GEMini Atari/GEMini_Atari_CD-ROM_Walnut_Creek_December_1993.iso/zip/gnu/rcs5ap1b.lzh/RCS5AP1B/CO.1LP

Text File | 1991-01-30 | 18KB | 463 lines

CO(1)                  Programmer's Manual                  CO(1)



NAME
     co - check out RCS revisions

SYNOPSIS
     co [_✓o_✓p_✓t_✓i_✓o_✓n_✓s] _✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e ...

DESCRIPTION
     co retrieves a revision from each RCS file and stores it
     into the corresponding working file.  Each file name ending
     in ,v is taken to be an RCS file; all other files are
     assumed to be working files.  If only a working file is
     given, co tries to find the corresponding RCS file in the
     directory ./RCS and then in the current directory.  For more
     details, see FILE NAMING below.

     Revisions of an RCS file may be checked out locked or
     unlocked.  Locking a revision prevents overlapping updates.
     A revision checked out for reading or processing (e.g., com-
     piling) need not be locked.  A revision checked out for
     editing and later checkin must normally be locked.  Checkout
     with locking fails if the revision to be checked out is
     currently locked by another user.  (A lock may be broken
     with rcs(1).)  Checkout with locking also requires the
     caller to be on the access list of the RCS file, unless he
     is the owner of the file or the superuser, or the access
     list is empty.  Checkout without locking is not subject to
     accesslist restrictions, and is not affected by the presence
     of locks.

     A revision is selected by options for revision or branch
     number, checkin date/time, author, or state.  When the
     selection options are applied in combination, co retrieves
     the latest revision that satisfies all of them.  If none of
     the selection options is specified, co retrieves the latest
     revision on the default branch (normally the trunk, see the
     -b option of rcs(1)).  A revision or branch number may be
     attached to any of the options -f, -I, -l, -p, -q, -r, or
     -u.  The options -d (date), -s (state), and -w (author)
     retrieve from a single branch, the _✓s_✓e_✓l_✓e_✓c_✓t_✓e_✓d branch, which is
     either specified by one of -f, ..., -u, or the default
     branch.

     A co command applied to an RCS file with no revisions
     creates a zero-length working file.  co always performs key-
     word substitution (see below).

OPTIONS
     -r[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          retrieves the latest revision whose number is less than
          or equal to _✓r_✓e_✓v. If _✓r_✓e_✓v indicates a branch rather than
          a revision, the latest revision on that branch is
          retrieved.  If _✓r_✓e_✓v is omitted, the latest revision on



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          the default branch (see the -b option of rcs(1)) is
          retrieved.  A revision is composed of one or more
          numeric or symbolic fields separated by periods.  The
          numeric equivalent of a symbolic field is specified
          with the -n option of the commands ci(1) and rcs(1).

     -l[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          same as -r, except that it also locks the retrieved
          revision for the caller.

     -u[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          same as -r, except that it unlocks the retrieved revi-
          sion if it was locked by the caller.  If _✓r_✓e_✓v is omit-
          ted, -u retrieves the latest revision locked by the
          caller; if no such lock exists, it retrieves the latest
          revision on the default branch.

     -f[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          forces the overwriting of the working file; useful in
          connection with -q.  See also FILE MODES below.

     -kkv Generate keyword strings using the default form, e.g.
          $Revision: 5.4 $ for the Revision keyword.  A locker's
          name is inserted in the value of the Header, Id, and
          Locker keyword strings only as a file is being locked,
          i.e. by ci -l and co -l.  This is the default.

     -kkvl
          Like -kkv, except that a locker's name is always
          inserted if the given revision is currently locked.

     -kk  Generate only keyword names in keyword strings; omit
          their values.  See KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION below.  For
          example, for the Revision keyword, generate the string
          $Revision$ instead of $Revision: 5.4 $.  This option is
          useful to ignore differences due to keyword substitu-
          tion when comparing different revisions of a file.

     -ko  Generate the old keyword string, present in the working
          file just before it was checked in.  For example, for
          the Revision keyword, generate the string $Revision:
          1.1 $ instead of $Revision: 5.4 $ if that is how the
          string appeared when the file was checked in.  This can
          be useful for binary file formats that cannot tolerate
          any changes to substrings that happen to take the form
          of keyword strings.

     -kv  Generate only keyword values for keyword strings.  For
          example, for the Revision keyword, generate the string
          5.4 instead of $Revision: 5.4 $.  This can help gen-
          erate files in programming languages where it is hard
          to strip keyword delimiters like $Revision: $ from a



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          string.  However, further keyword substitution cannot
          be performed once the keyword names are removed, so
          this option should be used with care.  Because of this
          danger of losing keywords, this option cannot be com-
          bined with -l, and the owner write permission of the
          working file is turned off; to edit the file later,
          check it out again without -kv.

     -p[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          prints the retrieved revision on the standard output
          rather than storing it in the working file.  This
          option is useful when co is part of a pipe.

     -q[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          quiet mode; diagnostics are not printed.

     -I[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
          interactive mode; the user is prompted and questioned
          even if the standard input is not a terminal.

     -d_✓d_✓a_✓t_✓e
          retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch
          whose checkin date/time is less than or equal to _✓d_✓a_✓t_✓e.
          The date and time may be given in free format.  The
          time zone LT stands for local time; other common time
          zone names are understood.  For example, the following
          _✓d_✓a_✓t_✓es are equivalent if local time is January 11, 1990,
          8pm Pacific Standard Time (eight hours west of GMT):

               8:00 pm lt
               4:00 AM, Jan. 12, 1990           note: default is GMT
               1990/01/12 04:00:00              RCS date format
               Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 1990 LT      output of ctime(3) + LT
               Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 PST 1990     output of date(1)
               Fri Jan 12 04:00:00 GMT 1990
               Thu, 11 Jan 1990 20:00:00 -0800
               Fri-JST, 1990, 1pm Jan 12
               12-January-1990, 04:00-WET

          Most fields in the date and time may be defaulted.  The
          default time zone is GMT.  The other defaults are
          determined in the order year, month, day, hour, minute,
          and second (most to least significant).  At least one
          of these fields must be provided.  For omitted fields
          that are of higher significance than the highest pro-
          vided field, the time zone's current values are
          assumed.  For all other omitted fields, the lowest pos-
          sible values are assumed.  For example, the date 20,
          10:30 defaults to 10:30:00 GMT of the 20th of the GMT
          time zone's current month and year.  The date/time must
          be quoted if it contains spaces.




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     -s_✓s_✓t_✓a_✓t_✓e
          retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch
          whose state is set to _✓s_✓t_✓a_✓t_✓e.

     -w[_✓l_✓o_✓g_✓i_✓n]
          retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch
          which was checked in by the user with login name _✓l_✓o_✓g_✓i_✓n.
          If the argument _✓l_✓o_✓g_✓i_✓n is omitted, the caller's login is
          assumed.

     -j_✓j_✓o_✓i_✓n_✓l_✓i_✓s_✓t
          generates a new revision which is the join of the revi-
          sions on _✓j_✓o_✓i_✓n_✓l_✓i_✓s_✓t. This option is largely obsoleted by
          rcsmerge(1) but is retained for backwards compatibil-
          ity.

          The _✓j_✓o_✓i_✓n_✓l_✓i_✓s_✓t is a comma-separated list of pairs of the
          form _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2:_✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3, where _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 and _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3 are (symbolic or
          numeric) revision numbers.  For the initial such pair,
          _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 denotes the revision selected by the above options
          -f, ..., -w.  For all other pairs, _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 denotes the
          revision generated by the previous pair.  (Thus, the
          output of one join becomes the input to the next.)

          For each pair, co joins revisions _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 and _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3 with
          respect to _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2. This means that all changes that
          transform _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 into _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 are applied to a copy of _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3.
          This is particularly useful if _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 and _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3 are the
          ends of two branches that have _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 as a common ances-
          tor.  If _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1<_✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2<_✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3 on the same branch, joining
          generates a new revision which is like _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3, but with
          all changes that lead from _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 to _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 undone.  If
          changes from _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 to _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1 overlap with changes from
          _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 to _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3, co prints a warning and includes the
          overlapping sections, delimited by the lines
          <<<<<<< _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1, =======, and >>>>>>> _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓3.

          For the initial pair, _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓2 may be omitted.  The default
          is the common ancestor.  If any of the arguments indi-
          cate branches, the latest revisions on those branches
          are assumed.  The options -l and -u lock or unlock
          _✓r_✓e_✓v_✓1.

     -V_✓n  Emulate RCS version _✓n, where _✓n may be 3, 4, or 5.  This
          may be useful when interchanging RCS files with others
          who are running older versions of RCS.  To see which
          version of RCS your correspondents are running, have
          them invoke rlog on an RCS file; if none of the first
          few lines of output contain the string branch: it is
          version 3; if the dates' years have just two digits, it
          is version 4; otherwise, it is version 5.  An RCS file
          generated while emulating version 3 will lose its



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          default branch.  An RCS revision generated while emu-
          lating version 4 or earlier will have a timestamp that
          is off by up to 13 hours.  A revision extracted while
          emulating version 4 or earlier will contain dates of
          the form _✓y_✓y/_✓m_✓m/_✓d_✓d instead of _✓y_✓y_✓y_✓y/_✓m_✓m/_✓d_✓d and may also
          contain different white space in the substitution for
          $Log$.

KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION
     Strings of the form $_✓k_✓e_✓y_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓d$ and $_✓k_✓e_✓y_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓d:...$ embedded in
     the text are replaced with strings of the form
     $_✓k_✓e_✓y_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓d:_✓v_✓a_✓l_✓u_✓e$ where _✓k_✓e_✓y_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓d and _✓v_✓a_✓l_✓u_✓e are pairs listed
     below.  Keywords may be embedded in literal strings or com-
     ments to identify a revision.

     Initially, the user enters strings of the form $_✓k_✓e_✓y_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓d$.
     On checkout, co replaces these strings with strings of the
     form $_✓k_✓e_✓y_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓d:_✓v_✓a_✓l_✓u_✓e$.  If a revision containing strings of
     the latter form is checked back in, the value fields will be
     replaced during the next checkout.  Thus, the keyword values
     are automatically updated on checkout.  This automatic sub-
     stitution can be modified by the -k options.

     Keywords and their corresponding values:

     $Author$
          The login name of the user who checked in the revision.

     $Date$
          The date and time (GMT) the revision was checked in.

     $Header$
          A standard header containing the full pathname of the
          RCS file, the revision number, the date (GMT), the
          author, the state, and the locker (if locked).

     $Id$ Same as $Header$, except that the RCS file name is
          without a path.

     $Locker$
          The login name of the user who locked the revision
          (empty if not locked).

     $Log$
          The log message supplied during checkin, preceded by a
          header containing the RCS file name, the revision
          number, the author, and the date (GMT).  Existing log
          messages are _✓n_✓o_✓t replaced.  Instead, the new log mes-
          sage is inserted after $Log:...$.  This is useful for
          accumulating a complete change log in a source file.

     $RCSfile$



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          The name of the RCS file without a path.

     $Revision$
          The revision number assigned to the revision.

     $Source$
          The full pathname of the RCS file.

     $State$
          The state assigned to the revision with the -s option
          of rcs(1) or ci(1).

FILE NAMING
     Pairs of RCS files and working files may be specified in
     three ways (see also the example section).

     1) Both the RCS file and the working file are given.  The
     RCS file name is of the form _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓1/_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓k_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e,v and the work-
     ing file name is of the form _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓2/_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓k_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e where _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓1/ and
     _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓2/ are (possibly different or empty) paths and _✓w_✓o_✓r_✓k_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e
     is a file name.

     2) Only the RCS file is given.  Then the working file is
     created in the current directory and its name is derived
     from the name of the RCS file by removing _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓1/ and the
     suffix ,v.

     3) Only the working file is given.  Then co looks for an RCS
     file of the form _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓2/RCS/_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓k_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e,v or _✓p_✓a_✓t_✓h_✓2/_✓w_✓o_✓r_✓k_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e,v
     (in this order).

     If the RCS file is specified without a path in 1) and 2),
     then co looks for the RCS file first in the directory ./RCS
     and then in the current directory.

EXAMPLES
     Suppose the current directory contains a subdirectory RCS
     with an RCS file io.c,v.  Then all of the following commands
     retrieve the latest revision from RCS/io.c,v and store it
     into io.c.

          co  io.c;    co  RCS/io.c,v;   co  io.c,v;
          co  io.c  RCS/io.c,v;    co  io.c  io.c,v;
          co  RCS/io.c,v  io.c;    co  io.c,v  io.c;

FILE MODES
     The working file inherits the read and execute permissions
     from the RCS file.  In addition, the owner write permission
     is turned on, unless -kv is set or the file is checked out
     unlocked and locking is set to strict (see rcs(1)).





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     If a file with the name of the working file exists already
     and has write permission, co aborts the checkout, asking
     beforehand if possible.  If the existing working file is not
     writable or -f is given, the working file is deleted without
     asking.

FILES
     co accesses files much as ci(1) does, except that it does
     not need to read the working file.

DIAGNOSTICS
     The RCS file name, the working file name, and the revision
     number retrieved are written to the diagnostic output.  The
     exit status is zero if and only if all operations were suc-
     cessful.

IDENTIFICATION
     Author: Walter F. Tichy.
     Revision Number: 5.4; Release Date: 1990/12/04.
     Copyright c 1982, 1988, 1989 by Walter F. Tichy.
     Copyright c 1990 by Paul Eggert.

SEE ALSO
     ci(1), ctime(3), date(1), ident(1), rcs(1), rcsdiff(1),
     rcsintro(1), rcsmerge(1), rlog(1), rcsfile(5)
     Walter F. Tichy, RCS--A System for Version Control,
     _✓S_✓o_✓f_✓t_✓w_✓a_✓r_✓e--_✓P_✓r_✓a_✓c_✓t_✓i_✓c_✓e & _✓E_✓x_✓p_✓e_✓r_✓i_✓e_✓n_✓c_✓e 15, 7 (July 1985), 637-654.

LIMITS
     Links to the RCS and working files are not preserved.

     There is no way to selectively suppress the expansion of
     keywords, except by writing them differently.  In nroff and
     troff, this is done by embedding the null-character \& into
     the keyword.

BUGS
     The -d option sometimes gets confused, and accepts no date
     before 1970.
















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