home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Mammals - A Multimedia Encyclopedia
/
Mammals.bin
/
mammals
/
bisons
/
bison.dat
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1990-05-25
|
4KB
|
122 lines
BISON
Did you know that Buffalo Bill
never shot a single buffalo? Or that
the "home where the buffalo roam" is
not part of the United States? The
large, shaggy animals pictured on
coins and described in folklore are
really bison--though the animals
are sometimes called American
buffaloes.
In the past, many %F,10,g\herd%herds of bison
roamed North America from Oregon to
New York State and from Canada to
Mexico. Today these animals live
mainly in parks and on wildlife
%F,10,h\preserve%preserves on the Great Plains and in
the Rocky Mountains. Their buffalo
relatives are found in Asia and in
Africa. Find out more about
buffaloes under their own heading.
The bison--the heaviest land
animal in North America--can weigh a
ton (907 kg) or more. An adult male,
called a bull, measures about 6 feet
(183 cm) tall at the shoulder. A
female, known as a cow, is smaller.
Both males and females have short,
curved %f,10,g\horn%horns and large humps on
their shoulders. In spite of their
size and weight, bison can move
surprisingly fast. When danger
threatens, the animals can run at 30
miles (48 km) an hour.
In winter, matted, woolly hair
covers most of a bison's body. A
longer, darker mane hangs from the
animal's head, neck, and shoulders.
This heavy hair protects the animal.
A bison begins to shed its winter
coat as the weather gets warmer. It
rubs its body against a tree, a
rock, or even another bison to help
remove the hair. The bison stops
this scratching by summer, when its
outer coat has dropped off. In warm
weather, insects often bother the
bison. It gets rid of the pests by
rolling in the dust.
Bison usually %f,10,g\graze%graze in the morning
and evening and rest during the day.
Like many %f,10,g\hoof%hoofed animals, bison do
not chew their food fully before
swallowing. Later, when resting,
they bring up wads of food, called
%f,10,g\cud%cuds. After chewing these cuds
thoroughly, they swallow them and
digest the food. For most of the
year, cows and adult bulls live
separately. With the approach of the
%f,10,h\mating%mating_season in the summer, they
come together and form large herds.
Restless males begin to grunt and
paw the ground. Ramming their heads
together, two bulls fight to see
which is stronger. But rivals rarely
battle to the death. Usually the
weaker bull signals surrender by
turning its head to one side.
In spring, after a nine-month
pregnancy, a cow bears one young.
The calf, reddish in color, is born
without horns or a hump. Within two
months, horns sprout and a shoulder
hump begins to form. Gradually, dark
brown hair grows in.
At one time, more than 50 million
bison lived in North America. The
Great Plains held the largest
number. Native Americans depended on
the bison for survival. They ate
bison meat and used the hides to
make clothes, tepees, and canoes.
Bison also were important in the
religions of these Native Americans.
Settlers who moved west, however,
viewed the bison as a nuisance.
Shooting the animals became a
favorite sport on the frontier. And
traders killed the bison for their
hides and tongues. By 1889, fewer
than 600 bison survived in the
United States.
Several years later, the
government outlawed bison hunting.
Lands were set aside especially for
the animals' protection. Slowly the
bison population began to recover.
Today there are more than 40,000
animals on preserves and on ranches.
The wisent (say VEE-zent), or
European bison, is a taller relative
of the North American animal. The
chestnut-colored wisent lacks its
American relative's long, shaggy
hair and humped shoulders. The
wisent once was also in danger of
becoming %f,10,g\extinct%extinct. Cities and towns
had replaced many of the %F,10,h\woodland%woodlands
where it made its home. Now the
wisent lives in zoos and on
preserves.