of the route by train, since night flying is too dangerous.
TBESE21
Using a camera tube called an iconoscope and a cathode-ray tube in the receiver, RCA made experimental broadcasts from the top of the Empire State Building.
TBESE22
At the opening of the New York World's Fair, NBC makes the first public television broadcast, featuring a guest appearance by President Roosevelt.
TEINV1
Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio.
TEINV2
Edison moved with his family to Port Huron, Michigan.
TEINV3
Edison's teachers thought him stupid because he questioned everything. But his mother encouraged him to learn about everything he showed interest in.
TEINV4
Edison was employed for several years as a telegraph operator and traveled throughout the South and the Midwest.
TEINV5
Edison moved to Boston and patented his first invention, an electric vote recorder.
TEINV6
Edison announced his intention to become a full-time inventor, moved to New York, and started a business to manufacture telegraph equipment.
TEINV7
Edison established a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
TEINV8
When Edison first demonstrated the machine to his laboratory assistants, they were startled to hear the phrase "Mary had a little lamb" coming from it.
TEINV9
In his laboratory at Menlo Park, Edison tensely watched a carbonized cotton thread glow for 40 hours in a glass vacuum bulb.
TEINV10
On New Year's Eve, a crowd gathered in Menlo Park to witness Edison's first public demonstration of his incandescent light bulb.
TEINV11
Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange, New Jersey.
TEINV12
Edison patented the first practical motion-picture camera.
TEINV13
Edison founded Edison General Electric, today known as General Electric.
TEINV14
This was the first workable projector, a small box inside which the movie was projected. The picture was seen through a viewer on top of the box.
TEINV15
Edison's first public movie presentation took place during the vaudeville program at Koster & Bial's Music Hall in New York City.
TEINV16
Edison perfected a nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery.
TEINV17
Edison reenacted his demonstration for the dedication of the Edison Institute.
