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OCR: Scientists used to believe the rocky planets including the earth Mercury Venus and Mars were created by the rapid gravitational collapse ofa dust cloud deflation giving rise to dense orb in the 1960s the Apollo space program changed this view Studies of moon craters revealed that these gouges were caused by the impact of objects that were in great abundance about 15 billion years ago Thereafter the number of impacts appeared to have quickly decreased This observation rejuvenated the theory of accretion postulated by Otto Schmidt The Russian geophysicist had suggested ir 1944 that planets grew ir size gradually, step by step According to Schmidt, cosmic dust lumped together to form particulates particulates became gravel, gravel became small balls, then big balls, then tiny planets, or plan ...