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1992-12-01
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HIGH RESOLUTION
SIMULATIONS OF TUR-
BULENT FLOWS
Turbulence, "the last great unsolved
problem of classical physics" (Feyn-
man), has been under extensive investi-
gation for over 100 years since
Reynolds studied the transition from
laminar to turbulent flows in 1893. The
major difficulties that arise in the statis-
tical theory of turbulence are caused by
the strongly dissipative character of the
dynamical system and the nonlinearity
of the equation of motion. During the
last two decades, direct numerical sim-
ulation has played an important role in
our understanding of structures and
statistical properties of turbulent fluid
flows.
The main limitation encountered in
previous simulations has been the
restricted computational memory and
computational speed, dictating limited
spatial resolution. The large memory
and high computational speed on the
CM-200 allows, for the first time, the
implementation of turbulent simula-
tions on a spatial grid of 5123. Taylor
microscopic Reynolds numbers
can be resolved.
Using this new computational power,
the built-in parallel computational
method, and the accompanying 3D
visualization capability, we have stud-
ied spatial structures and statistical
properties of isotropic turbulence. The
computational speed of the present
code on the CM-200 is about three
times faster than that of the CRAY-2
simulations using four processors.
In other studies, we have seen that the
probability distribution function of
pressure is very skewed, meaning that
most of the 3D space has below-aver-
age pressure. In contrast, the pressure
head, defined as the summation of
pressure and velocity magnitude, has a
symmetric distribution function. More-
over, it appears that the Bernoulli law
(pressure head = constant) for inviscid
fluid flows is approximately correct for
high Reynolds number turbulent flows.
High vorticity regions are strongly cor-
related with high velocity regions
because of spin-up. Therefore, the Ber-
noulli law leads to low pressure in the
high vorticity regions.
In the movie sequences, we present iso-
pressure contours from a pseudo-spec-
tral simulation of the 3D Navier-
Stokes equations. The system size is
5123 and . The red, blue, and
green colors represent pressure con-
tours of 50% above average, 5% above
average and 30% below average,
respectively. The low-pressure region
forms worm-like structures, while the
high-pressure region is randomly ori-
ented. In other visualizations, we
observe that the spatial structure of
the pressure field is strongly corre-
lated with the vorticity field. The
shape of the high-vorticity region is
substantially the same as the low-
pressure field. In this connection, it
can be noted that the pressure satisfies
a Poisson equation, and the vorticity
contributes to the source term in this
equation.
Acknowledgement: Shi-yi Chen, LANL, T13