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1987-04-21
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ZX-SPECTRUM EMULATOR V1.0
=========================
1. EINLEITUNG
-------------
WOZU a ZX-SPECTRUM EMULATOR? - Now, who this COMPUTER HOCHSTENS wards Name
after knows, can OBIGE Question BERECHTIGT place. That at least just as
ERFOLGREICHE NACHFOLGER of the LEGENDAREN ZX-81 is a 8-BIT Computer with 48 KB
Main memory, 256 X 192 PIXEL GRAFIKSCHIRM in 16 Colour (MAX. 2 Colour PRO
ZEICHENPOSITION) and PIEPS-SOUND. Hopeless VERALTET so for one
VERWOHNTEN ST-USER.
Who but, how that AUTOR, SEINERZEIT his first PROGRAMMIERFRUSTRATIONEN on
ZX-81 ERLEBTE, and then hopeful on he who ZX-SPECTRUM WECHSELTE, getting
this Appliance for always WOHLWOLLEND in Memory BEHALTEN. UMFANGREICHES
BASIC, NAHEZU UNERSCHOPFLICHER Save (for ZX-81 VERHALTNISSE), UPPIGE
FARBENPRACHT and even the Possibility TONE to ERZEUGEN. BINNEN KURZESTER
Time broke one SOFTWAREFLUT Over this Computer HEREIN, because he Extreme
simple and KOMFORTABEL to PROGRAMMIEREN was. ETLICHE that today on ST-SEKTOR
acquaintance SOFTWARE-Firm have himself then on SPECTRUM first LORBEEREN
GEHOLT. KURZUM: He is it already value, in Memory BEHALTEN to become, that
ALTE "SPECCI" and that AUTOR HOFFT through the UBERTRAGUNG on he who ATARI ST still
reach from and to one Glance on him throw to can. (Should yes final
also on TT and perhaps also still on SF - so had to that NACHFOLGER of the TT
LOGISCHERWEISE HEIBEN - still FUNKTIONSFAHIG be). And may be, that it still
a pair LEUTCHEN give, the Similar feel... Him is this EMULATOR
GEWIDMET!
That AUTOR may on this Place whole specially CHRISTOPH ZWERSCHKE, wards
VERFASSER of the SUPERBEN ZX-81-EMULATORS for he who ST, his Thanks AUSSPRECHEN.
First ANGESICHTS this DEMONSTRATION that PRINZIPIELLEN MACHBARKEIT one
ZX-EMULATORS was my MOTIVATION again once big enough, past the already
JAHRELANG ANGESAMMELTEN Plans finally in the Did UMZUSETZEN. Gladly give I
also to, in WERKE my VORBILDES me a few BELEHRT to have. After one
half Year ZAHER OPTIMIERUNGEN and Fight past everyone TAKTZYKLUS, always again
UNTERBROCHEN from GRAUSAMEN ABSTURZEN and WUNDERLICHEN EFFEKTEN on BILDSCHIRM
can on that EIGENSTANDIGKEIT this PROGRAMMIEREPOS not GEZWEIFELT become.
A RIESIGES DANKE also on my Woman (the now finally AUFATMEN can) for her
Understanding and the mental Support in this Time.
2. LEISTUNG that EMULATION
-------------------------
That ZX-SPECTRUM getting amazing complete EMULIERT. That only real
ERWAHNENSWERTE Difference to the ORIGINAL is, that the HARDWARE-BLINKEN
(FLASH), the that SPECTRUM as VIDEO-ATTRIBUT to the Direction place, from
GESCHWINDIGKEITSGRUNDEN (perhaps on TT then) not supported getting.
STATTDESSEN become Sign with wards FLASH-ATTRIBUT INVERS DARGESTELLT. On
DEUTLICHSTEN to notice by CURSOR in ZX-BASIC, that on ORIGINAL BLINKT, by
EMULATOR but bare INVERTIERT is. Therewith leave himself life.
ANSONSTEN can but with following FEATURES AUFGEWARTET become:
- The ZUGRUNDELIEGENDE EMULATION of the Z80-Processores supported SAMTLICHE
OPCODES, also the OPERATIONEN with he who INDEXREGISTER-HALFTEN and the other
'NICHTOFFIZIELLE' Z80-Command, and the VOLLSTANDIGE INTERRUPTLOGIK of the
Z80 (INTERRUPT-Fashion 2 getting in many Programs on SPECTRUM used).
- The VIDEO-EMULATION place all 16 Colour of the SPECTRUM (8 FARBTONE in
JEWEILS two INTENSITATEN) as well on FARBMONITOR, as also on MONOCHROMEN
MONITOR (in Gray steps) DAR.
- The I/O-OPERATIONEN for Keyboard, Loudspeaker and BORDER-Color (Color
of the BILDSCHIRMRANDES) become ORIGINALGETREU UMGESETZT. A on
JOYSTICK-PORT of the ST ANGESCHLOSSENER JOYSTICK getting as KEMPSTON- and
IF2-KOMPATIBLER JOYSTICK (two STANDARDS on SPECTRUM) EMULIERT.
- The KASSETTEN-HANDLING of the SPECTRUM getting complete on DISK UMGELENKT.
At Statement one DATEINAMENS by Load (LOAD "name"), and by SPEICHERN
(SAVE "name") is this Process TRANSPARENT. The Load of the ERSTBESTEN
PROGRAMMES from Bindded VIA LOAD "", is naturally for DISKS senseless - it
ERSCHEINT a FILESELEKTOR, from which one that VORHANDENEN Program
AUSGEWAHLT become can.
3. START of the EMULATORS
----------------------
It become the File SPECCI.PRG and SPECCI.DAT in one BELIEBIGEN
VERZEICHNIS on DISKETTE or FESTPLATTE BENOTIGT. After Start from
SPECCI.PRG ERSCHEINT a TITELSCHIRM during the File SPECCI.DAT NACHGELADEN
getting and the INITIALISIERUNG of the EMULATORS through getting. This last a
few, because UMFANGREICHE TABELLEN in Save ANGELEGT become. It be supposed to
also at least CA. 800 KB Save free be, so on ST'S with 512 KB RAM
or 1040ERN with ZUVIELEN INSTALLIERTEN ACCESSORIES run the EMULATION not
(it ERSCHEINT one ALERTBOX).
Wrote and GETESTET honour that EMULATOR on one 1040 STF with 1 MB
Save and TOS 1.0. He should but ZUMINDEST on ST under each TOS-VERSION
run and himself also with FESTPLATTEN VERTRAGEN. SOLANGE bare enough
Main memory available is...
Falls that EMULATOR on FARBMONITOR used getting, please first in the NIEDRIGE
Solution SCHALTEN (ANSONSTEN ERSCHEINT one ALERTBOX). In that MONOCHROMEN
Solution become the Colour through Gray steps ERSETZT.
After GEGLUCKTER INITILISIERUNG begin that NORMALE SPECTRUM-BOOTVORGANG,
GEFOLGT from that EINSCHALTMELDUNG: that ST is now a NAHEZU ORIGINALER
ZX-SPECTRUM. (Until on the Speed indeed, I DID MY BEST... on TT
should the EMULATION CA. so fast how the ORIGINAL be - mark see).
4. BEDIENUNG of the EMULATORS
--------------------------
The BELEGUNG that SPECTRUM-Keyboard honour so GETREU how possible on he who ST
UBERTRAGEN. Following TABELLE show the BELEGUNG that SPECTRUM-Keys, the on
ST either not as such EXISTIEREN or otherwise BELEGT are:
ZX-SPECTRUM equals to on ST BEMERKUNG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SYMBOL-SHIFT ALTERNATE or UMSCHALT-Key on SPECTRUM
right SHIFT-Key
CAPS-SHIFT LINKE SHIFT-Key TEMPORARE UMSCHALTUNG Big/Small
Z Y Because SPECTRUM ENGLISCHE Keyboard has,
Y Z honour this also on ST BEIBEHALTEN
ZWECKS KOMFORT dignity some often VERWENDETEN ZX-SHIFT-KOMBINATIONEN on
one that else UNBENUTZTEN ST-Keys GELEGT, how from NACHSTEHENDER TABELLE
HERVORGEHT:
ST-Key equals to on ZX-SPECTRUM BEMERKUNG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTROL CAPS-SHIFT+SYMBOL-SHIFT EXTENDED-Fashion
F1 CAPS-SHIFT+1 EDIT
F2,CAPSLOCK CAPS-SHIFT+2 CAPS LOCK
F3,TAB CAPS-SHIFT+3 TRUE VIDEO
F4,ESC CAPS-SHIFT+4 INVERSE VIDEO
CURSOR left CAPS-SHIFT+5 CURSOR after left
CURSOR RUNTER CAPS-SHIFT+6 CURSOR after below
CURSOR RAUF CAPS-SHIFT+7 CURSOR after above
CURSOR to the right CAPS-SHIFT+8 CURSOR after to the right
F9 CAPS-SHIFT+9 GRAPHICS-Fashion
DELETE,BS CAPS-SHIFT+0 DELETE
F10 CAPS-SHIFT+SPACE BREAK (PROGRAMMABBRUCH)
< SYMBOL-SHIFT+O ; (STRICHPUNKT)
~ SYMBOL-SHIFT+P " (HOCHKOMMA)
B SYMBOL-SHIFT+C ? (FRAGEZEICHEN)
O SYMBOL-SHIFT+L = (Is same)
A SYMBOL-SHIFT+Z : (Colon)
U SYMBOL-SHIFT+2 @ (ABSATZ)
EMULATOR-STEUERTASTEN:
ST-Key Effect BEMERKUNG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
F6 RESET Equals to RESET-Button by SPECTRUM 1)
HELP Keys-Help ZX-TASTATURSCHABLONE getting EINGEBLENDET 2)
UNDO FARBSCHALTUNG UMSCHALTUNG FARBLOS-FARBDARSTELLUNG 3)
INSERT UNTERBRECHUNG ERSCHEINT ALERT DESKTOP|RESET|CONTINUE
SHIFT-F6 DESKTOP EMULATOR finish (without ABFRAGE)
1) One KOPIE of the ZX-ROMS getting in he who ROM-Scope of the EMULATORS wrote
that Z80-EMULATOR ZURUCKGESETZT and begin again at PC=0.
2) On FARBMONITOR getting only a VIERTEL that SCHABLONE on once EINGEBLENDET,
MEHRMALIGES Squeeze from HELP show the RESTLICHEN VIERTEL.
JEDE Key out of HELP KEHRT to the EMULATION back, the Key getting same
UBERNOMMEN.
3) That DISPLAY-FILE of the SPECTRUM BESTEHT from PIXELDATEN and ATTRIBUTDATEN.
At 'FARBLOSER' DARSTELLUNG become the ATTRIBUTDATEN not BEACHTET -
the EMULATION getting something faster.
5) Load and SPEICHERN from Programs
-------------------------------------
Program, SPEICHERBEREICHE, STRINGS and ARRAYS become just as how on
ORIGINAL GESPEICHERT: SAVE "name" [CODE, DATA, SCREEN$]. "name" should
indeed only from MAXIMAL eight Sign exist (on SPECTRUM are 10 Sign
possible).
The Load FUNKTIONIERT ANALOG, with one Exception: WEIST on ORIGINAL that
Command LOAD "" (LEERSTRING) on, the NACHSTE on Bindded DAHERKOMMENDE Program to
load, so is this in DISKBETRIEB not ANWENDBAR. STATTDESSEN ERSCHEINT One
Selection-MASKE. JE after, whether that LADEBEFEHL for Program, CODE-FILES or
Variables was, ERSCHEINT only the LISTE that VORHANDENEN File of the JEWEILIGEN
TYPS.
ERLAUTERUNGEN to the DATEIAUSWAHLMASKE:
NORAMLERWEISE getting VERSUCHT the File Content.INF in AKTUELLEN File
EINZULESEN, WELCHE the Name and HEADERDATEN ALLER SPECTRUM-File in this
VERZEICHNIS contain. Should the FILE Content.INF not available be (how
said, for JEDES VERZEICHNIS SEPARAT), so getting the VERZEICHNIS after
SPECTRUM-File 'DURCHGESCANNT', what some Time last can. On End getting
VERSUCHT, the File Content.INF to write, what EVENTUELL to the SYSTEM-ALERT
'DISK SCHREIBGESCHUTZT' drived can - so on best DISKETTEN not with
SCHREIBSCHUTZ insert.
ANGEZEIGT become that DATEINAME, the Reach in BYTES and the STARTADRESSE (at
Type CODE,DATA) or. Auto-START-Line (at BASIC-Programs).
The Selection one File as result with he who CURSORTASTEN 'UP' and 'DOWN' and
'RETURN' to the Finish. On the superiors BILDSCHIRMRAND is that AKTUELLE PFAD
ANGEZEIGT and can EDITIERT become. Has one one new PFAD gave
(not with 'RETURN' ABSCHLIEBEN!) so can with Read.INF (F1) the
Table of contents EINGELESEN become.
The Table of contents getting by SPEICHERN from Programs, not automatic
AKTUALISIERT, but have to means RESCAN (F2) new ERZEUGT become.
With that Key 'ESCAPE' can the DATEIAUSWAHL leave become, without something to
load (SPECTRUM 'TAPE LOADING ERROR').
6. INTERNA
----------
That SPECTRUM-EMULATOR KREMPELT the SYSTEMVEKTOREN- and Worth fit past.
VBL-Routines become ABGESCHALTEN, Keyboard and TIMER-VEKTOREN MANIPULIERT and
that SOUNDCHIP UMPROGRAMMIERT. BUS- and ADRESSFEHLER become ABGEFANGEN and that
ILLEGAL-VEKTOR for the INTERRUPT-SIMULATION of the Z80 used. Thence is it
also quite possible, that the Program himself with other in Save
LIEGENDEN VEKTORVERBIEGERN not tolerate.
7. Leave of the EMULATORS
--------------------------
Through Squeeze from SHIFT-F6 getting without ABFRAGE immediately to the DESKTOP
ZURUCKGEKEHRT. There become SAMTLICHE SYSTEMWERTE, the VERANDERT dignity
(VEKTOREN, FARBPALETTE, SOUNDREGISTEREINSTELLUNG ETC.) on the ALTEN Worth
ZURUCKGESETZT.
8. To the Finish some SPECTRUM-DOKUMENTATIONEN
-----------------------------------------------
SPEICHERAUFTEILUNG (ADRESSBEREICH: 0-65535)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
00000-16383 ROM
16384-22527 DISPLAY-FILE (PIXELDATEN)
22528-23295 ATTRIBUT-FILE (Colour and ATTRIBUTE, ZEICHENORIENTEIERT)
23296-23551 DRUCKER-BUFFER (BELIEBTER TEMPORARER Save)
23552-23733 SYSTEM-Variables
23734-23754 SYSTEMBEREICH for I/O
23755- BASIC-Program-Save + Variables
On the superiors SPEICHERENDE JEDE MENGE SYSTEMBEREICHE, STACKS and USER-GRAFIK.
INTERESSANTE SYSTEMVARIABLEN (Word are in LOW-HIGH-FORMAT!):
Address Reach Name Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
23561 1 REPDEL Time in 1/50 Seconds for Keyboard-REPEAT
23562 1 REPPER Delay in 1/50 Seconds between REPEATS
23606 2 CHARS Hand on ZEICHENSATZADRESSE - 256
23609 1 PIP Reach of the TASTATURKLICKS (one attempt Z.B. 10)
23627 2 VARS Hand on Variables-Scope of the PROGRAMMS
23635 2 PROG Hand on Program-Scope (normally 23755)
23672 3 FRAMES 3 BYTE ZAHLER (LOW - HIGH). All 20MS INKREMENTIERT
23692 1 SCRCT Number that SCROLLS of the SCREENS before the Question
"SCROLL?" ERSCHEINT.
23730 2 RAMTOP Address that last SPEICHERSTELLE for BASIC
23732 2 P-RAMT Address that PHYSIKALISCH last SPEICHERSTELLE
INTERESSANTE SYSTEMAUFRUFE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
RANDOMIZE USR 3280 SCROLL past one Line after above
PRINT 65536-USR 7962 Free Save
RANDOMIZE USR 0 SOFT-RESET of the SPECTRUM
9. Read BUT need LEAST
---------------------
The was'S. All JENEN, the he who SPECTRUM In general not know, his the
Program "DEMO1" and "TUTOR" to the Summons EMPFOHLEN.
WURDIGUNGEN, LOB, as soon as ANREGUNGEN and KOMMENTARE please on following
Address:
CHRISTIAN GANDLER
PALETZGASSE 17/3/14
A-1160 WIEN
Much Fun and CIAO!
CG, 17.03.91
VERSION 1.1 from 14/05/1991
--------------------------
Some Deficiency (and also Error) dignity BEHOBEN, the BETRIEBSSICHERHEIT ERHOHT.
By the way supported that EMULATOR NUNMEHR the BERUCHTIGTE INTERFACE I and the
MICRODRIVES.
In DETAIL are it following Alterations opposite that VERSION 1.0:
- TRAP 7 VEKTOR honour by Leave of the EMULATORS not RUCKGESETZT.
- FILESELEKTOR read Content.INF PROBLEMLOS a (In V1.0 was MITUNTER
MEHRMALIGES Squeeze from F1 necessary). WEITERS remain the Side that LISTE
active for he who next Summons. That BILDSCHIRM-MODUS getting not more
UMGESCHALTEN, by Leave of the SELEKTORS.
- By Load from ANWENDUNGEN out, ERSCHIEN in V1.0 automatic that FILE-
SELEKTOR. NUMEHR become that Series after all File of the TYPS 'CODE' ANGE-
offered, what in that Rule earlier or later to the Success drived. Through
GEDRUCKTHALTEN from 'CONTROL' or 'ALTERNATE' by Summons that LADEOPERATION
ERSCHEINT that FILESELEKTOR how GEWOHNT.
- At UNTERBRECHUNG VIA 'INSERT' become now all Z80-REGISTER ANGEZEIGT.
- GERINGFUGIGE BESCHLEUNIGUNG that EMULATION
- INTERFACE 1 & MICRODRIVES:
--------------------------
That AUTOR set VORAUS, that that LESER this Line Information know, what with
INTERFACE I' and 'MICRODRIVE' common is, because for all, the therewith nothing
begin can, a MEHRSEITIGER EXKURS necessary ware. Therefore only for ALTE
SINCLAIR-HASEN following ERLAUTERUNGEN:
Through GEDRUCKTHALTEN from 'CONTROL' or 'ALTERNATE' during of the
EMULATORSTARTS from DESKTOP (until to the ERTONEN one GLOCKENSCHLAGS) getting
that SPECTRUM with wards INTERFACE I AUSGESTATTET. It stand then so the
FINGERVERSTAUCHENDEN KOMMANDOS how LOAD *"M";1;"name" to the Direction.
Therewith a MICRODRIVE ANGESPROCHEN become can, is but still a few
VORARBEIT necessary. First of all have to on IRGENDEINE WEISE - to the Example with
one little one BASIC-Program (ST) one File NAMENS :MD1 (instead that '1'
also 2...8, JE after under what Number the MICRODRIVE used
become should) ERZEUGT become, the exactly 132240 BYTES Reach has. The is
that BENOTIGTE Place for 254 SEKTOREN to 512 BYTES PLUS VERWALTUNGSBUFFER
from 8192 BYTES. In GFA-BASIC Z.B. could so a Program so AUSSCHAUEN:
OPEN #"O",#2,"\SPECTRUM\:MD1"
X$=SPACE$(8192)
PRINT #2;X$;
X$=SPACE$(512)
FOR I=1 TO 254
PRINT #2;X$;
NEXT I
CLOSE #2
This File have to how ANGEDEUTET in SELBEN VERZEICHNIS ANGELEGT become, in
wards himself that EMULATOR (SPECCI.PRG) felt.
From EMULATOR from have to the MICRODRIVE how on ORIGINAL first of all FORMATIERT
become, before it used become can. This GESCHIEHT how GEWOHNT with
wards Command FORMAT "M";1;"name".
It stand from now SAMTLICHE MICRODRIVE-KOMMANDOS to the Direction.
By the way can a DRUCKER Over RS232-KOMMANDOS BETRIEBEN become (also
when he on CENTRONICS-PORT hang). Example: FORMAT "T",9600: LIST *T
-> send a BASIC-LISTING on he who DRUCKER (or what always on that RS232
or CENTRONICS-SCHNITTSTELLE hang).
VERSION 1.2 from 02/06/1991
--------------------------
That EMULATOR is now real GETESTER WEISE full HARDDISK-capable and run
on MEGA STE 4 with 16 MHZ and EINGESCHALTENEM CACHE without Problem (and round
duplicate so fast how on 1040).
TT-VERSION from 23/07/1991
-------------------------
How to expect, could I not sooner calm sleep, before not one
VERSION of the EMULATORS for he who ATARI TT PROGRAMMIERT was...
AUFGRUND that different Processor-ARCHITEKTUR of the 68030 were ETLICHE
Alterations in ALGORITHMUS necessary, so that I one own VERSION for he who TT
ENTWICKELTE, past he who SOURCECODE not ALLZU UNUBERSICHTLICH become to leave.
On TT have to the File SPECCITT.DAT in SPECCI.DAT UNBENANNT become, past he who
EMULATOR EINZURICHTEN (ORIGINALE File SPECCI.DAT - the ST-VERSION - before
LOSCHEN!). That EMULATOR run on TT in that NIEDRIGEN and HOHEN ST-Solution,
WOBEI that CACHE of the 68030 EINGESCHALTET remain can.
NEBENBEI have I now also the FLASH-ATTRIBUTE of the SPECTRUM EMULIERT, because that
TT sufficient RECHENLEISTUNG for that has. The UNDO-Key SCHALTET now between
three different BILDSCHIRMMODI past:
1) FLASH getting EMULIERT (After Summons active)
2) FLASH-ATTRIBUTE INVERS DARGESTELLT
3) ATTRIBUTLOSE DARSTELLUNG
Unfortunatly is that SOUND on TT relative LEISE, because that Loudspeaker not more in
MONITOR INTEGRIERT is.
PUNCTO Speed leave himself say, that she in DURCHSCHNITT that of the
ORIGINALS resemble. Indeed real only in DURCHSCHNITT - many Program
run with 70%, the other for that again with 200% from. This lie at it, that the
different Z80-Command UNTERSCHIEDLICH BESCHLEUNIGT become - a GENERELLES
Problem that Processor-EMULATION.
Still could I he who EMULATOR MANGELS TT-RAM still not in this SCHNELLEN RAM
ABLAUFEN leave, but probable allowed the GESCHWINDIGKEITS-STEIGERUNG then
almost already to high be.
Therefore lay I now finally the Development of the ZX-SPECTRUM-EMULATORS (until on
WIDERRUF) to he who Programmer-AKTEN (=BACKUPS) and Him the FERTIGE DING under
Her SAMMLUNG.
Falls She a SPECTRUM-FREAK were (are?), write She me yet, whether Him
the EMULATION likes - honour me FREUEN!
TSCHUB!