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OCR: flume pile experiment Demonstrate To further understand erosion, Leonardo attempted to In this flume experiment, determine the force of river currents and their scouring effects at surface patterns develop the base of bridge pilings. He observed that the water surface almost identically to those rises at the point of contact with a piling and is depressed on in Leonardo's sketch. The the downstream side. He realized that this swirling motion wake also oscillates from would result in a continual scouring of the riverbed, thereby side to side, producing an weakening the piling's foundation. Turbulence rises in the wake, asymmetrical pattern. probably as a result of the submerged wake striking the surface.