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Appendix A: The United Nations System
The UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinate
agencies and bodies as follows:
1) Secretariat
2) General Assembly:
Habitat Commission on Human Settlements
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNEP United Nations Environment Program
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR United Nations Office of High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNITAR UN Institute for Training and Research
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
in the Near East
UN Special Fund
UN University
WFC World Food Council
WFP World Food Program
3) Security Council:
Peacekeeping Forces and Organizations
UNAVEM II United Nations Angola Verification Mission
UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNFICYP United Nations Force in Cyprus
UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and
Pakistan
UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNIKOM United Nations Iran-Kuwait Observation Mission
MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
Sahara
ONUSAL United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador
UNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force
UNOSOM II United Nations Operation in Somalia
UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOMOZ United Nations Operation in Mozambique
UNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda
Commissions Established Pursuant to SC Res.687
UNSCOM UN Special Commission
United National Compensation Commission
UN Iraq/Kuwait Boundary Demarcation Commission
4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC):
Specialized agencies
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IDA International Development Association
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
ILO International Labor Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMO International Maritime Organization
ITU International Telecommunication Union
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UPU Universal Postal Union
WHO World Health Organization
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
Related organizations
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
Regional commissions
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
Functional commissions
Commission on Human Rights
Commission on Narcotics Drugs
Commission for Social Development
Commission on the Status of Women
Population Commission
Statistical Commission
Commission on Science and Technology for Development
Commission on Sustainable Development
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Commission on Transnational Corporations
5) Trusteeship Council
6) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Appendix B: Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups
A ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ACC Arab Cooperation Council
ACCT Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agency
for Cultural and Technical Cooperation
ACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries
AfDB African Development Bank
AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
AG Andean Group
AL Arab League
ALADI Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin
American Integration Association (LAIA)
AMF Arab Monetary Fund
AMU Arab Maghreb Union
ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
AsDB Asian Development Bank
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
B BAD Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development
Bank (AfDB)
BADEA Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
BCIE Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see Central
American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
BDEAC Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
Benelux Benelux Economic Union
BID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB)
BIS Bank for International Settlements
BOAD Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African
Development Bank (WADB)
BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C C Commonwealth
CACM Central American Common Market
CAEU Council of Arab Economic Unity
CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market
CBSS Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC Customs Cooperation Council
CDB Caribbean Development Bank
CE Council of Europe
CEAO Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West
African Economic Community (CEAO)
CEEAC Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see
Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
CEI Central European Initiative
CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA
or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991
CEPGL Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see Economic
Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
CG Contadora Group
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known
as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991
COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export Controls
Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known
as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991
CP Colombo Plan
CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
D DC developed country
E EADB East African Development Bank
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC European Community; see European Union (EU)
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic
Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECO Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and
Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
EEC European Economic Community
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EIB European Investment Bank
Entente Council of the Entente
ESA European Space Agency
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
EU European Union
Euratom European Atomic Energy Community
F FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FLS Front Line States
FZ Franc Zone
G G-2 Group of 2
G-3 Group of 3
G-5 Group of 5
G-6 Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)
G-7 Group of 7
G-8 Group of 8
G-9 Group of 9
G-10 Group of 10
G-11 Group of 11
G-15 Group of 15
G-19 Group of 19
G-24 Group of 24
G-30 Group of 30
G-33 Group of 33
G-77 Group of 77
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
H Habitat Commission on Human Settlements
I IADB Inter-American Development Bank
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IBEC International Bank for Economic Cooperation
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICM Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
IDA International Development Association
IDB Islamic Development Bank
IEA International Energy Agency
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFCTU International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
IGADD Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
IIB International Investment Bank
ILO International Labor Organization
IMCO Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMO International Maritime Organization
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization
INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization
IOC International Olympic Committee
IOM International Organization for Migration
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ITU International Telecommunication Union
L LAES Latin American Economic System
LAIA Latin American Integration Association
LAS League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)
LDC less developed country
LLDC least developed country
LORCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
M MERCOSUR Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone Common Market
MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime
N NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council
NAM Nonaligned Movement
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC Nordic Council
NEA Nuclear Energy Agency
NIB Nordic Investment Bank
NIC newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing
economy (NIE)
NIE newly industrializing economy
NSG Nuclear Suppliers Group
O OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS Organization of American States
OAU Organization of African Unity
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference
ONUSAL United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador
OPANAL Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la
America Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for the
Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and
the Caribbean
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
P PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
R RG Rio Group
S SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SACU Southern African Customs Union
SADC Southern African Development Community
SADCC Southern African Development Coordination Conference
SELA Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American
Economic System (LAES)
SPARTECA South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation
Agreement
SPC South Pacific Commission
SPF South Pacific Forum
U UDEAC Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
UN United Nations
UNAVEM II United Nations Angola Verification Mission
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNEP United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization
UNFICYP United Nations Force in Cyprus
UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN
Population Fund (UNFPA)
UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission
UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and
Pakistan
UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOMOZ United Nations Operation in Mozambique
UNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda
UNOSOM United Nations Operation in Somalia
UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees in the Near East
UNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UPU Universal Postal Union
USSR/EE USSR/Eastern Europe
W WADB West African Development Bank
WCL World Confederation of Labor
WEU Western European Union
WFC World Food Council
WFP World Food Program
WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions
WHO World Health Organization
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WP Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the
alliance)
WTO World Tourism Organization
Z ZC Zangger Committee
Note: Not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations
Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups
-----
Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved,
and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia,
including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely
on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United
Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their
subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations Specialized Agencies. The
United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to
remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to
fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number
of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the
membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues
to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat
remains or where no action has yet been taken.
-----
advanced developing countries
another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly
rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
-----
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)
established - 1 April 1976
aim - members have a preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU
members - (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The
Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao
Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
African Development Bank (AfDB),
also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
established - 4 August 1963
aim - to promote economic and social development
regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome
and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members - (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
-----
Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)
see Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
-----
Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
note - acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique
established - 21 March 1970
aim - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking
countries
members - (34) Belgium, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central
African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica,
Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,
Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire
associate members - (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint
Lucia
participating governments - (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada)
observers - (3) Bulgaria, Cambodia, Romania
-----
Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the
Caribbean (OPANAL)
note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares
en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
established - 14 February 1967
aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear
weapons
members - (26) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
-----
Andean Group (AG)
established - 26 May 1969
effective - 16 October 1969
aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration
members - (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
associate member - (1) Panama
observers - (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy,
Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US,
Uruguay, Yugoslavia
-----
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique
(BADEA)
established - 18 February 1974
effective - 16 September 1974
aim - to promote economic development
members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,
Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation
Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League except
Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen
-----
Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)
established - 16 February 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to
an Arab Common Market
members - (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen
-----
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
established - 16 May 1968
aim - to promote economic and social development
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,
Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,
Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
Arab League (AL)
note - also known as League of Arab States (LAS)
established - 22 March 1945
aim - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,
Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
established - 17 February 1989
aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of
northern Africa
members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
-----
Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)
established - 27 April 1976
effective - 2 February 1977
aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary
and economic affairs
members - (19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,
Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine
Liberation Organization
-----
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
established - 7 November 1989
aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin
members - (16) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South
Korea, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, US
-----
Asian Development Bank (AsDB)
established - 19 December 1966
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
regional members - (37) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma,
Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua
New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa
nonregional members - (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, UK, US
-----
Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)
see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
-----
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
established - 9 August 1967
aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation
among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia
members - (6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
observers - (3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam
-----
Australia Group
established - 1984
aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and
biological weapons
members - (25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK, US
observer - (1) Singapore
-----
Australia--New Zealand--United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
established - 1 September 1951
effective - 29 April 1952
aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US
suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986
members - (3) Australia, NZ, US
-----
Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)
see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
-----
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
-----
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
established - 20 January 1930
effective - 17 March 1930
aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial
settlements
members - (33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
-----
Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
see African Development Bank (AfDB)
-----
Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
-----
Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)
see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
-----
Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)
see West African Development Bank (WADB)
-----
Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)
note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
established - 3 February 1958
effective - 1 November 1960
aim - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
-----
Big Seven
note - membership is the same as the Group of 7
established - NA 1975
aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the
US
-----
Big Six
note - not to be confused with the Group of 6
established - NA 1967
aim - to foster economic cooperation
members - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
-----
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)
established - 25 June 1992
aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members - (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece,
Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
observer - (1) Poland
-----
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
established - 4 July 1973
effective - 1 August 1973
aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among the
less developed countries
members - (13) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago
associate members - (2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
observers - (10) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic,
Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela
-----
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
established - 18 October 1969
effective - 26 January 1970
aim - to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members - (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago,
Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members - (5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK
-----
Cartagena Group
see Group of 11
-----
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
note - acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 8 December 1964
effective - 1 January 1966
aim - to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market
members - (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon
-----
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 3 December 1975
aim - to provide loans for economic development
members - (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
-----
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
established - 13 December 1960
aim - to promote economic integration and development
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
nonregional members - (4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela
-----
Central American Common Market (CACM)
established - 13 December 1960
effective - 3 June 1961
aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
-----
Central European Initiative (CEI)
note - evolved from the Hexagonal Group
established - 27 July 1991
aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region
between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members - (10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
participating nonmembers - (6) Baden-Wurtemburg, Bavaria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine
-----
centrally planned economies
a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to
the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more
democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second
World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included
Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary,
North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
-----
Colombo Plan (CP)
established - 1 July 1951
aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific
members - (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia,
Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives,
Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, US
-----
Commission for Social Development
established - 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with social
development programs of UN
members - (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Commission on Human Rights
established - 18 February 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with human rights
programs of UN
members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)
established - 12 October 1978
aim - Economic and Social Council organization assisting in solving human
settlement problems of UN
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
established - 16 February 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs
programs of UN
members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis
on producing and processing countries
-----
Commission on the Status of Women
established - 21 June 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with women's rights
goals of UN
members - (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Commonwealth (C)
established - 31 December 1931
aim - voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire and that
seeks to foster multinational cooperation and assistance
members - (48) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia,
Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua
New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri
Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK,
Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
special members - (2) Nauru, Tuvalu
-----
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
established - 8 December 1991
effective - 21 December 1991
aim - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism
for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members - (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
-----
Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)
see West African Economic Community (CEAO)
-----
Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)
see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
-----
Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)
see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
-----
Communist countries
traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments
and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the successor
states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies
-----
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
established - 3 July 1973
aim - discusses issues of mutual concern and reviews implementation of the
Helsinki Agreement
members - (53) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK,
US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia (suspended)
observer - (1) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
-----
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)
see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
-----
Contadora Group (CG)
was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to
reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America but evolved into the Rio
Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela
-----
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
-----
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)
note - was abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are working on a new
organization with expanded membership which focuses on nonproliferation
export controls as opposed to East-West controls of advanced technology
established - NA 1949
aim - to control the export of strategic products and technical data from
member countries to proscribed destinations
members - (17) Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Turkey, UK, US
cooperating countries - (14) Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hong Kong,
Hungary, Ireland, South Korea, NZ, Poland, Singapore, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Taiwan
-----
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)
also known as CMEA or Comecon,
was established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist
economies and was abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan
(observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR),
Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer),
GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua
(observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia
(associate)
-----
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
established - 3 June 1957
effective - 30 May 1964
aim - to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members - (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
Council of Europe (CE)
established - 5 May 1949
effective - 3 August 1949
aim - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members - (32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK
guests - (8) Albania, Belarus, Croatia, Latvia, Moldova, Russia, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine
observers - (2) Holy See, Israel
-----
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
established - 5 March 1992
aim - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of
aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid,
energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and
transportation and communication
members - (10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden
observers - (2) Belarus, Ukraine
-----
Council of the Entente (Entente)
established - 29 May 1959
aim - to promote economic, social, and political coordination
members - (5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo
-----
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)
established - 15 December 1950
aim - to promote international cooperation in customs matters
members - (126) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chile, China, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon,
The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong
Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Latvia,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,
Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
developed countries (DCs)
the top group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of
developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and
less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of
the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European
ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the
North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GNP/GDP in excess
of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures well
under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more
than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San
Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
-----
developing countries
an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies;
see less developed countries (LDCs)
-----
East African Development Bank (EADB)
established - 6 June 1967
effective - 1 December 1967
aim - to promote economic development
members - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
-----
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
established - 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far
East (ECAFE)
aim - to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of the
UN to promote economic development
members - (48) Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan,
Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Vietnam, Western Samoa
associate members - (10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia,
Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands,
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
-----
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
established - 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's
Economic and Social Council
members - (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain, Egypt,
Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE,
Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five
regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic
Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and six functional
commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human
Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women,
Population Commission, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and
Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development,
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on
Transnational Corporations)
members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
established - 29 April 1958
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's
Economic and Social Council
members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa (suspended), Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) France, UK
-----
Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
-----
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
established - 28 March 1947
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's
Economic and Social Council
members - (54) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
-----
Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)
see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
-----
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
established - 25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin America
(ECLA)
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's
Economic and Social Council
members - (41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands,
Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
associate members - (6) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat,
Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
-----
Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
-----
Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)-acronym from
Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 18 October 1983
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a Central
African Common Market
members - (10) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire
observer - (1) Angola
-----
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
established - 26 September 1976
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire
-----
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
established - 28 May 1975
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
members - (16) Benin, Burkina, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
-----
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
established - NA 1985
aim - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation,
communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development
members - (11) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus",
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
-----
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
established - 15 April 1991
aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in
Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former
USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its
loans to privatization
members - (58) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, European
Community (EC), European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France,
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia; note - includes all
25 members of the OECD; also includes the EC as a single entity
-----
European Community (or European Communities, EC) was established 8 April
1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the
European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the European Economic Community
(EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely integrated common
market and an eventual federation of Europe; merged into the European Union
(EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the time of merger were Belgium,
Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal, Spain, UK
-----
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
established - 4 January 1960
effective - 3 May 1960
aim - to promote expansion of free trade
members - (7) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden,
Switzerland
-----
European Investment Bank (EIB)
established - 25 March 1957
effective - 1 January 1958
aim - to promote economic development of the EU
members - (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
-----
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeen
pour la Recherche Nucleaire
established - 1 July 1953
effective - 29 September 1954
aim - to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only
members - (19) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
observers - (6) EC, Israel, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Yugoslavia
-----
European Space Agency (ESA)
established - 31 July 1973
effective - 1 May 1975
aim - to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology
members - (13) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
associate member - (1) Finland
cooperating state - (1) Canada
-----
European Union (EU)
note - evolved from the European Community (EC)
established - 7 February 1992
effective - 1 November 1993
aim - to coordinate policy among the 12 members in three fields: economics,
building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts to establish a
common market and eventually a common currency; defense, within the concept
of a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); and justice and home
affairs, including immigration, drugs, terrorism, and improved living and
working conditions
members-(12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
-----
First World
another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies; this
term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)
-----
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
established - 16 October 1945
aim - UN specialized agency to raise living standards and increase
availability of agricultural products
members - (162) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,
Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo,
Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EC, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,
Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,
Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE,
UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,
Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate member - (1) Puerto Rico
-----
Former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE)
the middle group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of
developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and
less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and
economic transition and may well be grouped differently in the near future;
this group of 27 countries consists of Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
-----
Four Dragons
the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced
unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group
includes Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan
-----
Four Tigers
another term for the Four Dragons; see Four Dragons
-----
Franc Zone (FZ)
established - NA
aim - to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked
to the French franc
members - (15) Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Mali,
Niger, Senegal, Togo; note - France includes metropolitan France, the four
overseas departments of France (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Reunion), the two territorial collectivities of France (Mayotte, Saint
Pierre and Miquelon), and the three overseas territories of France (French
Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna)
-----
Front Line States (FLS)
established - NA
aim - to achieve black majority rule in South Africa
members - (7) Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
-----
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
note - to be subsumed by the World Trade Organization on 31 December 1994
established - 30 October 1947
effective - 1 January 1948
aim - to promote the expansion of international trade on a
nondiscriminatory basis
members - (117) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana,
Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El
Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea,
Kuwait, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,
Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,
South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,
UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
-----
Group of 2 (G-2)
established - informal term that came into use about 1986
aim - bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic
giants
members - (2) Japan, US
-----
Group of 3 (G-3)
established - NA October 1990
aim - mechanism for policy coordination
members - (3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela
-----
Group of 5 (G-5)
established - 22 September 1985
aim - to coordinate the economic policies of the five major non-Communist
economic powers
members - (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US
-----
Group of 6 (G-6)
note - also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement not to be confused
with the Big Six
established - 22 May 1984
aim - to achieve nuclear disarmament
members - (6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania
-----
Group of 7 (G-7)
note - membership is the same as the Big Seven
established - 22 September 1985
aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major non-
Communist economic powers
members - (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and
Italy
-----
Group of 8 (G-8)
established - NA October 1975
aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries
(DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic
Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3
June 1977
members - (8) Australia, Canada, EU (as one member), Japan, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, US
-----
Group of 9 (G-9)
established - NA
aim - informal group that meets occasionally on matters of mutual interest
members - (9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary,
Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia
-----
Group of 10 (G-10)
note - also known as the Paris Club, wealthiest members of the IMF who
provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering
committee; name persists in spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA
April 1984
established - NA October 1962
aim - to make credit policy
members - (11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
-----
Group of 11 (G-11)
note - also known as the Cartagena Group
established - 22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia
aim - to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
-----
Group of 15 (G-15)
note - byproduct of the Non-Aligned Movement
established - September 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as
the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement
members - (15) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia,
Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, Yugoslavia,
Zimbabwe
-----
Group of 19 (G-19)
established - NA October 1975
aim - to represent the interests of the less developed countries (LDCs)
that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation
(CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977
members - (19) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Egypt, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi
Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia
-----
Group of 24 (G-24)
established - NA January 1972
aim - to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and
Latin America within the IMF
members - (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
-----
Group of 30 (G-30)
established - NA 1979
aim - to discuss and propose solutions to the world's economic problems
members - (30) informal group of 30 leading international bankers,
economists, financial experts, and businessmen organized by Johannes
Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF)
-----
Group of 33 (G-33)
established - NA 1987
aim - to promote solutions to international economic problems
members - (33) leading economists from 13 countries
-----
Group of 77 (G-77)
established - NA October 1967
aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name
persists in spite of increased membership
members - (128 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan,
Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,
Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia,
Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar,
Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
note - also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the
Gulf
established - 25 May 1981
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and
military affairs
members - (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
-----
Habitat
see Commission on Human Settlements
-----
Hexagonal Group
see Central European Initiative (CEI)
-----
high-income countries
another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita
GNPs/GDPs; see developed countries (DCs)
-----
industrial countries
another term for the developed countries; see developed countries (DCs)
-----
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
note - also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
established - 8 April 1959
effective - 30 December 1959
aim - to promote economic and social development in Latin America
members - (44) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico,
Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain,
Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay,
Venezuela
-----
Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)
established - 15-16 January 1986
aim - to promote cooperation on drought-related
matters
members - (6) Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda
-----
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
established - 26 October 1956
effective - 29 July 1957
aim - to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy
members - (116) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia,
Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia,
Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritius,
Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
(suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Bank for Economic Cooperation (IBEC)
was established on 22 October 1963 to promote economic cooperation and
development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank
with a new charter
-----
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
note - also known as the World Bank
established - 22 July 1944
effective - 27 December 1945
aim - UN specialized agency that initially promoted economic rebuilding
after World War II and now provides economic development loans
members - (177) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
established - NA 1919
aim - to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent
business interests at national and international levels
members - (59 national councils) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus,
Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore,
South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Togo,
Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
-----
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
established - 7 December 1944
effective - 4 April 1947
aim - UN specialized agency to promote international cooperation in civil
aviation
members - (181) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany,
Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea,
South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,
Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,
Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, South Africa (suspended), Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
-----
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
established - NA 1863
aim - to provide humanitarian aid in wartime
members - (25 individuals) all Swiss nationals
-----
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)
established - NA December 1949
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (164 national organizations in the following 117 areas) Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Basque Country, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Botswana,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile,
China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia,
Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Holy See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, South
Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Morocco, Netherlands, New
Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania,
Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK,
US, Venezuela, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
note - also known as the World Court
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - primary judicial organ of the UN
members - (15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security
Council to represent all principal legal systems
-----
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
established - 13 June 1956
aim - to promote international cooperation between criminal police
authorities
members - (170) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru,
Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
subbureaus - (11) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin
Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Macau, Montserrat, Puerto
Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands
-----
International Development Association (IDA)
established - 26 January 1960
effective - 24 September 1960
aim - UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic loans
for low income countries
members - (156)
Part I - (24 more economically advanced countries) Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, South
Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, UK, US
Part II - (132 less developed nations) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,
Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana,
Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,
Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan,
Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western
Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Energy Agency (IEA)
established - 15 November 1974
aim - established by the OECD to promote cooperation on energy matters,
especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and
oil producers
members - (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
-----
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
established - 25 May 1955
effective - 20 July 1956
aim - UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that helps private
enterprise sector in economic development
members - (159) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina,
Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
established - NA November 1974
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes agricultural development
members - (150)
Category I - (21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK,
US
Category II - (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE,
Venezuela
Category III - (117 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua
and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin,
Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba,
Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel,
Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,
Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,
Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Investment Bank (IIB)
established on 7 July 1970; to promote economic development; members were
Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland,
Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new charter
-----
International Labor Organization (ILO)
established - 11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946)
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues
members - (169) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,
Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,
Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
note - name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982
established - 17 March 1958
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world maritime affairs
members - (146) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia,
Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire
associate members - (2) Hong Kong, Macau
-----
International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)
established - 3 September 1976
effective - 26 July 1979
aim - to provide worldwide communications for maritime shipping and other
applications
members - (69) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy,
Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco,
Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia,
Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia,
Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Yugoslavia
-----
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
established - 22 July 1944
effective - 27 December 1945
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world monetary stability and
economic development
members - (179) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao
Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda,
Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
observers-(3) Holy See, North Korea, Monaco
-----
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
established-23 June 1894
aim-to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games: 1994
Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway (12-27 February); 1996 Summer
Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August); 1998 Winter Olympics
in Nagano, Japan (date NA)
members-(184) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra,
Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon,
Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,
Jordan, Kazahkstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of
Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European
Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee
for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989
established - 5 December 1951
aim - to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration
members - (48) Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,
Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kenya, South Korea,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,
Thailand, Uganda, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia
observers - (40) Albania, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Federation of Ethnic Communities' Council of Australia
Inc., Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, India, Indonesia, Japan, Japan
International Friendship and Welfare Foundation, Jordan, Latvia, Malta,
Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, NZ, Niwano Peace Foundation, Partnership with the
Children of the Third World, Presiding Bishop's Fund for World
Relief/Episcopal Church, Refugee Council of Australia, Romania, Russia, San
Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain,
Turkey, UK, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
established - NA February 1947
aim - to promote the development of international standards
members - (73 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,
Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia,
Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain,
Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia,
Zimbabwe
correspondent members - (20) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Estonia, Hong Kong,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritius,
Nepal, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Seychelles, Uganda, UAE
-----
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
established - NA 1928
aim - to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and League of Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) in peacetime
members - (9) 2 representatives from ICRC, 2 from LORCS, and 5 from
national societies elected by the international conference of the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
-----
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
established - 9 December 1932
effective - 1 January 1934
affiliated with the UN - 15 November 1947
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with world telecommunications
members - (182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,
Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,
Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,
Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,
Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated
States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia,
South Africa (suspended), Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended),
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)
established - 20 August 1971
effective - 12 February 1973
aim - to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications
satellite system
members - (126) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium,
Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Holy See,
Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,
Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonsignatory users - (56) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Belarus,
Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kiribati,
North Korea, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Maldives, Malta,
Marshall Islands, Moldova, Mongolia, Namibia, Nauru, Niue, Poland, Sao Tome
and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon
Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname,
Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Tonga, Turkmenistan,
Tuvalu, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Western Samoa
-----
Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
established - 15 December 1973
aim - to promote Islamic economic aid and social development
members - (47 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan
(suspended), Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,
Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
Latin American Economic System (LAES)
note - also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)
established - 17 October 1975
aim - to promote economic and social development through regional
cooperation
members - (27) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
-----
Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
note - also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)
established - 12 August 1980
effective - 18 March 1981
aim - to promote freer regional trade
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (16) Commission of the European Communities, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American
Development Bank, Italy, Nicaragua, Organization of American States,
Panama, Portugal, Spain, United Nations Development Program, United Nations
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
-----
League of Arab States (LAS)
see Arab League (AL)
-----
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)
established - 5 May 1919
aim - to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime
members - (153) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina,
Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,
Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,
Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
-----
least developed countries (LLDCs)
that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified
by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic
growth, per capita GNPs/GDPs normally less than $1,000, and low literacy
rates; also known as the undeveloped countries. The 42 LLDCs are:
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti,
Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique,
Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen
-----
less developed countries (LDCs)
the bottom group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of
developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and
less developed countries (LDCs); mainly countries with low levels of
output, living standards, and technology; per capita GNPs/GDPs are
generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,500; however, the group also
includes a number of countries with high per capita incomes, areas of
advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth; includes the advanced
developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons (Four Tigers),
least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income
countries, newly industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World,
underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries; the 174 LDCs are:
Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands,
Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman
Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island,
Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands,
Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip,
Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala,
Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North
Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man, Marshall
Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of
Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru,
Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands (Palau), Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda,
Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and
Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and
Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Western
Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
low-income countries
another term for those less developed countries with below-average per
capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)
-----
London Suppliers Group
see Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
-----
Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (MERCOSUR)
see Southern Cone Common Market
-----
middle-income countries
another term for those less developed countries with above-average per
capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)
-----
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
established - April 1987
aim - to arrest missile proliferation by controlling the export of key
missile technologies and equipment
members - (25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK, US
-----
Near Abroad
the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million ethnic
Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong national security
interest
-----
newly industrializing countries (NICs)
former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly
industrializing economies (NIEs)
-----
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced
particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as
the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced
developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South
Korea, Singapore, Taiwan) plus Brazil
-----
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
established - 1-6 September 1961
aim - to establish political and military cooperation apart from the
traditional East or West blocs
members - (107 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan,
Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin,
Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia,
Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica,
Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda,
Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE,
Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
observers - (21) African National Congress, Afro-Asian Solidarity
Organization, Antigua and Barbuda, Arab League, Armenia, Brazil, China,
Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, El Salvador, Islamic Conference, Kanaka
Socialist National Liberation Front (New Caledonia), Mexico, Mongolia,
Organization of African Unity, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Socialist
Party of Puerto Rico, Thailand, UN, Uruguay
guests - (21) Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada,
Dominican Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, NZ,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland
-----
Nordic Council (NC)
established - 16 March 1952
effective - 12 February 1953
aim - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation
members - (5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; note - Denmark
includes Faroe Islands and Greenland, and Finland includes Aland Islands
-----
Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)
established - 4 December 1975
effective - 1 June 1976
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland
(including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden
-----
North
a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in
the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the
South; see developed countries (DCs)
-----
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)
note - an extension of NATO
established - 8 November 1991
effective - 20 December 1991
aim - to form a forum to discuss cooperation concerning mutual political
and security issues
members - (38) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US,
Uzbekistan
-----
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
established - 17 September 1949
aim - to promote mutual defense and cooperation
members - (16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US
-----
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
established - NA 1958
aim - associated with OECD, seeks to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear
energy
members - (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
-----
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
note - also known as the London Suppliers Group
established - 1974
aim - to establish guidelines for exports of technical information,
processing equipment for uranium enrichment and nuclear materials to
countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability
members - (28) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
-----
Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina
y el Caribe (OPANAL)
see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the
Caribbean (OPANAL)
-----
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
established - 14 December 1960
effective - 30 September 1961
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (25) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg,
Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, UK, US
special member - (1) EU
-----
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
established - 25 May 1963
aim - to promote unity and cooperation among African states
members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia,
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
Organization of American States (OAS)
established - 30 April 1948
effective - 13 December 1951
aim - to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social
development
members - (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba
(excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (31) Algeria, Angola, Austria, Belgium, Central American
Parliament, Cyprus, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia
-----
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
established - 9 January 1968
aim - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry
members - (10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, UAE
-----
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
established - 18 June 1981
effective - 4 July 1981
aim - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation
members - (7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
associate member - (1) British Virgin Islands
-----
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
established - 14 September 1960
aim - to coordinate petroleum policies
members - (12) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
-----
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
established - 22-25 September 1969
aim - to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation in economic, social,
cultural, and political affairs
members - (47 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan
(suspended), Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,
Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
observers - (4) Kazakhstan, Mozambique, Nigeria, "Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus"
-----
Paris Club
see Group of 10
-----
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
established - 29 July 1899
aim - to facilitate the settlement of international disputes
members - (78) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China,
Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala,
Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda,
Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe
-----
Population Commission
established - 3 October 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with population
matters of importance to the UN
members - (27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Rio Group (RG)
note - formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established in December 1986
established - NA 1988
aim - a consultation mechanism on regional Latin American issues
members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Mexico, Paraguay, Peru (suspended), Uruguay, Venezuela; note-Panama was
expelled in 1988; Peru was suspended after April 1992 coup
-----
Second World
another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states with
authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model;
the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies
-----
socialist countries in general, countries in which the government owns and
plans the use of the major factors of production; note - the term is
sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries
-----
South
a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally
located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see
less developed countries (LDCs)
-----
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established - 8 December 1985
aim - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka
-----
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
established - 6 February 1947
effective - 29 July 1948
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters
members - (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France,
French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of
Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn
Islands, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis
and Futuna, Western Samoa
-----
South Pacific Forum (SPF)
established - 5 August 1971
aim - to promote regional cooperation in political matters
members - (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa
observer - (1) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
-----
South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)
established - NA 1981
aim - to redress unequal trade relationship of Australia and New Zealand
with small island economies in Pacific region
members - (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa
-----
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
established - 11 December 1969
aim - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters
members - (9) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland
-----
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
note - evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination
Conference (SADCC)
established - 17 August 1992
aim - to promote regional economic development and integration
members - (10) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)
established - 26 March 1991
aim - regional economic cooperation
members - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
-----
Statistical Commission
established - 21 June 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with development and
standardization of national statistics of interest to the UN
members - (25) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
Third World
another term for the less developed countries; the term is fading from use;
see less developed countries (LDCs)
-----
underdeveloped countries
refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-
average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)
-----
undeveloped countries
refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little
prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs)
-----
Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)
see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
-----
United Nations (UN)
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to maintain international peace and security and to promote
cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems
members - (183 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,
Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,
El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,
Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members are represented in the General
Assembly
observers - (2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See,
Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization
-----
United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)
note - successor to original UNAVEM
established - 20 December 1988
aim - established by the UN Security Council to verify the withdrawal of
Cuban troops from Angola
members - (25) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Congo, Czech Republic,
Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Ireland, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco,
Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
-----
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International
Children's Emergency Fund
established - 11 December 1946
aim - to help establish child health and welfare services
members - (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD)
established - 30 December 1964
aim - to promote international trade
members - (187) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga
-----
United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
established - 22 November 1965
aim - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social
development
members - (48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
established - 31 May 1974
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1973 Arab-
Israeli ceasefire
members - (4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland
-----
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
established - 16 November 1945
effective - 4 November 1946
aim - to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture
members - (178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The
Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,
Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,
Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,
Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles
-----
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established - 15 December 1972
aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
established - 4 March 1964
aim - established by the UN Security Council to serve as a peacekeeping
force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus
members - (8) Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland,
Sweden, UK
-----
United Nations General Assembly
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - primary deliberative organ in the UN
members - (184) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly
-----
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
established - 17 November 1966
effective - 1 January 1967
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially
among the members
members - (165) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo,
Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,
Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE,
UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia
(suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
established - 19 March 1978
aim - established by the UN Security Council to confirm the withdrawal of
Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish Lebanese authority in
southern Lebanon
members - (10) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Norway,
Poland, Sweden
-----
United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
established - 9 April 1991
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe and monitor the
demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait
members - (33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Denmark,
Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland,
Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
-----
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
established - 13 August 1948
aim - established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1949
India-Pakistan ceasefire
members - (8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden,
Uruguay
-----
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
(MINURSO)
established - 29 April 1991
aim - established by the UN Security Council to supervise the
referendum in Western Sahara
members - (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada,
China, Egypt, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Ireland, Italy,
Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Switzerland, Tunisia,
UK, US, Venezuela
-----
United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
established - 20 May 1991
aim - established by the UN Security Council to verify ceasefire
arrangements and to monitor the maintenance of public order pending the
organization of a new National Civil Police
members - (16) Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, France,
Guyana, India, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela
-----
United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
established - 1993 for a period of six months
aim - to verify compliance with the cease-fire agreement reached 27 July
1993 and investigate reports of violations of that agreement
members - (10) Austria, Bangladesh, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany,
Greece, Poland, Sierra Leone, Sweden, Switzerland
-----
United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)
established - 1993 for six months
aim - to monitor the Uganda/Rwanda border to verify that no military
assistance reaches Rwanda across the border
members - (10) Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Fiji, Hungary,
Netherlands, Senegal Slovakia, Zimbabwe
-----
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
established - 3 December 1949
effective - 1 January 1951
aim - to try to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find
permanent solutions to refugee problems
members - (46) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,
Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway,
Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania,
Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
-----
United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)
established - 16 December 1992
aim - established by the UN Security Council to supervise the ceasefire
members - (18) Argentina, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde,
Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Malaysia, Portugal,
Russia, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay, Zambia
-----
United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM)
established - 24 April 1992
aim - established by the UN Security Council to facilitate an immediate
cessation of hostilities, to maintain a ceasefire in order to promote a
political settlement, and to provide urgent humanitarian assistance
members - (33) Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Egypt,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jordan,
South Korea, Malaysia, Morocco, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan,
Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, US, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
-----
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
note - acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for
Population Activities
established - NA July 1967
aim - to assist in both developed and developing countries dealing with
population problems
members - (51) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
established - 28 February 1992
aim - established by the UN Security Council to create conditions for peace
and security required for the negotiation of an overall settlement of the
"Yugoslav" crisis
members - (34) Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Ghana, India,
Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Luxembourg, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, Venezuela
-----
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near
East (UNRWA)
established - 8 December 1949
aim - to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees
members - (10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria,
Turkey, UK, US
-----
United Nations Secretariat
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a Secretary
General is appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the
recommendation of the Security Council
-----
United Nations Security Council
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to maintain international peace and security
permanent members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US
nonpermanent members - (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN General
Assembly; Brazil (1993-94), Cape Verde (1992-93), Djibouti (1993-94),
Hungary (1992-93), Japan (1992-93), Morocco (1992-93), NZ (1993-94),
Pakistan (1993-94), Spain (1993-94), Venezuela (1992-93)
-----
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
established - 28 February 1992
aim - established by the UN Security Council to contribute to the
restoration and maintenance of peace and to the holding of free elections
members - (45) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,
Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Fiji,
France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway,
Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden,
Thailand, Tunisia, UK, US, Uruguay
-----
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
established - NA May 1948
aim - initially established by the UN Security Council to supervise the
1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently extended to work in the Sinai,
Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan
members - (19) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile,
China, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,
Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, US
-----
United Nations Trusteeship Council
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to supervise the administration of the UN trust territories; only one
of the original 11 trusteeships remains - the Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands (Palau)
members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US
-----
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
established - 9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947
effective - 1 July 1948
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes international postal cooperation
members-(185) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See,
Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea,
South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands,
Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas
Territories of the UK, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao
Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,
US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia
(suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
------
Warsaw Pact (WP)
was established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July
1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of dissolution
were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR;
earlier members included East Germany and Albania
-----
West African Development Bank (WADB)
note - also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)
established - 14 November 1973
aim - to promote regional economic development and integration
members - (7) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal,
Togo
-----
West African Economic Community (CEAO)
note - acronym from Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
established - 3 June 1972
aim - to promote regional economic development
members - (7) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Senegal
observers - (2) Guinea, Togo
-----
Western European Union (WEU)
established - 23 October 1954
effective - 6 May 1955
aim - mutual defense and progressive political unification
members - (9) Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal, Spain, UK
associate members - (4) Greece, Iceland, Norway, Turkey
observers - (2) Denmark, Ireland
-----
World Bank
see International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
-----
World Bank Group
includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD),
International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance
Corporation (IFC)
-----
World Confederation of Labor (WCL)
established - 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian
Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (99 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,
Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,
Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran,
Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico,
Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico,
Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US,
Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-----
World Court
see International Court of Justice (ICJ)
-----
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
established - 3 October 1945
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (86) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia,
Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, The
Gambia, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Madagascar, Martinique, Mauritius,
Mexico, Mongolia, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan,
Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Reunion,
Romania, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire
-----
World Food Council (WFC)
established - 17 December 1974
aim - ECOSOC organization that studies world food problems and recommends
solutions
members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
World Food Program (WFP)
established - 24 November 1961
aim - ECOSOC organization that provides food aid to assist in development
or disaster relief
members - (42) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
-----
World Health Organization (WHO)
established - 22 July 1946
effective - 7 April 1948
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with health matters
members - (186) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,
Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino,
Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,
Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) Puerto Rico, Tokelau
-----
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
established - 14 July 1967
effective - 26 April 1970
aim - UN specialized agency concerned with the protection of literary,
artistic, and scientific works
members - (140) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,
Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central
African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt,
El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,
Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia,
South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine,
UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended),
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
established - 11 October 1947
effective - 4 April 1951
aim - specialized UN agency concerned with meteorological cooperation
members - (173) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,
British Caribbean Territories, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,
Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,
Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong
Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,
Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint
Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South
Africa (suspended), Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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World Tourism Organization (WTO)
established - 2 January 1975
aim - to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic
development, international understanding, and peace
members - (109) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Austria,
Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South
Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco,
Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE,
US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members-(4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico
observer-(1) Holy See
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Zangger Committee (ZC)
established-early 1970s
aim-to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the
nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
members-(29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US